Chapter 244: The Beginning (5)
There is no doubt about the strength of the high-level enchantment, otherwise, the church would not take the initiative to pretend to be a grandson. After all, the high-level enchantment masters, which are super powerhouses comparable to C-level or even B-rank, will not provoke them if the church has nothing to do.
But this is also the last reason, if it is really a last resort, Johnson will not care about these, although the church will take care of those strong, but the church will not be afraid of them, can be strong until now, the church will naturally not be easy to bully.
In fact, the situation of the church is similar to that of the United States, in reality, the United States is dominating the world, and the church almost has such a strategy. And why they can do it, in fact, it is not because of the strong strength as the backing, so they can have no scruples.
If you want to say that the rise of churches is really very similar to the rise of the United States in reality.
The cause of the American War of Independence, in simple terms, was that Britain's colonial economic policy seriously damaged the interests of local interest groups.
Unlike the colonies in Asia and Africa, the Americas were far from the Eurasian continent, and on the eve of the Age of Discovery in the 16th century, Mesoamerican civilization was still in the stage of city-state warfare, which is equivalent to the level of Sumerian civilization or the early Yin Shang dynasty. South America was slightly better, and the first loose empire, the Mayan Empire, had just formed before the arrival of the Spaniards, and the level of civilization was probably a little stronger than that of the Chinese Shang Dynasty at the time of the Battle of Makino. North America was still a primitive tribal society, and the wheel had not yet been invented. Under the double onslaught of the colonizers' muskets and infectious diseases, the number of natives soon dwindled to one-fifth of what it had been before the arrival of Europeans. The later "inhabitants of the Americas" were basically immigrants from Europe. The situation of the British colonies in North America was no exception. For immigrants, Britain should be referred to as the "mother country" rather than the "suzerain". So it's a bit reluctant to think of the North American Revolutionary War as a war of national liberation. It's more like a political separation movement.
Although it is said to be "its own people", the "mother country" has not been soft at all when it comes to exploitation. In accordance with the Navigation and Trade Regulations made by the UK Government. Some goods from the colonies could only be sold to the British. What does this "some" consist of? Before the War of Independence, there was only one thing that was not within this "some" range - salted fish, and the rest could only be sold to England. As for the primary products such as cotton, tobacco, and fur from the colonies, Britain has formulated a set of extremely strict standards and grading systems, which is the same reason that developed countries now set a high threshold for the export products of developing countries, not because of how strong a sense of responsibility there is to consumers, but in order to reduce prices to the greatest extent. After finally selling the things, the matter is not over, outside the customs duties. You'll have to pay another "export tax" to the colonial government where the British are stationed.
At the same time, British industrial products were dumped into the colonies, which was actually what we often called the "scissors difference". Britain did not allow local coinage, which further exacerbated the loss of capital in the North American colonies. In order to further ensure the monopoly of industrial products, the British government also strictly restricted the entry of its own skilled workers (craftsmen) into the colonies, and at the same time passed legislation to restrict the colonies from developing their own industries - except for flour grinding, winemaking, and wax making, no other manufacturing industries were allowed.
In 1763, Britain finally won the Seven Years' War. However, the government previously raised the public bonds issued by the military spending. Debt service is required at £130 million. After the war, France was forced to cede Canada, but taking over the new colony required a large number of government personnel and troops, which could only be paid by the British themselves, which required a large amount of money. In order to solve the problem of money. The British government enacted the Sugar Duty Act and the Stamp Duty Act for the North American colonies, and then replaced the Stamp Duty Act with the more stringent Townsend Act in the hope of increasing tax revenues. Plugging the loopholes in government finances. At this point, the already severe exploitation finally exceeded the tolerance limit of North American immigrants. As a result, anti-British events such as the Boston Tea Party occurred, and the rebels began to secretly stock up on guns and gunpowder. And the pro-British forces also went north to join the British army in Canada. By 1775, marked by a firefight between the British and North American militias in the village of Crexington, the North American colonies' revolt against the mother country evolved into a war of independence.
The history that follows may be different from what we have learned in science textbooks, and in fact the Continental Army of North America did not take a great advantage in the confrontation with the British, and even the role played in the whole war was not decisive. The reason for this is simple: the 13 states of North America have a combined population of less than 3 million people -- including nearly half of the "eater-in-the-other" Anglophiles, with a weak industrial base, little financial resources, and no maritime power at all. At that time, Britain had a population of six or seven million people alone, and more than 30 million including colonial populations, and the country had strong financial resources, had begun the industrial revolution, and had the most powerful navy in the world, and had absolute naval control over the thirteen North American states. This disparity in strength cannot be offset by a single sentence of "justice will prevail"; not to mention the fact that the soldiers of the Continental Army at that time were recruited only by relying on high military salaries, and people were enlisted as soldiers for food. After 1776, due to financial constraints, the strength of the mainland decreased year by year, from more than 40,000 at the peak to more than 13,000 at the end.
At that time, the North American "independents" were "planned for a long time" in today's terms, and in the early days of the war, the Continental Army had intentions, and the British Army had no intentions. Because the situation completely exceeded the British government's expectations, the total British force in the thirteen North American states at the outbreak of the war was only more than 6,000 men, and it was under this local disadvantage that the British army ended in a crushing defeat at the Battle of Bunker Hill. In 1776, the British began to increase their troops in North America, defeating more than 18,000 Continental Army led by Washington in New York, and when the Continental Army withdrew to the banks of the Delaware River, Washington brought out only more than 4,000 soldiers.
It should be noted that the Continental Congress's election of the young Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army had nothing to do with his personal prestige. Rather, it is because Washington is the only militarily literate member of the independents. And it wasn't very popular "inside the system" - everyone knew at the time that it was much more likely to lose than to win, and to lose. The "commander-in-chief" was bound to go to the gallows of the British.
Fortunately, the road to heaven is endless, also in 1776. The old rivals of the British, France and Spain, began to provide financial support to the United States for the simple reason that "whatever the enemy opposes, we will support." Gold coins from Europe expanded the Continental Army from more than 27,000 to more than 46,000 that year, and the Netherlands and Russia joined the ranks of the United States, with the Netherlands providing the United States with 7 million pounds of gold coins, and Catherine II sending a Russian fleet to escort "neutral" merchant ships between the United States and Europe. Their purpose is very simple, they are all to attack Britain and expand their territory.
Let's take a step back in this history. The real protagonists in the "North American Revolutionary War" should have been Britain and France. For France, the American War of Independence was part of the Anglo-French War, which was fought on a global scale at the same time. France had more than 16,500 ground military forces (1,000 officers and 15,000 soldiers) directly engaged in the war in the thirteen North American states alone. The Royal French Navy had 75,000 men (72,500 sailors and 2,500 officers), of whom more than 15,000 were directly involved in the Battle of Yorktown, a figure that exceeded the total strength of the Continental Army of North America at the same time. In addition, during the same period, the French and British armies were also fighting in the West Indies, and the British finally managed to increase their forces in North America. By 1778, the Spanish Navy had also joined the North American theater, and the British army was already at a disadvantage in North America.
The situation of the War of Independence is very similar to the Korean War in the 50s of the 20th century. France played the role of China and the Soviet Union in this. Of course, the purpose of the French was not to "defend their homeland", they were to fight with the British for the colony, at least not to let the British get it. The last major battle of the War of Independence. After the Battle of Yorktown, two of the three men who signed the surrender were French—Lieutenant General Count Rochambeau, Vice Admiral Count de Grasse, and the remaining one was Washington. And the final end of the War of Independence. It was the Treaty of Paris signed by the United States and Britain in Paris, France, in 1783.
Of course, the reason why I am writing this is not to expose anyone's shortcomings on historical issues. In fact, the Americans themselves do not shy away from this history, and we can see the role of France in the Revolutionary War in many historical documents in the United States. A country's pride comes from its current situation, not its history.
The War of Independence, which lasted eight years. The biggest beneficiary, of course, is the United States. It basically broke free from British control and became the first independent country in the Americas, and the reason why it is basically said is that the United States was still in the shadow of Europe at that time, and was often brutally "interfered in internal affairs" by Britain and France. After the end of the war, Britain still held a number of positions on American soil. In addition, Britain set up bases in Canada to train and arm Indians, constantly carrying out "terrorist attacks" on white settlements in the western United States. After the Soviet troops entered Afghanistan in 1979, the United States also used Pakistan as a base to cultivate "al-Qaeda" to attack and harass the Soviets in the same way.
Britain was naturally the loser, not only losing its colonies in the thirteen states of North America, but also suffering defeat in the war with the French in the West Indies and Sri Lanka.
And the end for France was no less good. Although Britain lost its colonies in the thirteen states of North America, the weak France could no longer afford to swallow this spoil, so it could only fulfill the United States. As a result of his direct involvement in a series of major wars, including the North American War, and the massive aid provided to the United States, France's finances, which had been in disarray after the Seven Years' War, were completely bankrupt, which eventually led to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 178.9. The initial cause of the revolution is the same as that of the English bourgeois revolution in the 17th century, when a natural disaster caused a widespread famine in France, and the king and the nobility turned a blind eye to the starvation.
During the Revolution, Louis XVI was guillotined by the capitalists, and the aforementioned Count Rochambeau was thrown into prison during the reign of the Accordins, but fortunately he was killed. He lived to a good death during the Napoleonic period, while the Count de Grasse lost his life. The continuous high-intensity revolution also made France miss the opportunity of the Industrial Revolution. In the subsequent competition with the British, it was always half a beat slower economically.
About Washington. In many articles, there is a similar description: after the victory of the Revolutionary War, Washington did not use his power and prestige to become "Washington I", but after two consecutive terms as president, he calmly returned to Mount Vernon, Virginia, and spent his life in peace...... Such and such.
However, I am afraid that the problem is not so simple, the mind of an ancient person who lived more than 200 years ago, the author naturally has no way to speculate, but only in terms of the political situation at that time, change to any person. I'm afraid I can't turn myself into a "×× I". The United States itself did not dominate the outcome of the Revolutionary War, so no political force established its own absolute authority through the war, let alone a single powerful political figure. And more importantly, behind the leaderless political group in the United States, there is a clear "dualism" in the American economy.
After the war (Revolutionary War), there were two main political factions in the United States: the Federalist Party, led by Adams and Hamilton, and the Democratic Republic, led by Jefferson. and the party. The Federalists were very fond of the British royal system and advocated the establishment of a monarchy, but they did not consider Washington, but a "blue-blooded aristocrat" from Europe to be king. Finally, because the Federalist lacks authority. Unable to "unify opinions", they could not get it up, so they retreated to the next best thing, advocating the establishment of a strong central government and engaging in meritocracy. Democratic Republic. And the party is the opposite. They oppose centralization and advocate the strengthening of local governments, preferably a confederation system. Washington calls itself a "neutralist." However, he was more inclined to the Federalist Party in terms of his actions. At the beginning of American independence, the central power was largely in the hands of the Federalists. This was because Hamilton was the Commonwealth's Minister of Finance at the time. There were more than 2,000 seats in hand that could be given to voters in return (at that time, only men among the rich whites had the right to vote, so there were not many voters). Jefferson, the leader of the Democratic Party, is the secretary of state, and he runs the State Department, which doesn't offer many attractive positions, so it doesn't attract voters.
The Federalist Party advocated centralization and democratic republicism. I am afraid that the root cause of the party's advocacy of strengthening local power is here -- when a thing comes out, we can explain many kinds of "truths" from different angles about its original intention, but for the people involved in it, they often do not have too many so-called "far-sightedness" subjectively when making a certain choice, and they must first focus on the problem at hand. For politicians, the "immediate problem" must be how to strengthen the power in their hands, and the Federalists dominate the federal government, so it is natural to strengthen the centralization of power. And the party must be engaged in a strong branch (Democratic Communist Party. and the party) weak cadres (Federalist Party) to guarantee their power.
Behind the political struggle between the two parties is the struggle between the North and the South economic model of the United States. The Federalist Party was supported mainly by the industrial and commercial capitalists of the northern New England region, where the cold climate was not suitable for agriculture, so they had to engage in industry and commerce, and for them, greater centralization would help unify the domestic market, and the government could support the capitalists in industry through tariff barriers and financial subsidies. Elite politics, on the other hand, can exclude the local buns in the south on the issue of discourse, and at the same time they also hope that the country will build a strong army to "escort the cause of capitalism"; Democratic Republic. The supporters of the WP were farmers from the south, who had emigrated from Europe to North America in pursuit of a "paradise" (for whom it might be more appropriate to say "utopia") pastoral life, and naturally did not welcome a strong government that would control everything, nor did they want to build a large army, especially a "money-burning" navy, because for them this would only mean high taxes.
In foreign affairs, the Federalists were more "pro-British". The reason is simple: although independent, the main trade partner of industry and commerce is still Britain. This is the same as the current situation of many third world countries, although they are politically independent, they have no choice but to break off the economic ties with the past suzerain, so they still have to rely on the original suzerainty politically. That was the situation of the American industrial and commercial groups at that time. Democratic Republic. And the party is more "anti-British", for the same reason as simple, for politicians, "the enemy supports." We're going to oppose it", for the farmers behind them. During the Revolutionary War, the British, in order to strike at the American economy, in the name of "justice". Many black slaves on southern farms were freed, and the farmers suffered heavy losses as a result - a trick that was later learned by the northern capitalists during the Civil War and continued to be used on the black slaves in the South. In addition, the aforementioned Indian "guerrillas" attacked and harassed mainly the farmers in the south.
To put it simply, the premise for the good functioning of this political system in the United States is that it can continuously expand its interests: to obtain sufficient benefits - each group has scored points - the appetite of each interest group has been boosted - further expansion of interests...... In fact, it is still the aforementioned "capital rabbit" law. However, unlike the United Kingdom, the United States has the problem of economic duality, so domestic problems are more likely to erupt, once the pace of interest expansion slows down. Before the workers could rise up and resist, a fight would begin between the two polar interest groups in the north and the south.
In 1790, a compromise was reached between the North and the South. The Southerners would support the Northern-dominated federal government, but in exchange, the southern states would have to be controlled by the Southerners, and the capital would be moved from Philadelphia to the banks of the Potomac River, in what is now Washington. Because it was between the slave states of Maryland and Virginia, it belonged to the territory of the Southern faction. In this way, the United States has initiated "one country, two systems."
Year 1794. An agreement was reached between the federal government and the British government, in which the two sides made a compromise on a series of issues left over from the War of Independence. Until then, southern farmers had been demanding compensation from the British government for the losses caused to them by the "emancipation of black slaves" during the war. The Federalists, in the interests of the industrial and commercial groups, wanted to normalize relations with Britain as soon as possible in order to continue business. There is no mention of this in the agreement. This incident has turned many Southern farmers and the federal government on the other hand. In the same year, the federal government introduced another liquor tax, and the contradiction between the North and the South was further intensified. Pennsylvania farmers rioted, and Washington unequivocally enacted the National Emergency Act. More than 13,000 Union troops were mobilized to suppress the rebellion, a number equal to the total number of soldiers in the latter stages of the Revolutionary War.
After a period of relative calm. As territorial expansion led to the growing size of the south's plantation economy (under the conditions of the time, an increase in land area was more meaningful for plantation, so the northern party had little interest in expanding its territory, and even some resistance), the south's economic power was strengthened, and the political pressure on the northern faction also increased. By 1801, the Democratic Republic. Jefferson of the Peace Party won the election by a vote of 59 to 57 to become the third president of the United States, and a section of the Federalists immediately prepared to give the northern states independence and form a new Union. The political separatist movement was ultimately not carried out because of Hamilton's opposition, but it was costly - it led to a sharp deterioration in relations between Hamilton and his deputy, Bull, and the two men decided to settle the matter by duel. In the duel, Hamilton was killed by his own deputy, and with Washington having died before, the Northern faction has no leader.
At the same time, Britain felt that the growing United States might threaten its hegemony in the future, and at the same time, the British were always worried about regaining the lost colonies, so they began to blockade the United States at sea, and the United States also planned to take Canada and other colonies from the British in order to continue to expand its territory. In 1812, the Second War of Independence finally broke out between the United States and Britain. The war lasted three years, during which the British went to Washington and burned down the White House, but in the end the war situation was still deadlocked, and the two sides had no choice but to stop fighting and make peace, and neither of them got their wish.
However, the war completely discouraged the British from retaking the North American colonies, and nationalism in the United States was at an all-time high during the war, and the current national anthem of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner Never Falls," was composed at that time. In such an atmosphere, the Federalist Party, due to its consistent pro-British stance, was branded as a "traitor", a traitor, and a capitulationist, and was completely declared out. This led to the emergence of the Democratic Republic in the United States. And the situation of the party's one-party dominance, the democratic communist. Jefferson, a member of the Peace Party, became the seventh president of the United States because of the prestige he had accumulated during the war. After the absence of the worries of the United Kingdom, the Democratic Republic. The United States, under the leadership of the Peace Party, began to concentrate on expanding to the west and south, as well as to the Spanish-occupied Florida region, in order to gain more land to support the southern plantation economy.
However, the Democratic Republic. After losing its opponents, the Peace Party soon fell into internal divisions, and it was against this background that the current Democratic Party of the United States was born. As for the Northerners, although the Federalist Party had completely collapsed, in the final analysis it was only a political agent, and the industrial and commercial groups in the North continued to develop.
The initial development model of industry and commerce in the north can be clearly explained in one word -- "cottage". Despite the strict control of the British government, a large number of British skilled workers came to North America through various channels under the temptation of making a fortune. At that time, the United States came in an average of 300,000 immigrants a year, most of whom chose to stay in the Northeast to engage in manufacturing. At that time, the main industry, the cotton spinning industry, began to grow rapidly in the United States. In this way, through the "infringement of intellectual property rights", the United States can be regarded as catching the last train of the first industrial revolution, and the economic strength of the northern faction has greatly increased by taking advantage of this "east wind" and has begun to overpower the southern faction in momentum. Naturally, the political discourse had to keep up, and by 1854, the current Communist Party. The He Party was founded, and at that time it represented the Northern Industrial and Commercial Group.
While the power of the Northern industrial and commercial bloc grew, the territorial expansion of the United States after 1849 was almost at an end (Hawaii and Alaska were both later, and they were too far from the mainland to have negligible domestic political influence). In other words, if you want to mix up the problem of your own internal benefit distribution by robbing others, this road will not work. In the words of the textbook, it is that the contradictions between the north and the south are "irreconcilable." During this period, the North and the South made several compromises, and in 1860 they finally could not "compromise". The Peace Party won the election that year, and Lincoln became the sixteenth president of the United States, so the scene of 1801 was repeated, but the protagonists were replaced by the Southerners, and they did even better, and before Lincoln officially took office, seven states had declared independence. Eventually, 11 of the 15 southern states declared independence, leaving four on the sidelines.
The United States was much more lucky, as it hung alone from the Eurasian continent, and next to it hung a plump and juicy soft persimmon -- South America under Spanish rule. Spain at this time had long since lost its former glory, and even the mainland had been occupied by the French several times, making it a prime target for the United States. Since then, the selection of soft persimmons has become a consistent principle of the United States in foreign wars. In all the foreign wars of the United States since then, none of them can be said to be gambling on the fortunes of the country, including World War II, and the worst result of losing is to retreat to the American continent. There is nothing derogatory in saying this, but in fact, it is precisely this kind of prudent strategy that has achieved the current hegemonic status of the United States. (To be continued......)