Opening a book, for many people, may just be a tool to pass the time, but for many people, opening a book is actually a world. Although Wu Ling has not yet reached such a level, he can completely fall into it, and he can use his own thoughts to look at Schopenhauer's thoughts.

As a great philosopher, many of Schopenhauer's ideas occupy a very important position for mankind and for the whole world. It can even be said that a great philosopher is not only a philosopher, but even the leader of the entire human race, leading the whole of mankind to explore another aspect.

Such people, regardless of whether the other party is really powerful or not, and no matter how the other party chooses to end, they are absolutely great. Schopenhauer, of course, is such a person.

However, it is quite interesting to note that many of the most famous philosophers in history have been influenced by Buddhism, and Schopenhauer was actually the same.

Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy of life was also influenced by Indian Buddhist philosophies such as the Upanishads and the Vedas. This effect is manifested in the fact that life is suffering, the root of suffering is desire, and the solution is abstinence.

Life is fundamentally painful, and this is determined by the free surname of the will to live. Schopenhauer's will to life was directly influenced by the Indian classic Upanishads, in which the essence of everything in the universe is the soul, "that is you", only Schopenhauer replaced it with the word "will" to denote a blind, unconscious, irrepressible impulse. And life is fundamentally the pain or dissatisfaction caused by this impulse. Happiness is only a temporary reduction of suffering or a temporary obscuration of this state of suffering. "All satisfaction, or what people generally call happiness, is only negative in its original sense and nature, and is never positive in any way", and happiness "is always the fulfillment of a wish." Because satisfaction is also defect", "defect is suffering".

At the same time, Buddhism believes that the process of birth, old age, sickness, and death is just a "suffering" word. The "Chinese Ahama Sutra" summarizes a person's life as "eight sufferings": birth, old age, illness, death, resentment, love and separation, what you want, and five yin prosperity. The Buddhist view of the "sea of suffering" of life is consistent with Schopenhauer's understanding of the suffering of life. Schopenhauer believed that "there can be no true happiness in life as a whole, and that life is essentially a state of suffering in many forms, a state of constant unhappiness." In this way, they all agree that life itself is painful, and that the process of life is also painful.

Buddhism talks about the four truths of suffering, concentration, extinction, and path, and the truth of concentration (dependence) is one of the causes of suffering. In Buddhism, the truth is "thirst", greed, desire. At the heart of this desire is the false self-perception that arises from ignorance. Therefore, the "set" is a personal surname without will, a self-evident surname, and a lack of understanding of the fundamental state of the living world, which is caused by the Maya veil, that is, the curtain that conceals the truth of the ontology obscures the illusion of the world.

In the transfiguration of the "Maya Veil", only special, discrete, and very different appearances are seen. This realization is very similar to Schopenhauer's statement that the will is the cause of human suffering. According to Schopenhauer, the will to life is desire, and the cause of suffering is endless desire. Man can only see the appearance of the will to life in the world, and so he "cling to the revelries and pleasures of life, without knowing that it is precisely because of this activity of his will that he is grasping and embracing all the pain and suffering that he sees and fears in life." And not to see that all this comes from "the only will of life".

Since the essence of life is pain and boredom, and the root cause of suffering is desire, and the destination is death, then the individual recognizes the essence of self and the world, recognizes the inherent contradiction of the will to life and its essential nothingness, and realizes that egoism and self-desire are the embodiment of the will to live. As a result, there is a strong aversion to the will to life in the individual's psyche, which needs to be constantly denied through abstinence, asceticism, and other actions. Buddhism proposes the practice of the "three learnings" of "precepts", "concentration" and "wisdom" as a way to solve the problem, and through the "three learnings" to eliminate greed in the world, this is essentially the way of abstinence. Schopenhauer believed that abstinence can be manifested in the following three aspects: First, the voluntary renunciation of the surname. Desire. Because of the surname. Desire is the strongest expression of the will to live.

Surname. The satisfaction of desires, the reproduction of life, actually prolongs the suffering of the individual. Abandon surname. Desire is tantamount to rejecting this painful inheritance. The second is to be willing to experience pain. It is precisely because of the individual's experience of pain, its torment, and even despair, that the individual can turn inward to recognize the appearance and will, and then suppress or extinguish it. The last type is death. The tranquility that accompanies a pure heart and few desires is bliss in silence. "With the abolition of the will, so is the whole phenomenon of the will; In the end, the universal form, time, and space of these phenomena, and finally the basic form or subject and object, are also abolished. There is no will, no appearance, no world. The rest has neither will nor appearance, only the "nothing".

Looking at Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy of life, from the will to life to desire, from ** to pain and nothingness, it constitutes the dominant line. This pessimistic tone is heavily influenced by Kant's dichotomy of the world and Indian Buddhist philosophy. Its philosophy undoubtedly has a certain negative surname for society. However, looking back at the history of Western philosophy, we cannot ignore the influence of his ideas on later philosophies, especially the irrational schools.

In fact, a book, whether it is good or bad, once it can be read, it will have a huge impact on many people, and even make their outlook on life and values have a direct change.

It's like Schopenhauer's philosophy, and there are really not a few people who study Schopenhauer's philosophy and choose to commit suicide like Schopenhauer. The reason for this is that Schopenhauer's ideas influenced the reader through books.

It's fine if you have your own values, but if you haven't formed your own values and worldview, such as teenagers, who are the most obvious.

At this time, they have not formed either values or world management. If they are allowed to come into contact with Schopenhauer's philosophy at this time, it is good that they can't see it, but once they do, then Schopenhauer's philosophy will be directly imposed on the other party and become the other party's thoughts.

Regardless of whether this world is an oven or a source of suffering, but since the moment people are born, they are not just for their own individual survival, this survival will also affect many people, parents, relatives and friends, etc., and once you choose to commit suicide, it will definitely not only affect yourself.

Therefore, many books still have obvious age restrictions. The most obvious thing is that if you don't read the Water Margin, you don't read the Three Kingdoms, although a person's values and worldview are not easy to change, it also depends on the person, so it is better to have less contact with many pessimistic thoughts.

Of course, Wu Ling doesn't matter, when it comes to his strength, if he is simply affected by words and chooses to commit suicide, then the entire ability world is estimated to be able to dig him out of the grave again and whip the corpse.

A big master with C-level strength was really affected by the thinking of a dead man, and the other party was still an ordinary person with no strength, let alone Tiangong, even Shueisha couldn't accept it.

Wu Ling will naturally not be affected by these, but in fact, even if it is a tragedy like Schopenhauer, in fact, I also has times when he is not sad. For example, he once explained a question, what is happiness!

Schopenhauer felt that happiness also meant self-satisfaction. All sources of happiness are inherently uncertain and unstable, they are all fleeting, random and unpredictable, and they cannot always be grasped. In such moments, oneself is the only source of pure and lasting happiness. The Greek philosopher Epicurus's disciple Metidoirus also said: The happiness that comes from within us is far greater than the happiness that comes from the outside. That's why Schopenhauer thought that it was much wiser to maintain health and nurture the mind than to just gather wealth, which was the essence of happiness. A calm and cheerful temperament, a very sound physique, a clear mind, a lively life, a clear sense of reason, a gentle will, and a good heart, these are not things that can be brought about by status and wealth. But in today's society, how many people are not satisfied with their waists, but they forget about their health. There is also a saying that when you are young, you will exchange your life for money, and when you are old, you will exchange money for your life. In fact, life is like a journey, and the scenery along the way is also colorful and colorful, and busy people should enjoy the leisure when they descend to the poor place of water and sit and watch the clouds rise. Relax and unwind, and you may find that happiness is already in your hands.

And while we are hoping for eternal happiness, Schopenhauer poured cold water on us, saying: Happiness is only a state, it is only temporary, fleeting. Life is suffering, this is his view, and at first glance the negative meaning is self-evident. But when we think about it carefully, when we have gone through all the hardships to dig the first pot of gold in our lives, we are happy; We are happy when we regain our health despite unspeakable pain. If a man wants to write his own song of life and determine what happiness he will have in his life, he must describe the misfortunes he has escaped, the tribulations he has experienced, not the pleasures he has enjoyed. If there is no pain, then where is the happiness?

As the Buddha said: Life is suffering. It means that life is fickle, like a white cloud and a dog, and we should change this suffering life [called "refuge" in Buddhism, so that we can have a life of constant happiness and purity. And Schopenhauer's words imply a similar truth, that the passing of pain is the criterion of happiness. Life is pain, and happiness comes from pain! If we live endlessly and struggle endlessly, then life is happiness.

Epitetus said: People are not affected by things, but by their ideas about things. Anyone who reads Schopenhauer should understand that the plain is true, throw away the external objects, wash away the lead, and walk the road of life. And some people who read Schopenhauer should know that they have been tempered, but they are not afraid of wind and frost, they have tasted hardships, and they have to be happy and pure.

"Schopenhauer's ultimate picture of the value of life is centered on the absolute predominance of suffering over happiness in life." Pessimism in general believes that the world is full of suffering and that life is worthless. Schopenhauer, on the other hand, "turned suffering into the absolute substance of perceived being, into an innate prescriptive surname; He settles suffering on the very basis of our existence, so that no fruit that emerges from this root can have any other caste. ”

Schopenhauer believed that the world was driven by will, and that the world was destined to be a world of suffering. Life is destined to be painful, and it stems from the nature of human beings. Life is fundamentally not satisfying, because the world is not a down-to-earth material at all, nor is it an eternal objective spirit, but a will and anxiety full of dynamic needs.

Since the will is an unsatisfying ** and impulse, the pain is boundless. Happiness is only a brief break in eternal suffering, and it is the fatal wound of life. The whole life is filled with the struggles and pains that come with this evil cycle of desire-satisfaction-new desires. Moreover, the more perfect the phenomenon of the will, the stronger the desires and impulses, and the more pronounced the suffering. Man is always suffering, because his essence falls into the hands of pain. If, on the contrary, man is deprived of the object of his desires because his easily obtained gratifications immediately eliminate his desires, then a terrible emptiness and boredom will strike him, that is, man's existence and existence itself will become an unbearable burden for him. So life swings back and forth like a pendulum between pain and boredom, and in fact pain and boredom are the two final ingredients of life.

In Schopenhauer's mind, world life was utterly hopeless. Since life in the world is miserable, its root comes from man's will to live. To get rid of suffering, then, is to give up desires, to get rid of the shackles of will, and to deny the will to life.

Abstinence is to prohibit one's own **, suppress one's own **, and completely purify one's heart and few desires. The course of life is fundamentally always tragic, and the pain is endless. The only solution is suicide, but it also believes that suicide is to surrender to the will rather than to deny it, and to give up the greater evil of life. Therefore, suicide is not to clear life but to protect life from the pain caused by a greater evil, and ultimately falls into the cycle of mysticism.

Schopenhauer believed that there were two reasons for the temporary surname of art salvation. On the one hand, this is determined by the themes of life reflected in art. By will, life itself can only be painful and boring, and cannot be lasting satisfaction and blessing. On the other hand, in the process of artistic salvation, the subject's desire only temporarily subsides, and the will is only temporarily hidden behind, not really denied.

Schopenhauer's pessimistic and misanthropic philosophy of life was formed during the period of great changes in France, and the inherent limitations and contradictions of capitalism had a great influence on Schopenhauer's philosophy, which is an inevitable surname and trend; Coupled with Schopenhauer's own bumpy life experiences and experiences, this pessimistic inevitability erupted.