In China, as long as you have gone to school, you should basically have heard what kind of book "Mengxi Writings" is, and Lin Yi has certainly heard of it, because when studying history, the time and author of this book are required in the history exam. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

Mengxi Writings is a notebook written by Shen Kuo, a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, and in terms of content, Mengxi Writings devotes more than one-third of the space to describing and expounding natural science knowledge, which is rare in notebook writings. For example, "Technique" correctly and in detail records the clay movable type printing technology invented by "Buyi Bisheng", which is the world's earliest reliable historical material on movable type printing, and is highly valued by the international cultural history community. The "dialectic" door talks about the portrait of Han Yu, so that future generations can understand a mistake that has been produced and inherited since the Northern Song Dynasty: taking the portrait of Han Xizai of the fifth dynasty as the portrait of Han Yu.

In addition, some other major scientific and technological inventions and scientific figures of the Northern Song Dynasty have also been passed down by relying on the records of this book. For example, the record of Yu Hao's "Wood Classic" and its architectural achievements, the method of plugging the dragon gate with superb hydraulic engineering, the proficient calendar of Huainan cloth Yiwei Pu, the explanation of rainbows and tornadoes by Sun Sigong, a native of Dengzhou, the technology of "group steel" and "steel filling" in Hebei, the application of "scab" in the cold smelting of the Qiang people, and the production of "immersion copper", etc., are all precious historical materials in the history of science and technology. Because Shen Kuo himself has a high level of scientific literacy, the book basically summarizes the level of scientific development in the Northern Song Dynasty and his own research experience.

Lin Yi once read a book about "Editions", which included an introduction to the famous book "Mengxi Writings". According to the rumors of this book, it can be seen that the original engraved version of "Mengxi Bi Tan" was 30 volumes, and the content is more than the current version, but all of them have been lost. The Northern Song Dynasty has Yangzhou carvings, and the Southern Song Dynasty filial piety has been re-engraved in the second year, but the Song Dynasty carvings do not exist today.

The oldest version of "Mengxi Bi Tan" that can be seen now is an engraved copy of Chen Renzi's Dongshan Academy in 1305 (the ninth year of Yuan Dade) in the collection of the National Library of China. This book is republished according to the Southern Song Dynasty Gandao book, you can still get a glimpse of the old appearance of the Song Dynasty, its opening is very large, extremely spread, and the frame is very small, the binding is the popular butterfly dress at that time, and it is unique in the Yuan Dynasty engraving book.

The Yuan Dade publication circulated in an orderly manner: the Yuan Dynasty was hidden in the Yuan Palace, and the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang got it after destroying the Yuan, and presented it to the prince Zhu Biao, and then returned to the palace "Wenyuan Pavilion". In the Qing Dynasty, it flowed out of the palace and was successively collected by Wang Shizhong's Yiyun Jingshe and Songjiang Han's family. Later, it was included in the bag of Chen Chengzhong, a famous modern bibliophile. Chen Chengzhong moved to Hong Kong before and after the liberation, and in 1965, he intended to sell a number of precious rare books, including this "Mengxi Writings", Premier Zhou personally inquired about the outflow of precious cultural relics, and instructed the Ministry of Culture to appoint a special person to negotiate it. In 1975, it was photocopied and published by the Cultural Relics Publishing House.

Lin Yi has a photocopied version published by the Cultural Relics Publishing House in his hand, but unfortunately, this batch is all paperback, priced at 1.60 yuan, there is no specific number of prints, judging from the selling price on the Internet alone, the print run should be very large, because such a good book is only about 50 yuan.

In addition, there are three main thread-bound versions of "Dream Creek Pen Talk---

In 1928, the year of Wuchen of the Republic of China, Weinan Yan's engraved book, white paper fine printing, a set of six volumes, now the price of this set of books is about 9,300 yuan.

In 1934, the Republic of China Hanfen Loujing Yinming was published by the Commercial Press, a set of 4 volumes, and now the price of this set of books is about 1500 yuan.

In 2004, the National Library of China, a photocopy of the Yuan journal in the series of Chinese reconstructed rare books, one letter and six volumes, was priced at 2,380 yuan at that time, and now the selling price is about 4,200 yuan.

It is precisely because of his deep understanding of this set of books that Lin Yi was surprised when he held this incomplete "Dream Creek Writings".

Because of the broken thread-bound book in my hand, no matter how you look at it, it looks like the Song version!

So how to identify whether an ancient book is a Song Dynasty version? Lin Yi's teacher, Uncle Fu De, once taught him some methods, specifically, mainly from three aspects.

1. Layout

Judging from the layout, most of the Northern Song Dynasty engravings are white, with double columns on the left and right or double columns around them, and some early engravings use single columns around them. In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, black mouth became popular, and it was mostly seen in Jianben. The title of the book, the volume number, the page number, the name of the engraver, and the number of words are often indicated in the heart. The end of the official engraving volume is generally engraved with the name of the proofreader, and the workshop engraving book has many lugs and tablets.

There are a lot of exquisite words in the Song Dynasty carvings, such as the Southern Song Dynasty Liangzhejiang East Road Tea and Salt Division engraved "Zhou Yi Note", "Shangshu Justice", "Zhou Li Note", "Rite Justice" and Shaoxing Mansion carved "Spring and Autumn Left Justice", etc., all stop the eight-line style. There are also some Song carvings that are denser. Qing Renjiang Biao wrote "Song and Yuan Xingge Table", which can be used as a reference for identification.

2. Calligraphy fonts

Song artificial calligraphy, advocating Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan's fonts, the trend is still fashionable, but also affected the engraving business. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the European style prevailed, and in the later period, the Huyan style and the willow style gradually appeared, but the inscriptions in each region were different. Kawamoto Yan body is the majority, the frame is open, the glyph is plump, the willow body of Jianben is the majority, the strokes are strong, and the words are hard as bones; Zhejiang's body is more European, slender and elegant, and the glyph is slightly thin; Jiangxi engraving has both willow and European bodies. Xie Zhao, a Ming scholar, once said: "There are two kinds of fat and thin in the Song Dynasty, the fat one learns the face, and the thin one learns the European." "This is the experience of previous people.

3. Use paper

The papermaking technology of the Song Dynasty was more developed, and there were many types of printing paper, roughly including bamboo paper and leather paper. Zheben and Kawamoto mostly use leather paper, that is, paper made of mulberry bark and bark as raw materials, the color is white and thick, and both sides are smooth and clean. In addition, many places also use hemp paper to print books. In the Song Dynasty, there are also books printed on the back of official paper, such as Huang Pilie's "Lingpu Inscription", "Beishan Xiaoji" printed with the six-year book of the main road, and "Luchuan Ci" printed with the grain collection case. This kind of "paper paper" is less circulated, but it is easier to identify.

At this time, Lin Yi started from these three aspects and carefully studied the remnants of the book in his hand. Whether it is the layout, font, or paper, almost all of them are in the style of the Song Dynasty.

"Could it be that this book is earlier than the Yuan edition that the state treasures?!" Lin Yi boldly came to a conjecture. And this speculation made his blood boil, because he knew that if this speculation was correct, then the history of the version of "Mengxi Writings" would be rewritten--- and this fragment of the book in his hand would become the earliest version of "Mengxi Writings".

History is created to change people. The highest level of Taoshu is to use one's own power to change the known history. For example, in the Tao book, you can find information that can prove whether Qin Shi Huang is the son of Lü Buwei, whether the overlord of Western Chu burned the miscellaneous records of Afang Palace, or find the secret about whether Emperor Yongzheng is usurping the throne, or whether Lu Xun peeked at his brother-in-law taking a bath and other information, all of which can change history.

Searching for books is like archaeology.

Why is archaeology fascinating? Why are so many people so keen on excavating ancient tombs? Because every time a celebrity's tomb is dug up, it is equivalent to quietly changing history.

Why is Taoshu attractive? Why do so many people like to dig for old books, old books, calligraphy and paintings of celebrities and letters? Because every little piece of old paper may hide a big secret.

Lin Yi took a deep breath and held the fragment in front of him tightly, although at this time, Lin Yi did not dare to determine the specific value of this book, but it was certain that this was definitely a good book.

Next to him, Li Weimin didn't notice Lin Yi's actions, in other words, even if he did, he wouldn't have any thoughts, because in his consciousness, this pile of broken books had no value. As Lin Yi said before, selling these ancient books to raise the funds needed to build the school seems completely whimsical.

But when Li Weimin was cleaning up these bad books and broken books, he seemed to find something.

"Hey, what is this?" Li Weimin couldn't help but be curious.

Hearing Li Weimin's surprise, Lin Yi couldn't help but lean over to see what was going on. (To be continued.) )