The international column arrived in Novosibirsk at ten o'clock in the evening, and in the morning Sveta and Vera were on duty and had no time to accompany us. In the middle of the night, I tossed around in Yekaterinburg, returned to my super brother's box, and woke up super brother again, and as a result, I slept with super brother until three o'clock in the morning.

After eating the breakfast brought by Vera, I went to make two cups of tea, and while drinking tea, I chatted with Brother Chao. Thinking of the story of Sverdlov told by Sveta at night, I asked Brother Chao: "Do you know Sverdlov, Brother Chao?" Brother Chao nodded and said: "Of course I know, I studied Soviet history when I was in school, Sverdlov was one of the leaders of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917, after the victory of the revolution, the 32-year-old Sverdlov was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, second only to Lenin. Since the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was the highest authority of the state at that time, Sverdlov became the de facto first head of state in Soviet Russia. Sverdlov was Lenin's most trusted and close comrade-in-arms, but unfortunately died young, otherwise he would have been Lenin's successor. I put out the thoughts that came to my mind after listening to the story at night: "Brother Chao, if Sverdlov had not died so early, would you have rewritten the history of the Soviet Union?" Chao Ge pondered for a moment and said: "If Sverdlov had not died so soon, the history of the Soviet Union would have been rewritten, and Sverdlov was the most determined person to carry out Lenin's line, and only he could balance Trotsky and Stalin." Sverdlov is the obvious choice for general secretary of the ****************. Whether it was his leadership skills, his leadership position, or Lenin's trust, Sverdlov deserved it. Stalin was not Lenin's favored successor, and for Stalin, Lenin was not at ease with his work style, thinking that he was too rude. But from Trotsky to Rykov, they were all talkers who liked to do theoretical work, and only Stalin liked to do his daily work in a down-to-earth manner. The ********** Secretariat itself is not the highest authority, but only a body that handles the day-to-day affairs of the committees and organizes and communicates the decisions of the political bureaus, ********** and party congresses. In this way, Lenin agreed to Stalin as general secretary. ”

Brother Chao is worthy of studying Russian and knows the history of the Soviet Union well, listening to him say this, I have some doubts: "Brother Chao, since I said that the ********** Secretariat itself is not the highest authority, but only handles the daily affairs of the committee and organizes and communicates the decisions of the Political Bureau, the ********** and the Party Congress. So why did Stalin become the head of state in the end? After taking a sip of tea, Brother Chao said: "As soon as Stalin took office, he expanded the powers of the general secretary step by step. Because he is a member of the Political Bureau, a member of the Organization Bureau, and the General Secretary, he has actually become the sole liaison between the Political Bureau and its two major functional departments, the Organization Bureau and the Secretariat. In this way, Stalin had complete control over these two departments, and he was responsible for conveying and implementing the decisions of the political bureau, with the stroke of his own pen when deciding on the appointment of cadres at all levels, and when reporting to the top level of the Central Committee, he could arbitrarily withhold them. In any case, Lenin could not take care of things in his illness, and Trotsky, Zinoviev and others did not like to take care of such trivial matters, so Stalin could be arbitrary in the work of state administration and replace himself in the leadership positions at all levels. In this way, the power of the ********** Secretariat swelled until it actually became the supreme authority of the Russian Communist Party. "I see, I know that Stalin was very dictatorial and showed no mercy to opponents and political opponents. I always thought that Stalin was Lenin's close comrade-in-arms and Lenin's designated successor, but this was not the case.

Chao Ge continued: "By the time Lenin noticed this, he was too ill to take on Stalin personally. At the last moment, Lenin wrote the "Letter to the Congress" in an attempt to make a last-ditch effort. However, for various reasons, this letter could not be read at the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party. Due to his severe illness, Lenin was never able to return to politics. Eight months later, illness prematurely took his life and ruined the path of development that could have been created in the first socialist country of mankind. So, if Sverdlov had not died so early, the history of the USSR would have been rewritten. ”

I remembered what I saw and heard in Moscow, and the Soviet Union defeated the German fascists during World War II, and said: "Stalin should be regarded as a great head of state, he led the Soviet Union to defeat Hitler and establish a strong Soviet Union, and the industrial and military achievements of the Soviet period that we saw in Moscow were all achieved during the Stalin period...... "Chao Ge smiled and nodded" It is right to evaluate Stalin like this, you know? Stalin is also a very controversial historical figure, he was the longest-serving supreme leader in the Soviet Union. He had all the powers in one, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the USSR **, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Generalissimo of the USSR. During his tenure, he put forward the idea of 'building socialism first in one country', abandoned Lenin's New Economic Policy, and went all out to carry out socialist industrialization and agricultural collectivization, making the Soviet Union a heavy industrial and military power, but at the same time leading the Ukrainian ******, he established a cult of personality and launched the Great Purge. In the Great Purge, many Soviets were killed for no reason, in the Great Purge more than 40,000 Red Army commanders and political workers were purged, of which more than 10,000 were shot, the famous Lenin's will mentioned six leaders of the CPSU, and finally in addition to Stalin, the other five - Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Pidakov, all executed in three major trials, Trotsky was exiled abroad and tried in absentia, but was later assassinated. During the Great Purge, seven or eight hundred thousand Soviets were executed. After Stalin's death, his body was placed in a crystal coffin and placed in Lenin's tomb. However, Stalin's body was embalmed for only eight years. Because of his abuse of power and indiscriminate killing of innocents, the CPSU government removed his body from Lenin's tomb and buried it under the Kremlin walls, and even Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. Stalin's dictatorship** and repressive rule, as well as the one-sided development of heavy industry and the military industry, also laid the hidden danger for the collapse of the Soviet Union in the future. If Sverdlov had not died so early, he would have become Lenin's successor and would have been steadfast in his implementation of Lenin's New Economic Policy, and perhaps the Soviet Union would not have collapsed. ”

After listening to Brother Chao's story about Stalin, I suddenly had a more thorough understanding of the history of the Soviet Union. In normal times, where will Brother Chao have the leisure to tell me these histories.