The first to use treasure money on a large scale must be the Ministry of Taxation, which benefited from the control and reform of the tax system and land endowment since the founding of Dayu.

Before the apportionment into the mu, Dayu's taxes were divided into three types, the official land paid rent, the private land tax, and other commercial taxes, shop taxes, salt taxes, and customs bills set up for the purpose of collecting wealth were collectively referred to as fu. The first two are grain, which are exchanged for gold when they are collected in various official warehouses or imperial warehouses, and the latter are copper when they are harvested, and converted into silver when they are transported, and when they are put into the treasury or inner treasury, they are exchanged for gold. In order to ensure that the final payment of money and food is sufficient, these additional burdens are apportioned to the people, and these overcharged parts can be imagined how much catty there will be.

For thousands of years, the fields of officials and magnates enjoyed 'preferential exemptions', so before the founding of the country, the number of grain fields under the control of the imperial court decreased sharply. When the Ding Dynasty was founded, it inherited most of the land of the Tang Dynasty, and there were as many as 850 million mu of land registered by the government, but in the year when the late emperor of the Ji Dynasty ascended the throne, it was only 510 million mu. In the past few hundred years, not only has there not been a single acre of newly cultivated land, but more than 300 million acres of fertile land have been evaporated. Was it snatched away by nomads who never settled in land? Or did the frontiers establish themselves as countries and let the land be lost? A normal person knows that two-fifths of the country's land is completely in the hands of royal relatives, civil and military nobles, and wealthy families.

They don't have to pay taxes, and the burden of the state treasury is all shifted to the peasants.

Every time there is a trouble, people of insight who occupy thousands of hectares of fertile land will jump out and shout slogans to 'hide and clear the sky', but who does it, their own families are unwilling. Even if it is bracketed, and the official is changed, and Xintian has a new owner, the court and the country can only bully the common people.

After the establishment of the state of Dayu, thanks to the help of the Xiongnu and Qianyi, the royal family, which occupied the most fertile land, suddenly became poor peasants, and a large amount of ownerless land in the west and north was returned to the state. Taizong did not give all these lands to the nouveau riche cronies, and accepted them as 'national fields', first in the name of counting the ownerless fields in various places and dividing them into meritorious heroes, so that the people in charge of the local protectors and soldiers 'assisted' in measuring the land and reporting the land and population, and in order to prevent them from becoming slaves, they also deliberately limited the number of slaves of different levels of people. After the local heroes and the backbone of these central and grassroots units, most cities and counties have achieved 'exhaustive land', reached an agreement with each other, divided the cake, and reported the number. Nearly 1 billion mu of land was included in the fish scale list at once, with a population of 95 million, and if you count the non-Qi people who were not included in the list, the actual population should have exceeded 100 million. At this time, Taizong promulgated the 'national land policy', all the land in each city and county, according to the number of acres of land approved a fixed amount of tax grain, the national land is rented by the government to the peasants to plant, the tax grain collected by the national field is the civil and military nobles, the royal family of the Lu rice.

My emperor's land has been used to support you, and you people are still embarrassed to shout 'tax exemption' with me?

The following year after the promulgation of this decree, the wind and rain were smooth and the harvest was abundant, and the income from the field was nearly 40,000 stones. Emperor Taizong further reduced the tax, and the total amount of tax grain approved was 35 million stone per year, which would never be approved. Based on the average yield of about three and a half stones per mu, this tax is not heavy, and it has not been touched until Sejong came to power.

The majestic Taizong only initially achieved the matter of 'measuring the land' and cleared the total number of acres of land in Dayu, while on the other hand, the 'counting of Ding' failed to be implemented, and he did not change forced labor to hired labor, nor did he completely abolish the right to tax exemption. The existence of the right of tax exemption has given the local tycoons a way to reduce or exempt their own taxes, digging into the corners of the country's fields, indicating that it is not necessarily the owners of the fields who pay the grain, or they pay only a small part, or the registered individual farmers bear the fixed taxes and forced labor on all the local fields. Even without the hard labor of the previous dynasty and the large-scale construction of embankments and digging rivers, it was not easy to be a commoner, so the people still continued the custom of 'rather being a slave than being a citizen'.

After a period of confusion during the period of the foolish absence of Gojong, Sejong inevitably had to make some concessions and give some regions or magnates special exemptions, and the overall tax and grain reduction to 30 million stones. Once Sejong is in power, he has taken a small step back, and it is necessary to take a big step forward, and it is inevitable to move this piece of cake in addition to the fixed tax grain.

Gu Ao took advantage of the Xie family's momentum to make a good start in Langya, changing the free levy to hired labor, and changing the tax collected from a fixed grain tax to a converted silver tax, making the 'tax exemption' of exempt grain a paper scrap order, and the object of taxation directly changed to the person who owns land under his name. After a set of combined punches, a total of more than 20 million Qi people have been precipitated over the years, and the redundant population without land has been liberated from the land, and only then has there been a foundation for the great development of commerce.

Another premise of business development is the elimination of banknotes. The previous dynasty built so many canals for water conservancy, but it was not for the convenience of the later emperor's southern tour, it was completely a park and a pass, and this tariff can also be 'paid in money', that is, to take things for silver. What the local government lacks, what is 'medium', and how much to deduct, is not based on the value of things, but on the mood of officials. A horse costs 300 silver, and it only deducts 5 taels of tax when it passes the customs, or a burlap cloth of less than 100 copper can be converted into 100 taels, and the baby is happy!

Taizong cut down this piece of silver in a big way, and where it can be navigated, there is only one wharf in a city to collect customs money. At that time, some officials complained that if there were only official berthing fees, there would be a situation where no ship docked at the official berth, and everyone went to the wild wharf for free. Taizong directly threw the fold in his face, "You dare to promise that you will not charge a penny from the wild dock in the future, and Lao Tzu will reward you with a city tariff!"

Facts have proved that the Cao merchants who specialize in domestic water transportation are really not stupid at all, they stop at the official park, only need to pay the approved taxes and silver, and other places dare to stop them, and fight for the value of force. Especially in the place where the sea leads, the merchants like to spend money to ask Anton Army to run the domestic rivers with them, which is nothing compared to the extorted tolls. Therefore, the Anton Army, which has not gone to sea to fight in the past two hundred years, generally has good water quality, and all of them do not get seasick, which is also a blessing for the Cao merchants. In order to avoid the excessive collection of banknotes, Taizong approved the 'thirty taxes and one', which were not allowed to be discounted, and approved a relatively fair price for the cloth, tea, salt, iron, etc., which was the largest amount of transportation, and the tax silver was calculated at this price. The following year, this part of the tax silver was three times higher than in the last year of the previous dynasty, reaching more than 280,000 ingots, one ingot of ten taels, nearly three million taels. plus other miscellaneous items such as fixed amount of shop tax, a total of 3.8 million taels. Up to now, the wharves basically do not need officials to move a stool to sit on the shore to collect money from boat to boat, and the boatmen take the initiative to go to the government to report the tonnage, goods and other news every time they pass, and pay a small amount of money to finish the work.

The Ministry of Taxation is to accumulate wealth, and it needs to disperse wealth in order to complete the entire capital flow. How will the state spend the silver rice when it gets it?

In the early years of Taizong, the total amount of local grain was about 3 million stones, which were used as administrative expenditures in various places, 5 to 8 million stone of military grain for the Sifang Army, 4 million stone of grain for the local guards, 5 million stone for the Beijing grain to support officials, 2 million stone for the inner palace, 5 million stone for the clan relatives, and the remaining 3 to 4 million stones for the inner treasury. Therefore, almost all of the income from the field was spent on military, administrative and palace consumption, and there was nothing left. With less than four million taels of silver in the national treasury, it would be a joke to feed a country with a population of maybe hundreds of millions. After distributing the most important events such as 100 official salaries, military salaries, flood control silver, and palace silver, there is not much left, and it is no wonder that Li Fang has been crying poor every day since he took office.

The wealth of a huge country is numerous, and the annual output is basically constant, but most of it is not on the table. The lack of money in the treasury does not mean that there is no money in the treasury, and it does not mean that officials will be so poor that they can only live on salaries and rice. Taizong's ascension to the throne relied on individual team-building, rather than marriage or inheritance, and his strength was that in addition to pinching land and taxes, he also controlled various monopoly industries in private. The chamberlain was sent out to be the mine supervisor, salt supervisor, tea supervisor, etc., and it was precisely 'ordered to make money', and all the mines, the largest salt pans by the sea, the best tea plantations and mulberry fields everywhere, and the coastal sea trade and other trades belonged directly to him. No matter how greedy the servant who controls these industries is, and then he changes to another servant, even if the predecessor is greedy for a needle, the successor can dig it out for him. For example, the first thing Sejong did when he ascended the throne was to confiscate a large number of internal eunuchs, among whom the most greedy one was a million taels of gold.

As the exclusive or largest supplier, these commercial profits and ****** fruits naturally go to the inner treasury, and other merchants are just intermediate links, and the emperor is in a good mood, so he will not raise taxes for you.

If the treasury is 'taken from the people and used only for the people', then the inner treasury is 'gathering the power of the country and being the business of the emperor', and the emperor is the richest businessman. Therefore, since Taizong played this hand, the inner treasury has never been short of money, except for the military salary stipulated in the express, and the additional silver rewards are all from the inner treasury. Taizong ignored his son and handed over the inner library directly to Sejong before he died, which is the reason why Sejong can ignore Gaozong's stupid move to change the crown prince and sit on the throne, of course, it is also the confidence of Gaozong to dare to make so many women and children.

There is a founding emperor who is good at collecting money, the business tax is low, the business is naturally prosperous, and the relatives of the clan and the nouveau riche of the civil and military can drink soup with him, and the people who are turned away can only devote themselves to the love of the land. For Sejong, who was not short of money, business was certainly not his primary concern, and his energy was spent on controlling the land and nobles. In the last years of King Sejong, after the apportionment of the land into the mu was basically completed, the national treasury used silver as a tax, and only purchased grain from a few fish and rice towns with a fixed amount of tax, and put it into the treasury as a grain storage. In the past 40 years, the three dukes, six marquis and nine earls have been replaced, and almost half of the former noble and old relatives have been eliminated, not to mention the unpopular clansmen who can only receive silver and rice, but do not have too many fields, and the abandoned families are all burdens who cannot stand on the same line with the emperor.

Sejong left a group of more obedient courtiers, a stable political situation, and a full treasury to Shenzong. In the first year of Shenzong, the total amount of silver and rice in the treasury was about 33 million taels and 5.2 million stones, but there were nearly 30 million taels of silver in the inner treasury.

Shenzong has been in power for more than ten years, this number has increased unabated, the average land endowment of the country is 'three points on the land, two points on the middle land, and one point on the land', and the monopoly industry that was previously in the hands of the emperor is either completely open to the people like tea cloth, or such as mines, salt, etc. are merged into the royal industry, and thirty percent of the commercial tax goes to the national treasury and three percent goes to the inner treasury. Therefore, with the support of the silver inflow from Dongying and overseas, Shenzong's ten-year national treasury was as high as 98 million taels of silver, 8.2 million stones of grain, and more than 80 million taels of inner treasury.

It seems that the country is rich and the people are strong, and the people are well-to-do, why are there still voices opposing the New Deal?

The two numbers of the first year and the fifteenth year of the Divine Sect are very different in composition. Thirty-three million silver, eighty and a half of which were field endowments, and some grain was purchased and stored, that is, about five to seven million silver for miscellaneous taxes. Of the 98 million figures, because of the grain production in Annam, Northeast China, Besa, Goryeo and other places, especially last year's bumper harvest in Northeast China, the land endowment hit a record high, increasing to 42 million, and the remaining 56 million, 31 million were collected from the local banknotes and cities, 2 million were commercial taxes under the registration system, and more than 3 million were stolen silver, and the remaining 20 million were contributed by the royal industries that were exempt from commercial taxes.

Paying more taxes means creating more wealth, but from the perspective of the landholders, the fruits they get are not much different from those they received a decade or a decade ago, and even if they buy new land and new farming implements, the increase in yield per acre is a drizzle compared to the increase provided by commerce, and even fewer and fewer people are willing to work for them, forcing them to spend more money to hire people to buy machinery.

When they were in power, they naturally wanted to 'restore the old system', repeal the new law protecting merchants and restricting the movement of displaced people, but they did not agree to the law, and for three consecutive years they had to go to the remote mountainous areas to realize this dream. People who don't follow the official career want to change careers to join businessmen, or hug the thighs of the royal industry to make money, and many of them have to spend a lot of money to buy a lesson because of their lack of experience, starting from scratch and being caught by a storm at sea or the Black Death.

The poorer the poorer, the richer the richer, and the reputation and superior status of the nobles have to be maintained by money!

The radical opposition believes that their predicament is caused by the New Deal, and that the royal industry is 'competing with the people' under the protection of the emperor, and does not see that the rice transported from the 'barbarian land' is sold cheaper than our local rice! What do 'Chinese people' earn in this way?! The plough machine of the Industrial Construction Bureau is so expensive, and this money can buy more than 100 tenant farmers in my grandfather's generation! So I implore the emperor to repeal the New Deal and let everything return to its primitiveness!

***********************

As a good student who grew up under the red flag, 'the budding of capitalism' is a word that must be known in the study of politics and economics, and it is really a mysterious thing. Similar to this kind of humanities concept, it is generally summarized with hindsight, and for people who live today, they will not suddenly 'ding' and pop out a voice-over from Mr. Zhao to widely advertise, "Spring is blooming, everything is recovering, and after the rainy season in the African savannah, it is the season of 'budding'."

Gu Ci deeply remembered that the sprout of the West brought about the rapid expansion of European capital to the world, while the sprout of China grew slowly, and before it could be drawn, it was trampled into the mud and used as fertilizer by the Eight-Nation Coalition from the other side of the sea. After so many years of operation in the royal industry, she is no longer the little girl who can only come up with ideas and let the adults operate the operation, although she doesn't know how to judge what is budding and doesn't know how to solve the voice of the opposition, but she can use Yuan Yi to disperse the capital gathered in the inner treasury and realize 'return to the people' as much as possible.

If the Western-style expansion is to obtain a large enough market and use business models and commodities to grab more capital, then Dayu itself has a broad enough volume to accommodate and complete the circular flow of capital, and the capital in the hands of the imperial power can also drive the local capital to gather through administrative means.

At present, at least sixty percent of the merchants in the country and even overseas depend on the royal industry for their livelihood, and the treasury, the inner treasury, the silver rewards of hundreds of civil and military officials, the funds of various schools, armaments and military resources, tens of thousands of employees, and so on are all raised by it, which can generate wealth more than the fields, and the value will only increase. In front of the monster of the royal estate, whether it is to use the power in your hands to expel its influence or encroach on its benefits, it is as difficult as an ant shaking a tree. Whichever emperor he requires, even if he takes back all the shares, as long as he wants it to make a lot of money like now, he has to operate according to the set reward and punishment mechanism.

She dreamed of a virtuous circle of relying on the external competitiveness of the imperial industry to gather Western capital, spending it on infrastructure and military-technical services in Dayu through the hands of the imperial court and the emperor, and maintaining the dumping and superiority of her own products overseas. Even if there is a lack of maritime trade, in the current territory controlled by Dayu, this model can still be realized, to paraphrase the old saying, foreign countries need Dayu, and Dayu does not necessarily need foreign countries.

This model of 'raising the people from outside the world' lasted for a small hundred years, and the new ideas and new classes that should emerge were almost fixed, right? How can you protect that little sprout? No matter how many people come from the Eight-Nation Alliance, it's always okay to fight a protracted war and consume the dead, right?