[[[CP|W:200|H:126|A:L|U:http://file1.qidian.com/chapters/20136/3/2689893635058193604358683203290.jpg]]] A species of the genus Snake of the family Snake family, also known as the fire red chain. Snakes found in all provinces of China (except Ningxia and the Tibetan Plateau). It is about 1 meter long and has a black-brown back. It is named because it has more than 60 narrow red horizontal stripes. The dorsal scales are smooth, or the central few rows of the posterior segment are slightly ridged. Buccal scales often enter the orbit. The dorsal head is black, the scale margin is red, there is a "∧" shaped red spot on the occipital part, and there is a black stripe behind the orbit that reaches the 7th upper lip scale backwards. The red chain snake inhabits plains, hills, and mountainous areas, and is commonly found near fields, hillsides, roadsides, bamboo forests, cottages, and waters, and sometimes enters dwellings. It is often curled up in a ball and lies under the grass. Mostly in the evening. Feeds on fish, frogs, toads, lizards, snakes, birds, etc.

Chinese scientific name: red chain snake

Latin scientific name: Dinodon

Other names: red spotted snake, fire red chain, mulberry snake

Two name method: Dinodonrufozonatum

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordates

Subphylum: Subphylum Vertebrates

Class: Reptile

Subclass: Double-pore subclass

Order: Lepidaceae

Suborder: Suborder Snake

Family: Snake family

Subfamily: Subfamily Snakes

Genus: Snake spp

Species: Red chain snake

Distribution: North Korea, Japan, Taiwan Island and Chinese mainland

Morphological characteristics

Chain snake (can also be called red pockmark), 1-1.5m in length. The head is broad and flattened, the head is black, the occipital part has a red "∧" shaped spot, the dorsal body is black-brown, with most (over 60) red narrow transverse spots, the ventral surface is grayish-yellow, and the abdominal scales are mixed with black-brown spots on both sides. The eyes are small, the pupils are erect, oval. buccal scales 1, often orbital; preorbital scales 1 (2), postorbital scales 2; Temporal scales 2+3, upper lip scales 2-3-3 or 3-2-3 (2-2-3) formula. dorsal scales 19(21)-17(19)-15(17) rows, the middle segment is smooth; ventral scales 184-225; Anal scales intact, caudal scales 45-95 pairs.

Animal form

The body length can reach 1.2 meters. The head is slightly flattened and oval. The snout scales are high and can be seen from the back. The internasal scales are small, and the anterior end is elliptical. The frontal scales are short, about equal in length to the anterior edge of the nasal scales. The cranial parietal scales are long and large, and are the sum of the frontal and forehead scales. Small scales on the eyes. The cheek scales are narrow and long, entering the eyes, and the lower part is connected to the second and third upper lip scales. 8 upper lip scales. The scales in front of the eyes are small, 1 piece, not reaching the dorsum of the head; There are 2 scales at the back of the eyes, occasionally 3. anterior temporal scales 2, one underneath extra-large; Posterior temporal scales 3. The nostrils are located between the 2 nasal scales and have valves. There are 10 lower lip scales, and the anterior chin scales are larger than the posterior chin scales, and they are connected to the first 4 lower lip scales. There are 2 pairs of small scales between the posterior chin scale and the first ventral scale. The scales are smooth, with several rows of faint ridges in the posterior part of the dorsal center. Rows 19~17~15. There are 187~207 ventral scales, single anal scales, and 64~79 pairs of caudal scales. The dorsal surface of the body is black, with about 70 narrow red horizontal stripes; Head scales are black with distinct red edges. There is a "Ya" pattern on the back of the head. The abdomen is white, with grayish-black dots scattered in front of the anus. Sometimes the undertail is all grayish-black.

dwelling in the fields; Villages and areas near water sources. Feeds on frogs, lizards and fish. It is distributed in BJ, ZJ, JS, AH, JX, FJ, Taiwan, GD, SC, YN, HuN, HuB, SD, SX, HeB, HeN and other places. It is widely distributed

Most of them live in fields, rivers, hills and near waters, and often appear around houses, and are often found in the hospitalization of villagers (rare in mountainous areas, suburbs around cities, and gardens in the city). It is nested in tree holes, grave holes, ground holes or stone piles and tiles, and is mostly found in abandoned earthen kilns in the wild and nearby. It is a nocturnal snake that mostly haunts in the evening and is active frequently after 10 p.m. Hiding in the cracks of the wall, stones, and caves during the day, when encountering enemies, first bury the head deep under the body, wagging the tail to warn, if the warning is ineffective, it will bend into an S shape and attack, wild individuals are more ferocious, once they are caught, they will bite indiscriminately, especially like to bite soft things, and have the habit of biting people, but after a period of contact with people, it will be greatly improved.

pharmachologic effect

1. Anti-inflammatory effect, red chain snake water and alcohol extract have obvious anti-inflammatory effect. Intragastric administration of 20g/kg, 10g/kg alcohol and water extract had a significant inhibitory effect on foot swelling in egg white and agar rats, and the efficacy was similar to that of hydrocortisone 15mg/kg, and different doses of water and alcohol extracts could also significantly inhibit otitis swelling in mice caused by xylene.

2. Analgesic effect, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical (potassium antimony tartrate) stimulation can prove that the red chain snake water and alcohol extract have obvious analgesic effects, especially for chemical stimulation and analgesic effect, and the effect on thermal stimulation is the weakest.

3. Sedative and hypnotic effect, intragastric administration of 50% alcohol extract of this product has a strong hypnotic effect on the subthreshold hypnotic dose of sodium pentobarbital, and has the effect of inhibiting the spontaneous activity of mice, and can also prolong the sleep time of sodium pentobarbital in mice; The 100% alcohol extract had obvious direct hypnotic effect on mice, and the intensity was comparable to that of 35mg/kg sodium pentobarbital, and the effect of the aqueous extract was not obvious.

4. Anticonvulsant effect, red chain snake alcohol extract has anti-and protective effects on Huisuling, strychnine, and electric gram to convulsion, and the effect of 100% alcohol extract 20g/kg is particularly obvious. The strength is comparable to that of 25mg/kg sodium phenobarbital, and the aqueous extract has no effect.

Trait habits

The head of the red-chain snake is flattened and distinctly triangular, with a black head, red scales on the edge of the head, and high scales from the snout, which can be seen from the back. The dorsal surface of the body is black, with about 70 narrow red horizontal markings. The body is flanked by scattered black markings, with dark brown spots on the outside of the ventral scales, and the ventral surface is pale yellow or white. The tail is short, thin, and has a standard viper tail, sometimes grayish-black under the tail. This snake is a neutral snake, with a body length of more than 1.5 meters, a weight of about 1000~1250 grams, and the largest one can reach 1500 grams.

The red chain snake mainly inhabits fields, villages, houses and near water sources, and is often found in the hospitalization of villagers. It mostly comes out in the evening and is a nocturnal snake. After 10 p.m., he is active and mild, curled up during the day, and has his head coiled under his body. He doesn't take the initiative to attack people, he is lazy and doesn't like to move, and he crawls slowly. However, when frightened, it is agile and has a clear target for biting. Mainly feed on toads, freshwater small trash fish, loaches, chicks, young birds and rodents, this snake has a snake-eating habit, and devours the same kind when the food supply is insufficient, and should be paid attention to when breeding. This snake reproduces oviparous, mates in 5~6 months, lays eggs in 7~8 months, 7~15 pieces per lay, and the incubation period is 40~50 days.

Feeding habits

The red chain snake has a strong appetite and feeds every 7~8 days. Snakes weighing about 500 grams can swallow 2~3 small trash fish each time, and up to 5 at a time. Small young snakes tens of centimeters long can also swallow larger toads. During ingestion, mutual bites or swallowing may occur, especially when food is scarce. This requires that when feeding, there needs to be a special person waiting, and the presence of someone does not affect its swallowing. In this case, pinch the neck of a snake to let it loosen its mouth and force it to loosen it; Or take the method introduced in the article "A small pair of scissors, skillfully divide the snake food" already introduced.

When feeding, you can take turns feeding some water snakes, miscellaneous snakes, rats and loaches, etc., to try to diversify the bait. The red chain snake likes to lie still after swallowing, so don't disturb it at this time. If frightened excessively, they will spit out food in their stomachs, even if they swallow a piece of their own kind. Regarding the practice and method of eating dead food after domestication, there have been auspicious introductions earlier. I won't go into detail here.

Disease prevention

The red chain snake survives in a suitable environment and rarely gets sick, and it is a species with a lower mortality rate among the species bred in captivity, and its vitality is stronger, which is also the main reason why people breed the snake in large quantities. However, the snake often has stomatitis after hibernation or shortly after stinging. Disinfection should be strengthened, and isolation and treatment should be carried out in time to prevent mutual infection. Snake farms and snake nests should be kept clean and dry during the midsummer and rainy seasons. Once the ambient humidity reaches more than 85%, the snake is susceptible to mildew disease. This disease is the most harmful to the snake, no less harmful than pneumonia, and the specific treatment can be prevented and treated with reference to the following methods.

In order to better eliminate and prevent the above-mentioned snake diseases, the snake farm should be cleaned frequently and the drinking water should be changed regularly during the breeding season. Avoid excessive humidity in the field and nest, ensure the ventilation of the snake field, and regularly give all-round thorough disinfection, that is, continuous disinfection for 7~10 days, 1 time in the morning and 1 time in the evening.

Feeding points

The red chain snake is reared for family fun, and its terrarium is made of transparent plastic, glass or plexiglass, which is easy to see. The size of the box is 100 cm × 50 cm × (60~70) cm, and the lid is made of barbed wire that is both well ventilated and firm. It can also be raised in wooden boxes, but the wooden boxes should be lined with a layer of barbed wire to prevent them from breaking through the wooden boxes and escaping.

To match their preference for a dark, damp environment, they can place sunken wood or stones in the terrarium for hiding, or spread a little moss to keep them moist and provide a water container for swimming. The bottom layer of the box should be covered with a layer of 5~6 cm thick tidal sand, and a layer of paper should be padded on the sand, which is convenient to remove and replace the dirt when cleaning, so as not to fall into the sand and not be easy to deal with. Even so, the sand should be replaced with a new one every once in a while. A ceramic or porcelain plate or sink should be placed in the box, and the water should be changed every day. The life of a snake is inseparable from water. In addition, 2~3 sections of branches thicker than the snake body and 1~2 pieces of half-damaged large bowls or clay jars should be placed in the box, upside down on the paper, and the tree segments should be used for the snake to rest and play on it, and the broken jar (bowl) should be used for the snake to hide and hide inside, so that it can live more comfortably.

Red chain snakes have a wide range of food, like dark and damp, when breeding, we must pay attention to ventilation, water cleanliness and provide hygienic food, otherwise it will get mouth ulcers and skin diseases. This breed is relatively hardy, does not need to be heated indoors, and has hibernation habits, providing a hidden place for it to hibernate at this time.

It is best to start raising young snakes. The way to raise a baby snake is very simple, keep it in a cave cage, and just supply fresh food every day. Newborn baby snakes do not eat, because the yolk in their abdomen can be maintained for 6~7 days. With the depletion of nutrients accumulated in the body such as egg yolk, after 8~12 days of the first molt, the snake begins to eat, at this time the activity ability is gradually strengthened, and begins to feed the larvae of small insects, small fish and shrimp and tadpoles and other live food, and then after a few days to feed the general adult snake food, do not feed every day, feed once every 3~5 days. After that, baby frogs, mice, small fish, lizards and other live insects can be fed.

The red chain snake has a strong ability to adapt to breeding conditions such as temperature, humidity and environment, and is easy to raise and manage, and is suitable for first-time snake breeders. However, this snake has a strong appetite and has to feed once every 6~8 days. A red chain snake weighing 500 grams can eat 2~3 small frogs or toads each time, and up to 5 at a time.

In the process of feeding, do not always use a feed feed, to often change the species, such as mice, fish, loaches, water snakes, toads, chickens, etc. For the convenience of food storage, snakes can be tamed to eat dead loaches. The so-called dead loach is not a dead loach that has died of illness or is not fresh, but a fresh loach that has been scalded to death by putting a live loach in boiling water. Before taming a red chain snake to eat a dead loach, it should be suspended from feeding other foods.

Red chain snakes also like to eat chicks, and chicks culled in hatchery farms are also a good food.

Red chain snakes have the habit of eating snakes, therefore, only 1~2 in each breeding box, not more than one polyculture, large snakes and small snakes, pro-snakes and young snakes should not be raised together.

The red chain snake likes to lie still after swallowing food, so don't disturb it at this time, if it is disturbed, it is likely to spit out the food it has eaten