170 Currency Reform of Throttling
When the spread of the Black Death caused East Asia to be closed off as a disguised country, the economic impact would gradually manifest itself politically. In order to relieve the pressure on her husband, Gu Ci has put the official establishment of the bank on the agenda with Yiqing, preparing for the next few years. Later, because of the bad pregnancy during pregnancy, it was quite hard and unable to be distracted, and the bank's affairs were handled by Yiqing. When she got out of the big business of the baby, she saw the complete plan and the plan for various unexpected situations for the first time, and couldn't help but marvel, Yiqing is really a very good executor. Maybe he didn't understand the purpose at first, but the accumulation of experience in maritime trade over the years has allowed him to go beyond the limitations of the domestic private ticket number of the silver building, and begin to have the concept of playing international currency. Chinese are too good at summarizing, in just ten years, the business knowledge and experience reserves in this land are enough to plan the prospects of the financial industry!
"Is there a problem?" Yiqing asked Gu Ci with a smile, patted Ah Wei with one hand, and coaxed him to sleep.
"Nope! Yiqing, you're amazing! ”
The function of the Royal Bank is divided into three parts by him, the first is the simplest non-local exchange, in order to facilitate the exchange of different places, three kinds of banknotes will be issued, more than 1,000 taels of banknotes, which are no different from bills of exchange, and need to be endorsed and sealed. Below 1,000 taels or more than 100 taels, simplify the style of banknotes, for banknotes, only registered and riding seals. Below 100 taels, five denominations of treasure banknotes, one tael, five taels, ten taels, twenty and fifty, only denominations, bearer. In a nutshell, the three are similar to the difference between a money order, a check, and a banknote. The second is the deposit business, which collects gold and silver to pay for banknotes, and charges a small amount of custody fee. Finally, there are low-interest loans, which charge the yield at a fixed interest rate.
Banks can provide tens of millions of taels of silver for non-local loans, exchanges, and storage, and also issue bearer small denomination treasure notes. Treasure banknotes can be exchanged for gold, silver or copper coins according to the exchange rate, and in the future, local government offices, including the city shipping department, only accept bills of exchange and treasure money, and treasure banknotes can be used to buy things in all government offices or Chinese industries, which are equivalent to gold, silver and copper coins. If the deposit period is more than one year, the treasure banknote is taken instead of gold and silver, and you can get an additional one percent interest, which is the most affordable for the servicemen, each of them has an account, and the military salary and bonus are directly put in, and when they retire, with their identity certificate and account opening form, any branch can take it out and spend it.
What is even more interesting to Gu Ci is that once the treasure banknotes are put into circulation, the gold, silver, copper and other metal currencies collected through the bank will be transported to the Jubao Street Vault. Jubao Street is not only the headquarters of the Chung Hwa Company, but also the surrounding residential buildings have been demolished to make way for the Imperial Forest Army and the Wurate Mansion to be built, and underneath is a huge steel structure vault ready to be built to replace the current silver vault of the Imperial Palace and the Household Department.
There is one biggest difference between the bank's vault and the general silver building and the bank of the ticket number, no matter how arrogant the private bosses are, they dare not embezzle, default or refuse to pay, but the treasury belongs to the emperor, and the emperor can be the most unreasonable person in the world, and ordinary people still can't do anything about him, maybe people will think that it is safer to keep money in an ordinary silver building than to put it in the emperor's pocket, so the bank must restrict the emperor from secretly using gold and silver reserves, or printing money indiscriminately according to the regulations of the Ministry of Households.
Yiqing's design is the limit of what can be achieved in this era, and the guardian is the Imperial Forest Army responsible for the security of the palace and the five leading mansions under it, but the emperor and the crown prince do not have a key. The first of the three gates is a seven-character combination lock, which is written on the holy decree and placed in the Jinluan Temple. The second is a double-key lock, one for the household department and one for the tax department. The third is the seal lock, which needs to be buckled into the hexagonal stainless steel seal kept by the headquarters of the Bank of China in the middle round hole, and put on a special hollow hexagonal Y-shaped wrench, which can be twisted by at least three people. Moreover, each door weighs several stones, and after opening, it is necessary to move the door anchor purely by hand to resist the wood-clad stainless steel door, otherwise the door will automatically close and cannot be opened from the inside. In this way, every time the vault is opened, there are less than 20 people to work, and the movement is absolutely insignificant. Of course, in order to prevent a real mistake, there is a rope in each door that passes through the hole and leads to the duty room of the rotation rest house, and as soon as the rope is pulled, the corresponding bell in the duty room rings.
Gu Ci looked at him with great admiration, "...... I thought you would design a lot of hidden weapons or something......" I didn't expect a handsome middle-aged guy in Si Swenwen to be so simple and rude!
Yiqing said with a smile, "I don't know how to Qimen Dunjia, besides, two hundred catties are helpless, and it's not easy to steal it." ”
"Yes, yes! It's better to hide it than to show it calmly. Gu Ci nodded desperately, in her previous life, she also knew that a quarter of the world's gold reserves were in the largest Wall Street vaults, and she could make an appointment to visit, but if you want to rob, unless the United States falls, it is impossible to break through the security and all kinds of high-tech close monitoring and go in to transport gold.
"If there is a war in Beijing, the treasure banknote is a piece of waste paper, so that the world knows where it can be cashed, it is better than letting the captain of the gold school take advantage of the loophole."
"See if there's anything to add?"
"Just one, not only does not charge management fees for depositing gold and silver, but also gives some interest every year." Only storage fees will be charged for depositing banknotes!
"Well, the amount of banknotes issued cannot exceed the total tax amount of the following year, so as not to have problems with the exchange rate."
"That's right! Right! Gu Ci looked at Yiqing with admiration, this is a problem she didn't realize at all, who said that the ancients didn't know who she was anxious with!" Also, when people exchange silver for treasure money, you can exceed the limit at first, and after a long time, remember to update the exchange rate every week. The reserves of each place must be kept, and if other silver buildings are willing to cooperate with us, they can also negotiate. ”
"Cooperation?"
"We only accept gold, silver and copper, and when there is a difference between the face value of gold and silver and treasure banknotes, other silver buildings can be combined with pawnshops to make high-interest loans. Even if they don't have enough principal, they can talk to us about a low-interest loan and use it for lending. ”
"We don't touch this part?"
"There is no need for other collateral such as treasure money, gold, silver, bronze, antiques, etc. We don't have to be too busy, right? ”
The central bank lends money, playing with low interest rates and large amounts, even country-to-country, and there is no need to raise a group of old worshippers who are proficient in antiques, and they are purely engaged in currency business.
Yiqing nodded, knowing that she would never monopolize the business, not to mention that it was also beneficial not to accept other collateral, even if the emperor's relatives wanted to borrow money in the future.
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The plan that was presented to the emperor's desk that night was already very weighty. The government-run banks are certainly popular with merchants, and the royal industry can also be opened to use, so the preliminary problems focus on four points, one is the issue of anti-counterfeiting of banknotes and the reservation of seals, the second is whether the treasure banknotes will be accepted by the common people in addition to the merchants, the third is who has the final say in how much money is issued, and the fourth is what to do if the gold and silver reserves are lower than the amount of treasure banknotes issued, or are misappropriated, and the treasure banknotes cannot be redeemed for money and lose credit.
Yiqing's plan put forward the corresponding solution, anti-counterfeiting relies on the research and development of durable and not easy to fold new paper, complex graphics and texts, multi-color overprinting, embedded water lines, and the same as the Treasure Division, the technology and raw materials are monopolized, increasing the difficulty of counterfeiting, on the other hand, severely punish forgers, reward whistleblowers, and set up banknotes in each bank. It is mandatory to use paper money in some links, for example, all royal industries can accept treasure money, the Ministry of Taxation only collects treasure money and exchange money, and the sea trade only recognizes foreign exchange money. The circulation needs to be decided by the Ministry of Households, and the last question he glanced at the emperor who was thinking and was silent.
Gu Ci praised Yiqing adoringly, "A-Qing is so amazing!" ”
Yuan Yi, who was full of vinegar, frowned even more, "Why don't you tell me why you want to save the silver and not spend it?" ”
As soon as he heard it, he knew that on the surface, the reason Gu Ci was playing with the bank might be to save money, and as for other uses, he couldn't think of it for the time being, but she and Yiqing tossed for several years before coming up with this plan, I am afraid that it is a thing that can scare people to death like a firearm.
"We are not a silver-producing country, most of the current gold and silver come from overseas, if we lose our sea power, other countries will buy silver from us, and the entire business will collapse."
The United States once occupied most of the production and smelting of silver in the West, and during the Great Depression, in order to restore the industry, a "Silver Acquisition Act" was proposed against China, which was on the silver standard. The rapid appreciation of the Chinese silver dollar and its flow to the United States not only allowed American goods to be successfully dumped in the domestic market, but also led to a shortage of silver dollars, soaring prices, and a near-collapse of the economy. In this case, in order to get rid of the silver standard, Chang Kaishen issued a large number of banknotes, only to get a result of inflation and a sharp depreciation of banknotes, and let Red China pay for it. Although I don't know which countries the silver mines in South America belong to, but I can't guarantee that people have saved enough silver to come to such a hand, and it is always a good thing to get rid of the silver standard as soon as possible, and it can also reduce costs.
The two men listened to her words and began to fall into thought. Compared with the emperor, Yiqing is obviously more familiar with the economy, "Do you think that after replacing gold and silver, treasure banknotes can get rid of dependence on silver-producing land, and at the same time, the imperial court can control the amount of paper banknotes, so as to resist foreign purchases of gold and silver?" ”
"It should be said that after the use of the banknote standard, gold and silver have become the most important reserves, and the treasury is not used, and the gold and silver on the market are also commodities like other commodities, and we can adjust the amount of banknotes printed to deal with hostile takeovers and commodity dumping abroad. Of course, in turn, we can rely on this to deal with them. ”
At present, most countries have a gold and silver standard monetary system, and it is a wonderful idea to buy a large amount of gold and silver from a country that hates it with its own cheap paper money!
The emperor didn't need to investigate the details and principles, and when he thought of this possibility, he immediately decided to do it. first drove away the big candle that was in the way, and then hugged the daughter-in-law who asked for praise.
"You, do you want to let Yiqing go to Xie's house?"
"Huh? You mean, let A-Qing out of the palace? ”
"How is that possible! just gave him the surname Xie, and the good name was right to replace the Qing steward. ”
"That's a good idea! I'll ask him tomorrow. ”
"No need to ask, he mentioned it himself."
"Then, can you not let him be a subordinate like the steward? I mean, to the name of an uncle......"
"Well, that's fine. Migong is good. ”
Xie Mi is one of the founders of Gongqiao Pavilion, the concubine of the Shu Branch, the status is not high, and the person who was born was also a businessman, and he has a disability, so he can't have a queen, so he can't be more suitable.
Yuan Yihui often thought with relief, in this way, this eye-catching guy is his wife's cousin, and he is finally not so heart-wrenching!
"Good! Tomorrow! ”
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The chief manager of the queen's side succeeded to the Xie family, and took the surname of the family, and for a time the limelight was better than the Ming Court on the sea. Shenzong decreed that the word 'royal' in all royal industries should be changed to 'China', with Xie Yiqing as the general manager, and under him, Ming Fang, Qi Nian, and Ming Xiu were also in the position of general manager of the China Industrial Construction Bureau, winery, and newspaper that was clearly announced. This move stimulated the enthusiasm of the hired chamberlains, and more people took up important positions in the future. The number of chamberlains in the palace has been reduced to 1,000, and the folk self-palace atmosphere is forbidden, and their status is more convenient to work with women.
In the early summer of the 11th year of Emperor Shenzong, on the day of the Wanshou Festival, the newspaper published the official opening of the Bank of China on the first day of the following year, including the bank addresses of each city, the personal information and portraits of the branch managers, the rules and regulations and the anti-counterfeiting marks of the three banknotes.