Section 501 The days of the siege of Warsaw
In fact, the Poles were not unprepared for war. After Poland formed an alliance with Britain and France, and under the threat of German attack, the Polish High Command also formulated a war plan against Germany codenamed "Western Plan". Greatly inferior to the German army in terms of numbers and equipment, Poland was able to dispatch only 39 infantry divisions, 11 cavalry brigades, 3 mountain infantry brigades, 2 armored motorized brigades, and nearly 80 civil defense battalions to resist the invasion. There are 220 light tanks, 650 ultralight tanks, 4,300 artillery pieces and mortars, and 407 aircraft. The Polish Navy has 16 combat ships and auxiliary vessels with a total strength of about 1 million men, and the Supreme Commander is Lodz. Field Marshal Smigway. Before the start of the campaign, the mobilization and deployment of the Polish armed forces was not completed. The Polish command deployed only 24 infantry divisions, 8 cavalry brigades, 1 armored motorized brigade, 3 mountain infantry brigades and 56 civil defense battalions in the intended defensive area. In the early years of the war, the deployment of the Polish army continued. The General Command of the Polish Army planned to implement a strategic defense, deter the enemy, buy time for the actions of the Anglo-French forces and take further actions according to the form. The main forces of the Polish army spread along the German-Polish border, and the northern defense line was occupied by Army Group "Modlin" (2 infantry divisions, 2 cavalry brigades under the commander of General Pushedzimirsky-Krukovich), the "Vyśkov" campaign group (3 infantry divisions) and the "Narev" campaign group (2 infantry divisions, 2 cavalry brigades). In the "Polish corridor" there was Army Group "Pomerania" (5 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry brigade, the commander was General Bortenovsky), in the western part of the Poznan Province - Army Group "Poznan" (4 infantry divisions, 2 cavalry divisions, commander General Kutsheba), Army Group "Lodz" (4 infantry divisions, 2 cavalry divisions, commander General Rummel) served as cover in the direction of Lodz and Warsaw. In the area of Częstochowa, Katowice and Krakow was assembled the army group "Krakow" (7 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry brigade, 1 motorized mechanized brigade, 1 mountain infantry brigade, the commander General Shilinger). The task of defending the southern borders was carried out by the Carpathian Army Group (2 infantry divisions, 2 mountain infantry brigades, 1 motorized mechanized brigade, commander General Fabrich). Army Group "Prussia" (8 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry brigade, commander General Dombu-Bernatsky) was the 2nd echelon, deployed in the Kielce, Tomaszov-Mazovetsky, Radom regions.
But the German →↘dǐng→↘diǎn→↘小→ ↘ says, .2≧3.o●s_(); The victory of the Wehrmacht over the Polish army in such an unexpected way did not change this ambivalence of the Germans. Despite the fact that the propaganda department gave another impression of the "package" of the blitzkrieg on Poland, in fact, the Germans never designed the battle for Poland as a new type of war or even a "blitzkrieg".
Of course, the German generals were aware of their own advantages, especially the fact that they had some of the modern equipment of armored divisions and original Chinese armored forces formed in imitation of China, and they were also aware of the weakness of the Polish army in terms of armored combat power. But except for Heinz?? Guderian, Manstein, and Ewenel. With the exception of the few theorists of a new type of warfare, such as Rommel, the seemingly effortless advance of German tank forces surprised the vast majority of commanders. The motorized vanguard advanced more than 200 kilometers in the first week. Despite sporadic resistance, the infantry marching on foot also advanced 65 kilometers in a matter of days.
On 14 September, the Germans completed a pincer offensive on the Polish capital. The German negotiators demanded that the soldiers and civilians of Warsaw surrender the city without resistance, but the Warsaw government refused without hesitation. Eight days later, Warsaw was fully surrounded. Warsaw is the capital of Poland, bordered by the Vistula River to the west, and is politically, economically, and militarily important. For the Germans, the rapid capture of Warsaw could deal a heavy blow to the Polish army's morale and will to resist, and was conducive to a quick victory in the campaign.
Just a few days after the start of the war, the Polish government and the General Headquarters had to move south, and in the third week of September they fled to Romania, which had been an ally. In view of the fact that Germany had launched the war planes, Romania declared neutrality for security reasons. Poland was thus left alone against the mighty Wehrmacht, and from 17 September onwards resisted the equally formidable Red Army in the east, as Uncle Georgia had come to take the spoils that Sitara had promised him in the secret add-on to the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact signed in August.
Although the Polish Army had been defeated by the Polish Army at the latest after the victory parade of Germany and Red Russia in Brest-Litowsk on September 22, the Polish nation did not give in. More precisely: the Warsaw people did not give in. They know that they will face a brutal occupation regime. They hoped that the Western powers, which had declared war on Sitara immediately after the German invasion of Poland, might still intervene.
The capital was determined not to give in, but Warsaw was not a bastion of war. The city had no fortifications worth mentioning, and had only about 120,000 soldiers, most of whom were stragglers. But the city did not want to surrender. If they surrender, the inhabitants will lose their dignity in addition to their freedom and perhaps their lives. Many would rather die with dignity than live in disgrace. Those who thought differently fled to the surrounding area – although the German tank strikers had surrounded the city from the outskirts, the encirclement did not really close until the third week of September.
From the first day of the war, the Luftwaffe carried out air raids on residential areas, apparently under the blind command of Goering, but when the Battle of Warsaw began, such air raids were noticeably intensified. The declared goal of the Germans was to bomb Warsaw until it lost its ability to resist. Judging from the provisions of international law on war, this practice was still a gray area in this era. Based on lessons learned from the First World War of 1914-1918, the League of Nations negotiated a convention between the two world wars to protect the city from air raids, but the convention never entered into force. German aircraft dropped nearly 1,000 tons of bombs and incendiary bombs in nearly 2,000 air raids, sometimes even throwing full oil drums straight out of the open hatches of transport planes.
Before launching the final round of the offensive, German artillery shelled the makeshift front on the outskirts of Warsaw. Super-heavy train guns and siege mortars were also put into action. The defenders were truly powerless. However, they were able to withstand the first German charge on 25 September. The people of Warsaw, who were still trying to flee at this time, were driven back to the city by targeted fire. Only neutral foreigners were allowed to leave the war zone through a passage led by Chinese and American diplomats, but SS commandos stopped Jews and those they identified as Jews.
Only a week after the outbreak of the war, on September 8, 16 A.C., the vanguard of the German 7th Panzer Group had arrived under the city of Warsaw. According to common sense, the Polish defenders of Warsaw were in a hurry, unprepared, and already showing signs of retreating eastward. For the Germans, the best strategy was to allow the Polish army to withdraw from Warsaw and then encircle and annihilate it, but the Germans did not raid the city by surprise but instead made a detour to surround it and then advance eastward, causing the Polish army to resist desperately, and the Germans did not conquer the city until September 28, 1939. Of course, there are elements of heroic resistance of the Polish army, but the main thing is the intervention of Sitara, and it has to be said that in terms of specific tactical command, this mustachioed madman is still very unqualified, which may be an important reason why he can only be called an Austrian corporal. In the words of General Beck, "That neurotic Austrian corporal, having him command ten machine guns is a crime against the Imperial ** team." And this diǎn many people may overlook.
On 9 September, the day after the Germans arrived under Warsaw, Sitara issued Order No. 3 calling for the army and air forces attacking Poland to be ready to move to the Western Front. It turned out that on this day, the French 4th Army on the Western Front launched a tentative attack on the Germans, and Sitara was very worried that this was the prelude to a large-scale attack by the other side. In order to prevent a two-front battle, Germany, as a company, needs to conserve its strength, especially the strength of the armored forces and the air force, so that it can quickly move westward if the situation is urgent. However, until the intentions of the French army were clarified, the German army should not be transferred to the Western Front, and could only be in a state of readiness. At the same time, for the German army, it is also necessary to prepare for the fact that it will still have the strength to rely on the remaining troops to defeat the Polish army after the transfer of troops to the west, which requires it to seize the time before the transfer to encircle and annihilate the Polish army as much as possible, so as to reduce the pressure of the confrontation between the Polish army on the eastern front in the future. If the Polish defenders of Warsaw were allowed to withdraw eastward, it would be difficult for the Germans to ensure that they could catch up with and annihilate the 120,000-strong force before moving westward, and the French army's actions on the 9th were clearly aimed at the arrival of the German army in Warsaw at night on the 8th. The German army's strategy of encircling Warsaw without restraint should be said to be quite clever, on the one hand, it was conducive to stabilizing the French army, and on the other hand, it could buy time to annihilate more Polish troops.
It was for this purpose that the Germans blocked the Polish army, which was preparing to retreat eastward, back to Warsaw, and abandoned the victory of the rapid capture of Warsaw, and turned eastward in order to annihilate more Polish troops and their new corps, and lay the foundation for the final victory. Sure enough, a few days later, on September 12, according to the instructions of the British and French tops, the French offensive was stopped. On September 13, the Germans approached the Brest Fortress. This time, the Germans reversed the previous siege of Warsaw and did not resist it, but concentrated their forces to conquer the city after four days, and then formed a siege of all the Polish troops west of the Bug River.
In the process of conquering the fortress, in order to prevent the French from launching another offensive and due to the lack of troops to guide the attack on the fortress due to the lack of troops in the Warsaw Polish army, the German army requested the Red Russians to send troops on September 15. This request is right in the hands of Comrade Uncle Georgia. When the countries of the world were stunned to see Poland's record of losing the country in a week, the polar bear who couldn't hold back the spring heart of the Polish land made a move. Red Russia, which had already negotiated with Germany to recover Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, which was occupied by Poland west of the Curzon Line, was never in a position to do so because of the non-aggression pact with Poland. The flight of the Polish government finally gave Red Russia an excuse to send troops to Poland "decently". The Red Russian government declared that the Soviet-Polish non-aggression pact was no longer valid since the Polish government no longer existed. "In order to protect the interests of the Ukrainian and Belarusian minorities," the Red Russians decided to station in the regions of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus in eastern Poland. Two days later, on September 17, the Red Russian Belorussian Front (under the 3rd, 4th, 10th, and 11th armies, as well as the cavalry mechanized group and the 1st Separate Infantry Army) and the Ukrainian Front (under the 5th, 6th, and 12th armies) marched into eastern Poland under the command of Kovalev and Timoshenko, respectively. This action immediately pinned down and attracted more than 300,000 troops east of Brest, so that the Germans also quickly conquered the fortress.