More than 30 years later, China has become a world power, and people at this time can also reflect on the history of that dynasty at the end of the 19th century more rationally. At this time, the historical circles had a relatively unified evaluation of the Wuchang Revolution. The descendants of the revolutionary party regarded Qiao Fu as the founding father of the Republic of China and the Wuchang Revolution as the successful revolution they led, and naturally gave the Wuchang Revolution a very high evaluation, believing that the Wuchang Revolution was the starting point of modern Chinese history and the most important key to China's development into a democratic and modern country. In 1931, at the meeting of the former revolutionary party to commemorate the Wuchang Uprising, the "Declaration of the Shanghai People's Wuchang Uprising Memorial Conference" pointed out that "the Wuchang Revolution contains at least two layers of great significance, first, the success of a part of the national revolution, and second, the establishment of the civil rights revolution...... In addition to the racial revolution, a new era of political revolution in Chinese history will be opened". While affirming that the Wuchang Revolution has two meanings, he has some reservations about the success of the national revolution, and the part of the national revolution that failed to succeed should refer to the fact that "the oppression of us by the imperialists is still the same", so that the anti-imperialist connotation was added to the nature of the Wuchang Revolution, which is an extension of the nature of the Wuchang Revolution. Later social activists further elaborated on the significance of the Wuchang Revolution and anti-imperialist in Pan Gongzhan's article "The Wuchang Revolution and the Founding of the Republic", praising the Wuchang Revolution as "a pioneering initiative of the national revolutionary movement of the oppressed nations".

However, in the land of China after the Wuchang Uprising, all forces are trying to seek only a way of peaceful reunification. While the afterglow of being elected pro tempore was still in place, Jov had already begun to work on the important task of negotiating peace between the North and the South. After everyone took their seats in the temporarily rented conference room, Jof was anxious to learn about the peace talks. Wu Tingfang reported: "Four armistice agreements have been reached with Tang Shaoyi, the representative of Beiyang, and the north and the south have also recognized the constitutional form of government. Tomorrow, the Tang clan will send a telegram to Cao Kun to ask the National Assembly to be convened to discuss the matter of a monarchical democracy. Tang also conveyed Cao Kun's entrustment: If the south can elect him as president, it will not be a problem for the Qing family to abdicate. However, the Cao family was afraid of being Cao Cao and Wang Mang and losing infamy through the ages, so they wanted the southern party to put him on the presidency. ”

"I have stated many times that if Cao Kun can overthrow the 260-year-old autocracy of the Manchu Qing Dynasty as soon as possible, he will have the most to occupy the presidency, and the president of the republic will be nothing more than a servant of the people." ”

Huang Kedi interjected at this time: "Before Mr. came to Shanghai, the foreign legation of the great powers in Beijing went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing court and said that if China could peacefully armistice and preside over the constitution, the whole world would look forward to it; If we rush to establish a republic, we may not be able to do it at the time, and it will also cause the scourge of strife in the hinterland, which is really not a blessing for China. It seems that the great powers are not good to me. ”

"In particular, the Japanese government is hateful," Wang Zhaoming also said indignantly, "and the Japanese government thought that the Qing government would certainly ask Japan to send troops to help China quell the civil strife, and if there was a riot in the three eastern provinces, the Japanese and Russian governments would immediately send troops without waiting for the consent of all countries." At the same time, however, the Japanese government negotiated with the leaders of Hubei and Shanghai, hoping that the rebel army would establish a republic in southern China and place it under Japanese protection, and give a number of road and mining rights. At the same time, Japan secretly aided the Manchu princes in opposing Yuan Shikai, and the Japanese minister Ijiin Hikichi even warned Yuan that he would never recognize China's re-establishment of the republic. When Yuan summoned Hikoyoshi of Ijiin to seek the Japanese government's opinion on cleaning up the situation, Yishi always advocated that China must not be a constitutional monarchy. ”

"Homer warned me the day before yesterday that our republic, like the United States, can only retain its beauty and freedom by the sword," said Coff. China's enemies are historical conciliationism, political corruption, and Japan. If I can't fight these three common enemies, I can't do anything about this country. It seems that Homer's words are quite to the point, and the Japanese government is indeed the enemy who prevents us from practicing a republic! Wang Zhaoming originally wanted to advise Qiao Fu not to rush to become the provisional president of the Republic of China, so as not to make Cao Kun's heart cold, but Qiao Fu then said categorically: "The republican form of government is the trend of the world, who can stop it!" Wang Zhaoming didn't want to say anything.

The next day, the head of the headquarters of the League in Shanghai hosted a banquet for Qiao Fu in Hartung Garden to discuss Qiao Fu's appointment as provisional president. Early in the morning, Qiao Fu, Huang Kedi, Chen Qimei, Hu Chuanru, Ma Junwu, Ju Zheng, Zhang Ji and others came to the garden.

After the discussion began, Huang Kedi immediately said to everyone: "Mr. Qiao has returned to China, and the military and civilians in the south have a home. However, the most powerful in the country was the Council of the Six Provinces, which declared independence. That is, our old friend Wu Chenxuan, in addition to the abdication of the Qing Dynasty and the guardianship of national treasures in the Forbidden City and other places, he does not say a word about the national system, just like a sword of Damox hanging, whoever is the president will not feel good, let alone the interim president. ”

After Huang Ke's hostile words were finished, Hu Chuanru immediately asked: "What does it mean to defeat the enemy's brother, is the interim president the transitional president?" Can Cao Kunguo support the republic and live up to expectations? Then Wu Chenxuan wouldn't want to openly provoke a civil war and snatch the presidency, right? ”

Huang Kedi said: "At present, the progress of peace talks with Tang Shaoyi, a representative of the north, is very slow, and it is difficult to predict whether Cao Kun can immediately abdicate Xuantong and implement a republican form of government. However, to promote the abdication of the Qing room, the Cao family has long had this intention in his heart. Gu Zhongchen, chief of staff of the Jiangnan New Army, recently signed a secret agreement with Liao Yuchun, a representative of the Third Town of the Beiyang Army, agreeing that the first to overthrow the Qing dynasty will be the president. I also said that if the Cao family can overthrow the Qing dynasty, it will not be a problem to become the president. ”

After that, he took out the agreement made by Gu and Liao and asked Qiao Fu to read it. After reading it, Qiao Fu said solemnly: "The intention of making peace with the Cao family is to implement a republic, and the establishment of a republican government in Nanjing can enable half of the people to live under a republican form of government. If I take office as interim president, I will do my best to promote a republic, and I will abdicate according to the changes in the situation, and I will never lose my trust in the north. ”

While everyone was talking, Song Jiaoren hurriedly came in. The reason why he was late was because he went to form a cabinet with Zhang Binglin, Zhang Jian, Zhao Fengchang, Tang Hualong and others. At first, after Zhang Binglin returned to Shanghai from Japan, he immediately preached that "the revolutionary army rises, and the revolutionary party disappears," which was quite popular with Zhang Jian, Tang Hualong, and others. Because of the estrangement with Qiao Fu, Zhang Binglin urged Huang Kedi to form a provisional government as soon as possible after Huang Kedi arrived in Shanghai, and wanted to jointly elect Song Jiaoren with Zhang Jian to form a cabinet. He said to Zhang Jian: "If you raise the president, you will defeat the enemy with merit, Song Jiaoren with talent, and Hu Chuanru with virtue." According to the foolish opinion, only Song Jun came forward to form a cabinet to build an excellent government. Zhang Jian expressed his appreciation for this discussion. Song Jiaoren saw that he had the support of celebrities such as Zhang Binglin and Zhang Jian, and even thought of rejecting Qiao Fu. His plan was to make Huang Kedi the president and himself the prime minister.

Therefore, Song Jiaoren not only opposed Qiaofu's appointment as president at the beginning, but even ignored Qiaofu's arrival in Shanghai. When Bei Yihui rushed to Nanjing to persuade him to support Qiaofu, he also said indignantly: "Your generalissimo's proposition is wrong!" If Jof tries to mislead things with empty words, I have troops, and I will never allow the men he sent to set foot in the city gates! It was only later that Zhang Jiye came from Shanghai to persuade him, and he changed his attitude and returned to Shanghai. On the night he returned to Shanghai, Song Jiaoren first discussed with Huang Kedi. His meaning was very resolute: to support Huang Kedi as president. However, Huang Kedi was humble and tried his best to elect Qiao Fu as president, despite his close relationship with Song Jiaoren. Huang Ke said to Song Jiaoren: "Mr. Qiao is the prime minister of the League, and when he does not return to China, I can represent the League. Now that he is here, we should unanimously support him. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was victorious at first and established its capital in Nanjing, but it was defeated by several leaders vying for power and profit, and we should take this as a warning. Seeing that Song Jiaoren still wanted to persuade, Huang Kedi said again: "Since the day Mr. Qiao arrived in Shanghai, welcome letters from all provinces across the country have been flying like snowflakes. It shows that he has a high prestige in the eyes of the Chinese people. After speaking, he showed Song Jiaoren many copies of telegrams welcoming Qiaofu.

Song Jiaoren took these telegrams and flipped through them. First of all, the first thing that caught my eye was the welcome telegram from Tan Yanmin, the governor of Hunan's hometown, and his electric cloud: "When I heard that the prince arrived in Shanghai, the flying lightning came, and the giant leap was three hundred, on behalf of the millions of people in Hunan welcome, long live Mr., long live the Republic of China." ”

The next one is a welcome message from Sun Yuyun, the governor of Anhui: "Xiang Wentai is coming to Shanghai, and the overall situation will be salvageable, and a representative has been sent to Shanghai to welcome him." ”

Next was the welcome message from Gui Governor Lu Rongting and Wang Zhixiang: "Mr. exhorts our people, advocates the United States with the republic, ascends to the heights, and turns around." Where the flesh and blood are strong, they do not drink and eat morality, and the sea and the sea look at the same people, and the bandits are day and night. Today, it is a matter of national happiness. ”

The official telegram from the Jiangxi Military Government and the whole army, gentry, businessmen, and academics was: "The big festival arrives in Shen, and the military and people of Jiangxi Province are both celebrated." In addition to the fact that he has sent representatives to welcome him in Shanghai, he hereby sends a message of congratulations to the people who have recovered the motherland and organized a republic. ”

Xu Chongzhi, commander-in-chief of the Northern Dynasties of Fujian, sent a message of welcome: "Mr. advocated republicanism and galloped overseas, and he was prepared for dangers and difficulties, and he has been consistent for 20 years, so that the Han nationality has no thoughts today. I heard that Taiwan drove back to Shanghai, and the officers and soldiers of Fujian were very welcome. ”

In addition, there are many welcome messages from independent regions and congratulatory messages from overseas Chinese.

After reading these telegrams, Song Jiaoren's heart was deeply shaken, and he immediately felt that Qiao Fu was deeply expected by the public, and he was the president. However, although he changed his mind about making Huang Kedi president, he believed that he still had a part in the initiation of the Wuchang Uprising and the restoration of Nanjing, and that he also had outstanding ability to govern the country, so he revealed to Huang Kedi that the new government planned to implement a cabinet system, and he intended to become the chief of internal affairs himself. In this regard, Huang Kedi did not say anything.

After Song Jiaoren entered the conference hall, he saw that all the party members had the intention of making Jov interim president, and they strongly agreed. As soon as he took his seat, he said: "Mr. Qiao is a central figure in the revolution and can entangle people's hearts. The appointment of Mr. Qiao as the president of the provisional government is the desire of the people, and I am very willing to support him. ”

Chen Qimei, who was sitting next to him, saw that Song Jiaoren had changed his attitude, and said happily: "What he said at the beginning of the day is in line with the will of the people. Even Dunchu also supports Mr. Qiao like this, which shows that Mr. Qiao is the president of the people. ”

However, Song Jiaoren did not wait for Chen Qimei to finish speaking, but interjected: "However, the democratic republican system adopted by the revolutionary government is actually a cabinet responsibility system, and a competent person should be elected to form a cabinet. "He really made a fuss about the cabinet system.

Seeing that this guy intends to put himself as a temporary president as a tablet, he naturally disagrees: "The cabinet system does not allow the head of state to be the political crunch in peacetime, so it is absolutely not appropriate for the prime minister to be responsible to the Congress." We cannot restore the law of restraint against the only one who is believed in the election. I also refuse to favor the opinions of others, and I regard myself as a sacred wart in order to mislead the great plan of the revolution. ”

"Good!" Hu Chuanru did not wait for Qiao Fu to finish speaking, and then spoke in favor, "Except for Mr., there is no second person who can say this, and we can only do what Mr. will do." ”

Huang Kedi, Chen Qimei, Wang Zhaoming, and others also expressed their approval of the presidential system, but Song Jiaoren still insisted on implementing the premier's cabinet system. Joff patiently explained to him: "If I am appointed interim president, I will only be waiting for a vacant position. If Cao Kun can make the Qing Emperor abdicate, we still say that the Manchu Qing Dynasty has been overthrown, and then we can't afford to fight, and it is not too late for the north and south to discuss peace, and then discuss the cabinet system. I will telegraph this to Yuan Weitingjun. ”

But no matter how Qiao Fu explained, Song Jiaoren always repeatedly stated his own ideas. Seeing this, Qiao Fu asked Zhang Ji to discuss the matter of the prime minister's candidate with Song Jiaoren. When Song Jiaoren saw that Qiao Fu agreed to form a cabinet, he consulted with Ju Zheng, Tian Tong, Lu Zhiyi and others, and jointly recommended Huang Kedi as the prime minister.

The republican system had already begun to take shape at this meeting in Shanghai, but the participants did not expect that in the future history, such a state system would become the best stage for conflicts again and again, and when they looked deeply, the turmoil in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China also originated from those people in the here and now.