Brother Chao and I were chatting when we suddenly heard a knock on the door, it was a little hot in the box, and the door of our box was half open. Pen Fun Pavilion looked out www.biquge.info and saw a middle-aged man standing at the door. In the next box is a middle-aged man and woman, we saw them when we got on the bus in Moscow, they looked like husband and wife, listening to their accents, they should be from Beijing, and both husband and wife wore Fu eyes and looked polite.

I got up and opened the door and invited the middle-aged man to come in, and the middle-aged man stretched out his hand to me and Brother Chao, "Hello! My surname is Liu, and I am in the box next to you, and I heard you talking about the history of the Soviet Union in the corridor just now, and I want to come over to join in the fun, so it won't disturb you, right? Brother Chao, please sit down with the middle-aged man, "Hello, Brother Liu!" Where will it bother us? You are very welcome, my surname is Wang and I can call me Xiao Wang, this is Dapeng. I got up and said, "Hello Brother Liu! ”

Brother Liu first introduced himself: "I came to Moscow as a visiting scholar, and my wife is with me. After speaking, Brother Liu looked at us, pushed his eyes on the bridge of his nose and said, "What do you do?" It doesn't look like you're a bad man, a little like an international student, but international students won't sit in this kind of two-person box. Brother Chao smiled and said, "Brother Liu, you are mistaken, we are also the masters, but the company sent them." Brother Liu laughed when he heard this, "Oh, if you do international trade, that's also a bad master, you still look like students, you should not have graduated from college for a long time, right?" Brother Chao said: "It's been four years since I graduated, and it's been more than a year since Dapeng graduated, and you said that we are still like students, so we haven't completely taken off the student spirit." Brother Liu, you are a visiting scholar, do you teach at a university in China? Brother Liu nodded, "Yes, I taught Western philosophy and politics in college, and I taught too many students, so I can see that you are like students, and the student spirit in you is not found in those who are in the market." When Brother Chao and I heard that Brother Liu was a teacher in the university, we were immediately in awe, and Brother Chao said: "Dapeng and I call you Teacher Liu, so that your eldest brother is a little disrespectful." Teacher Liu smiled and said: "It's okay, it's okay to call me big brother, be affectionate, but I'm also used to calling me Teacher Liu, I just heard you talking about Soviet history in the corridor, Stalin's deeds should be told by Xiao Wang, right?" Brother Chao nodded, and Teacher Liu looked at Brother Chao and asked, "Xiao Wang, are you majoring in Russian?" Brother Chao nodded again, and Mr. Liu continued: "No wonder you know so much about the history of the Soviet Union, how long have you been in Russia?" Brother Chao replied: "It's been less than a year since the company sent me, what about you, Mr. Liu?" Mr. Liu replied: "I stayed in Moscow for half a year this time, and I come almost every year to do some academic exchanges with universities here, and I have been here before the collapse of the Soviet Union." Brother Chao said with great admiration: "Then you are old Russia, no wonder you can see at a glance that we are not the unfortunate master in the market, you have personally witnessed the process of the collapse of the Soviet Union." Teacher Liu said: "Yes, I personally witnessed the collapse of the Soviet Union, and such a powerful country fell apart overnight, do you understand the process?" Brother Chao said: "I probably know something, but I don't know the specific process very well, Mr. Liu, can you tell us about it?" ”

After taking a sip of the tea I had made for him, Mr. Liu said that in 1985, ********** was elected general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. At the beginning of his coming to power, he focused his attention on reforms in the economic field, which was full of difficulties and could not open up the situation; From 1988 onwards, the shift to political reform began.

In the reform of the political system********** scientific socialism was replaced by "humane and democratic socialism" and the so-called "democratization" and "openness" were advocated. The blanket negation and harsh condemnation of Stalin caused serious consequences of negating the revolutionary history and vilifying the Communist Party and socialism, and caused confusion in people's thinking. In 1990, the situation in the Soviet Union became even more turbulent: the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU decided to abandon the leadership of the party and introduce a multiparty system; The national economy of the Soviet Union began to decline dramatically; The long-dormant ******** erupted like a volcano, and ethnic separatism intensified; The internal struggle in the Soviet Union also became more acute and open.

In the course of the reform of the political system, the separatist tendencies of some of the Union Republics have become increasingly serious. In 1989, there were ethnic separatist activities in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Ukraine. In 1990, Lithuania was the first to declare its secession from the Soviet Union. Then, Russia took the lead in issuing the "Declaration of Sovereignty", and the other nine union republics also issued "Declaration of Sovereignty" one after another, declaring that their own countries are sovereign states and that their own laws are superior to the laws of the whole Soviet Union; All-Soviet laws are legal only if they do not contradict the laws of the Republic or are approved by the Supreme Soviet of the Republic.

In 1991, the Soviet Union held a referendum on whether to retain the Soviet Union, and the majority of citizens expressed their support for retaining the Union and its original name. After that, ********** consulted with the leaders of some of the former Union republics on the signing of a new Union Treaty. In August, the Treaty on the Union of Sovereign Soviet Republics was published. The treaty renamed the Soviet Union the Soviet Union of Sovereign Republics and turned it into a loose confederation. This aroused strong dissatisfaction among some high-ranking cadres within the party, and the struggle inside and outside the party sharply intensified. Just as the treaty was about to be signed, the "August 19" incident broke out in which some high-ranking party cadres tried to control the situation.

On August 19, the TASS news agency published a shocking news: Soviet Vice President Yanayev announced that in view of the president's ********** poor health, he himself would assume the presidency with immediate effect. At the same time, the establishment of a national emergency committee was declared to impose a state of emergency. The committee issued a letter to the people of the Soviet Union, saying that the reforms advocated by ********** had "reached a dead end" and that the country was "in mortal danger." The army then marched into Moscow. The actions of the Soviet Emergency Committee were resisted by Russian President Boris Yeltsin and others, creating a situation in which the army and Yeltsin's supporters faced off near the Soviet building of the Russian Federation. US President George W. Bush issued a statement renoying the Emergency Committee and demanding the restoration of **********'s powers. The leaders of the republics have declared their support for Yeltsin. The army also began to split. Yeltsin took control of the situation by declaring that he would take over all Soviet troops in Russia, ordering all troops to return to their original positions and not to participate in the coup d'état. The situation has become unfavourable to the Emergency Committee. On the evening of the 21st, ********** stated that he began to "take full control of the situation." The three-day "August 19" incident came to an end.

The August 19 incident changed the balance of domestic political forces in the Soviet Union. Yeltsin and his supporters quickly seized power of the state. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was expelled from power, and the nature of state power changed radically. The separatist forces in the republics grew dramatically and declared their independence. The **********, which was still trying to maintain the alliance, consulted several times with the leaders of the republics, but was unsuccessful. On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed an agreement in Minsk, announcing the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Thereafter. The leaders of 11 countries, including Russia, signed the "Almaty Declaration" in Almaty, the capital of Kazakhstan, and the Commonwealth of Independent States was expanded to cover most of the Soviet republics. The "CIS" is a joint organization of states, not a single country. The Soviet Union completely collapsed.

Shortly after the August 19 incident, ********** announced his resignation from the post of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and suggested that the CPSU Central Committee dissolve itself. The communist organizations of the republics either announced their independence from the CPSU, or changed the name of the party, or announced the cessation of their activities, or were banned from their activities. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which had been in power for more than 70 years, collapsed organizationally in an instant. On December 25, ********** made a televised speech announcing his resignation as president of the Soviet Union and supreme commander-in-chief of the armed forces and handing over control of nuclear weapons to Yeltsin. That night, the Soviet Union's sickle-hammer red flag was lowered from the Kremlin, and the white, red and blue tricolor flags of the imperial Russian era were raised as the flag of Russia. The next day, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR held its last meeting and officially declared the cessation of the existence of the USSR.

After listening to Mr. Liu's wonderful narration, I really understood the whole process of the collapse of the Soviet Union, which turned out to be so thrilling.