Chapter 576: Everyone's Opinion!

"The Western Hemisphere is the "backyard" of the United States, a region with a high safety factor, and the United States wants to increase oil imports from the Western Hemisphere. The Middle East and Africa, where the main OPEC members are located, are politically dangerous areas with a low safety factor, and the United States wants to reduce oil imports. In fact, from 1990 to 1996, the proportion of oil imports from the Western Hemisphere rose from 38 to 5, while the proportion of oil imports from the Middle East and Africa fell from 52 percent to 3,898, including from 31 to 20 percent from the Middle East. ”

"Ensuring oil supplies in the Middle East with military strength and controlling the development and transportation of oil in the Caspian Sea can effectively protect the U.S. economy from the external threat of energy supply disruptions and minimize the adverse impact on the economy caused by the reduction of oil exports in a certain region. This has always been the practice of the United States, and it is also very effective, but our country still does not pay enough attention to overseas minerals and oil fields compared to the United States. My opinion is that we have to come up with some charter. ≡ old man said.

The old man did not say yes or disagree, but only suggested that the state come up with regulations for dealing with overseas minerals and oil fields.

"To participate in the development of global mineral resources, we must focus on China's current and future shortage of minerals according to the specific situation of China's mineral resources, especially oil, iron-rich ore, copper, manganese ore, potash and other minerals. This is because: iron, China has large reserves, but the grade is low. At present, China is the world's largest iron ore producer, accounting for about 4% of the world's iron ore production. However, due to the low grade of ore, China is the second largest importer of iron ore after Japan. China's iron ore imports account for 1% of the world's total exports. Manganese, China's manganese ore reserves rank fourth in the world, and production ranks first in the world. The main problem is that there are many manganese carbonate type poor ores, and foreign countries are manganese oxide type rich ores. ”

"Let's talk about oil. Oil, which produced less than 120,000 tons in 1949, broke through the 100 million ton mark in 1978, and now produces 1.6 billion tons. From 1987 to the present, China's oil reserves ranked 11th in the world has not changed, but oil production has dropped from the fifth place in the world to the seventh place. We estimate that from 1991, the year after that, to enter the ranks of net importers, from oil exporters to net importers. In addition, during the same period, oil in China's total primary energy production fell from 21 to 17. At present, China's oil demand is growing by an average of 108% per year, while the growth of production is only %. It is becoming more and more difficult to stabilize the production of old oil fields in eastern China, and it is unrealistic to significantly increase production in the construction of new areas in the western region in the near future, and the gap between oil supply and demand is widening, and the supply is becoming more tight, and it is inevitable to increase imports. ”

"The other is copper, copper, which is always a shortage of mineral products in our country. Since 1975 to the present, the self-sufficiency rate of copper has been maintained at 60%~70%, and it dropped to ~528 in the mid-80s. China's consumption of copper is at its peak, and it is the third largest consumer after the United States and Japan. At present, it ranks second in the world in terms of imports of copper ore, copper and copper products. According to the current growth rate of China's copper consumption, an increase in imports is inevitable. ”

"Our country is an economic powerhouse, and it is impossible to rely on imports for everything. If we rely on imports for everything, it is definitely a burden for our country, and it is very likely that Western countries will control the economic lifeline of our country. Therefore, on the issue of mineral deposits and oil, my opinion is to maximize the development of overseas oil fields and mineral deposits, and to minimize the intensity of domestic exploitation. ”

A member of the Standing Committee in charge of land, resources and energy said so.

"Our country is an economic powerhouse and cannot rely on imports for everything. This view is completely correct in theory. Strive not to import, all rely on self-reliance, this is of course perfect. However, the objective fact that we are such a large country with small per capita mineral resources and large total consumption determines that we must seek stable supply channels in foreign markets for the minerals that are very short of the above-mentioned minerals. ”

"There are three ways to use foreign mineral resources: buying mines from the international market, buying out foreign mines, or buying equity mines, sole proprietorships or joint ventures, and going abroad for risk exploration and development. These three approaches have their own strengths and complement each other. In the past, the main problem with China's mineral imports, i.e., buying minerals from the international market, was that the import method was simple, mainly short-term contracts, including intergovernmental agreements, processing trade, barter trade, and general spot trading. Some people in the West said that at the peak of international copper price fluctuations in early 1983, China signed several large contracts and raised copper pricesIn the late summer of 1987, when the average copper price on the London Metal Exchange was as high as 100 million US dollars per tonne, China also bought copper, which they called "very surprising metal trading activities". Of course, we also have successful examples. In December 1987, China took advantage of the low world copper price to carry out as many as 136.63 million tons of copper trading, equivalent to the world's total copper exports, which also made us a lot of money"

"The experience of the world's developed countries shows that the most effective way to ensure the supply of foreign mineral products is to support domestic multinational mining companies to establish a supply base of foreign mineral resources with a large amount of capital and technology investment. In our current fashionable words, we go abroad to carry out risk exploration and development of mineral resources. If we establish a supply base for mineral raw materials in a resource country, grasp or control the initiative in mineral exploration and development, or jointly open mines and obtain a share of the product, we may obtain a low-priced, long-term and stable supply channel. According to some data, the average investment in exploration and development funds for the construction of oilfields with an output of 10,000 tons in China is 3.5 billion yuan, while the investment in obtaining an annual output of 10,000 tons of oil abroad is only about 200 million US dollars. In foreign countries, such as Japan, some people have even suggested that the method of other people researching, others prospecting, and other people digging up minerals will not work in the 21 st century. Therefore, it advocates the so-called "government-aided development". In fact, Japan and Western European countries have obtained a share of more than 2% of mineral imports through exploration and development. After the 70s, Japan began to participate in foreign oil development, thus obtaining 10,000 tons of oil every year, accounting for more than 20% of Japan's total imports. There is still no unified opinion in our country on this matter, which will have a great impact on the development of our country in the future and even in the next 50 years. ”

"In the mid-to-late 80s, the country went abroad to carry out cooperative development of mineral resources and risk exploration. The metallurgical sector was the first to go abroad to develop foreign mines in joint ventures. The more remarkable achievements are the oil and gas sector that 84 began to engage in risk exploration and development abroad. However, the geological and mineral resources department is still in the initial stage of "small fights" to explore mineral resources abroad. So far, the main examples of China's exploration and development of mineral resources abroad are: participating in the development of Australia's Chana iron mine, and China's investment accounts for 40% of the shares. In 1987, the Chana Iron Mine was completed, and all the ore produced was exported. Last year, the annual output reached more than 4 million tons, and it is expected to reach 6 million tons in 1990. In addition, Anshan Iron and Steel has purchased two obsolete mines in Australia, accounting for 40% of the shares, and the products underwritten are all managed by the Australian side. ”

"China has a 50% stake in a joint venture to mine a chromite project in South Africa.

Shougang's purchase of Peru's largest iron ore mine, Macona, could be a failed operation. According to several foreign mining magazines, the iron ore was originally estimated to have reserves of 1.4 billion tons, but the actual reserves were only 400 million tons. The Peruvian steel company that operates the mine proposed a bid of 02~0 billion US dollars. Shougang won the bid several times higher than another multinational consortium, consisting of five companies from Switzerland, Chile, Mexico and Japan. In addition to the $1.2 billion sticker, Shougang pledged to invest an additional $1.5 billion over the next three years to modernize mining and to take on an estimated $41.8 million in debt. Vice Chairman Yang looked at the information in his hand and said.

In fact, since 83 years, China's two major onshore and offshore oil and gas companies have successively carried out some oil and gas exploration and development projects in Thailand, Sudan, Canada, Peru, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Venezuela, Indonesia and other countries, and obtained a number of recoverable oil reserves and shares of oil products. For example, in 1984, Peru took over the Talara field, which had been developed for nearly a year, and increased annual crude oil production from 80,000 tons to 320,000 tons. In September 1986, China's first shipment of crude oil mined from abroad arrived in Qinhuangdao, which was extracted from the Talala oilfield. In 1987, China National Petroleum Corporation, together with oil companies from Malaysia and Canada, jointly developed Sudan's oil fields with the Sudanese government, and the Chinese side held 4‰ of the shares. In November 1, it entered Venezuela and obtained two oil fields with recoverable reserves of 100 million tons through bidding. CNOOC also bought a 3,951% stake in the Malacca oil field in Indonesia, which can be divided into 380,000 tons of crude oil.

According to the old man's proposal, it was finally agreed that Lin Yu would invest forty percent of the shares in the oil fields, so that these oil fields could also be played in the name of Lin Yu's industry, so that Africa and Western countries could not put forward any opinions. The most important thing is the four oil fields that Lin Yu mentioned, if Lin Yu can do it within three years, the output of the state's oil fields will increase to 20 million tons per year, so that at least 70 million tons of oil can be obtained from Africa every year, and the situation of national oil shortage will no longer exist.

Another thing that Lin Yu said was very controversial, and he didn't discuss a result that day, so he could only continue to discuss it the next day.

Three days later, the Standing Committee finally made a decision to cooperate with the mercenaries, but externally in the name of Indonesia. However, there are also conditions that weapon technology is limited to guns, and all of them are domestic middle and lower technology. China will set up a supervisor in Lin Yu's military factory to record the production quantity and use of the weapons produced, and the state must clearly know the true purpose of Lin Yu's weapons. Clear