Looking at the lines of text in the book, Wu Ling still had a lot of emotion.

Every philosopher has his own system of truth, which is their understanding of the whole world, of life, of life. This kind of understanding is impossible for ordinary people to achieve. And the philosophy of tragedy represented by Schopenhauer actually appeared in this way.

For example, Schopenhauer believed that the will to life is vitality and desire, and desire is endless, and unsatisfied desire is suffering. Therefore, life is suffering by its very nature. The world, including human beings, is by its very nature will, and human beings not only exist as the will to life for concrete desires and needs, but also as "a condensation of a thousand needs". The will is the indomitable vitality, the spontaneous vitality, and the root of all desires and needs. Desires and needs that are not satisfied are want, and lack is suffering. And human memory, reason, exacerbates this suffering. This is because people not only suffer pain directly in the present, but also store past pain in memory because of memory, and can be recalled to consciousness at any time due to accidental possibility. "The greater the intelligence, the higher the degree of suffering, so that as the awareness becomes clearer and the awareness is strengthened, the suffering increases, which is a positive proportion. This suffering also reaches its highest level in man, and the higher a person's intellect and clearer his understanding, the more painful it becomes, and the most painful it is for those who have genius. In this way, because ** is not satisfied, and people's memory and reason deepen the feeling of pain, people are always painful.

But if you can be satisfied, you find that this satisfaction is only temporary, and the temporary satisfaction will bring new satisfaction and cause new suffering. In this way, ** is endless, and the pain is endless. Before contentment, man is already entangled in all kinds of pain; After being satisfied, there is nothing but a return to suffering, but only a change in the form of suffering. If it does not appear in its original form, it will also put on the disgusting vest of "boredom" and "emptiness", and then the terrible emptiness and boredom will attack life.

Thus, "life swings back and forth like a pendulum between pain and boredom, and in fact pain and boredom are the two final ingredients of life." "Life is a miserable existence that strives to get rid of want, but cannot be removed, in a state of painful deprivation."

In the eyes of many people, such a statement will not be admitted at all. After all, they are just ordinary people, and there is no way to reach the realm of those real philosophers, and it is easier to tell them how to make money than to talk to them about philosophy.

After all, living in the world, money is the only thing that cannot be separated. However, now Wu Ling has a little identification with Schopenhauer. Of course, this agreement does not mean that he fully accepts Schopenhauer's views, which is simply impossible.

After all, although Wu Ling has the strength to surpass the peak of ordinary people, he is just an ordinary person in his heart now, and he has no way to have a higher understanding of this world. And, to be honest, his strength has begun to surpass the imagination of ordinary people, and with such strength, it is simply impossible for him to have everything from ordinary people.

Despite this, he still has a certain identification with Schopenhauer, after all, he has memories of his previous life. In his previous life, he had experienced everything from ordinary people, so his current mentality also has the imprint of that time.

Just like Schopenhauer said, life in the world, as if from the moment you speak out, you are suffering here.

From waiting to be fed, and then starting to grow slowly, in the process of growing up, you have to complete the understanding of the world, to learn knowledge, to learn skills, and even to face those unknown dangers. And when you become an adult, in addition to continuing your studies, you must also start to enter the society and work hard for your career.

and others have already made certain achievements, and at that time, they have also entered their twilight years. Whether it is ordinary people or those who are successful, they have to worry about their future generations until they die. Samsara I doesn't seem to have a moment of peace.

Because he had experienced a death, even though it was a death he didn't even know about, he would think slowly once in a while. What do you want to do in life? Is it just a rush and then a return to calm?

In other words, the life of a person is just a set program, just like an online game, and everyone has been set since birth. Talking, learning, growing, career, dying, it's all predestined, we're just in it, slowly getting through it all.

Or maybe it's some theological description that human beings have made a mistake somewhere and come to the world to atone for their sins! No one can say any of this, because perhaps when they know the greatest truth in this world, it will be the moment they die. But when they died, the secrets were naturally taken to the grave, and there was no way to tell them.

Others don't know, and Wu Ling doesn't know either, even if he comes back from the dead, even if he has more lives than others. But he also doesn't know that life is an oven, and everyone struggles and climbs in it, and that's it.

This may be one of the reasons why Schopenhauer feels that this world is suffering, of course, Wu Ling also knows that Schopenhauer's concept formation, in addition to family and history, actually has the influence of many people, such as Kant.

Schopenhauer himself mentioned in the preface to the first edition of The World as Will and Appearance that his philosophy of life was heavily influenced by Kant's philosophy. He inherited Kant's dichotomy of the world, put forward the will to life as the essence of the world, and directly connected the traditional metaphysical problems with the problems of life. The will to life, as the essence of the world, limits the scope of the role of reason, and the will to life is an endless desire, which makes his philosophy of life slide into a pessimistic tone.

Kant divided the world into the world of things and the world of appearances, and believed that our cognitive ability can only know the world of appearances, and the world of things in itself is beyond the reach of our cognitive ability. Based on this, Schopenhauer's philosophy believed that the world is an appearance and a will from the subject, and put forward two famous propositions: "The world is my appearance" and "The world is my will". But unlike Kant, he believed that the ontology of the world was knowable. In the past, philosophy believed that the world is a big universe and I am a small universe, but Schopenhauer thought that the world is a big self and I am a small self. Therefore, the understanding of the appearance and essence of the world can be returned to the human self. According to Schopenhauer, "The world is my appearance, and this is a truth, a truth that is valid for every living being who lives and knows it; But only one can bring it into a reflective, abstract consciousness. Therefore, the unknowable "thing in itself" is the will, and all actions are the appearance of the will. Appearance is not the true meaning of the world and life, but only the inevitable embodiment of obeying the law of sufficient reason in time and space. This prepared him for a doctrine that sought to understand the fundamental mechanisms of life and the world, and laid the foundation for his philosophy of life to move towards pessimism.

First of all, the will to life binds reason and behavior. Schopenhauer believed that the world of representations is the realm of necessary surnames, and in the world of appearances, the difference between humans and animals is that people have rational surnames. The surname can only be confined to the scope of appearances, and the essence of the world cannot be understood through appearances. In his view, the surname is only a tool of the will to live, and its function is to satisfy people's desires, meet the physiological needs of individuals and races, so that individuals can pass on their ancestry and the race can reproduce. Here, the will to life, as the essence of the world, inevitably inhibits the supremacy of the surname. In order to ensure the essential status of the will to life, he also understood actions governed by the will to life as unfree. Because every action that arises from the action of reason and motivation is caused by strict necessity. Therefore, in spite of all the predetermined plans and thoughts, their actions are governed by necessity, and they must always play the role they do not want to play from the beginning of their lives to the end of their lives, and likewise they must perform the part of the tragic plot for which they are responsible until the end of the play.

Second, the will to live must be insatiable. According to Schopenhauer, the will to life, which is the essence of the world, is free, and it governs the world of all appearances, including the body. The world of appearances is complex, but in essence it is single, and the whole world of appearances is the same will of life. The will to life, which is the essence of the world, is embodied in man, and the more conscious he is, the more painful he becomes, and he struggles with fear. This is because the will to life is bound to desire. It has no purpose, no reason, no satisfaction, no basis, and is a process of endless pursuit. Even if there is temporary satisfaction, it will only make the desire that follows greater, and the essence of human beings slides into suffering at this point.

There is no way to avoid such a big pain, because everyone's ** is a cry from the depths of the body, whether it is good or bad, they are everyone's deepest need, and it can even be said that they need to live.

This is especially evident when a person's body and mind are not in harmony, as was the case with Schopenhauer. His realm was unintentionally tall, but his body was still an ordinary man, so in the end, he chose to commit suicide.

Life should not be smooth sailing, it is those turbulent waves that realize the beauty of calm lakes and sparkling ripples; It is those lightning and thunder that show the preciousness of the wind and the beauty; It is really the pain in life that makes us understand the preciousness of happiness. Life is a process of experiencing pain, and only after experiencing various experiences in life can we truly understand the meaning of life.