Chapter 510: Living Water (I)

The scream attracted all of us, and everyone was startled, this scream was emitted by Yun Ning.

"What's wrong, Yun Ning?" Yun Xian was naturally the first to react.

"I'm sorry, I was just scared?" Yun Ning said.

"Scared? Scared by something? I asked.

"In the water, there's something in the water?" Yun Ning said and pointed to the water under her feet. We hurriedly looked down, Yun Ning is not the kind of girl who babbles, she is calm and calm, even she said this, it can be seen that there is something terrible in the water. However, we each stood on our respective stone pillars, but we didn't notice anything out of the ordinary.

"Look over there." Dazhe said, at this time, I also noticed, the water over there suddenly rolled, and something flickered out of the water and then disappeared again. But at this moment, I could see clearly, it was an arm, an arm of a man, a rotting arm of a man.

"Yinyin, can you see that thing clearly?" Yun Ximing asked.

"What is clear could not be clearer." I said, "But I'm more interested in the water." ”

"Water? What's wrong? Is there something wrong with this water? Yun Ximing asked.

"The water here is exceptionally clear, it looks like mountain spring water, and if something floats up and down just now, it means that the water here is living water." I say.

"So what?" Yun Xian asked.

"Where is the water in this tomb? How can there be living water. I said.

"It's also possible that the design brought in a clear spring from the mountains." Dazhe said.

"No, I've seen the water veins around here before, and there's no way there's a water source in this area. Therefore, the statement of mountain springs is not valid. Sister Wang Na said.

"Maybe it's groundwater." Dazhe said.

"It's possible, but the groundwater level is low. Even if you want to divert water, you need to have a motivation, right? Where does this motivation come from? I asked.

"Wouldn't it be nice to install a mechanism? It's not uncommon to come all the way. Dazhe said.

"It's different, when the mechanism is not activated, as long as it is strong enough, it will definitely be stored for a long time, but if it is such a non-stop machine, it needs to be powered, nothing can provide power for such a long time, if there is, then unless..." Dazhe rushed to say.

"Unless it's a perpetual motion machine." Dazhe said.

"Hey, yes, fatty, I've learned to answer. Do you also know about perpetual motion machines? Yun Ximing asked.

"Not only do I know, I know that there is no such thing in the world." Dazhe said and took a deep breath and said, "A perpetual motion machine is a kind of so-called machine that can continuously move and do work externally without the need for external input energy, energy or only one heat source. A machine that does not consume energy and can do work forever violates the law of conservation of energy, so it is called a type of perpetual motion machine. A machine that continuously draws heat from seawater or air in nature and continuously converts it into mechanical energy without temperature differences. It violates the second law of thermodynamics, so it is called the second type of perpetual motion machine. These two types of perpetual motion machines are concepts that violate the current objective scientific laws and cannot be manufactured. The French Academy of Sciences has passed a resolution. It has announced that it will never accept perpetual motion machines, and now the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office strictly prohibits the granting of patent certificates to perpetual motion applications. The third type of perpetual motion machine generally refers to a machine that is always moving. It refers to the conversion of an energy into work. It consumes energy and does work infinitely. Dazhe said.

"If it's impossible, why do anyone else do it?" Sister Wang Na asked.

"Because of curiosity. Curiosity, exploration. Also because of greed and dissatisfaction, in short, there are many reasons. Dazhe said.

"No, that means someone really has such a proposal?" Min Lan asked.

"Not a proposal. It's that someone really put it into practice. "The idea of perpetual motion machine originated in India, and later it spread from India to the ****** world, and from here to the West. In Europe, one of the most famous designs for perpetual motion machines in the early days was proposed by a Frenchman named Hennécaw in the 13th century. He devised such a thing with a rotating shaft in the center of the wheel, and twelve movable short rods mounted on the edge of the wheel, each with an iron ball at one end. According to the designers of the scheme, the ball on the right is farther off the axis than the ball on the left, so the moment generated by the ball on the right is greater than that generated by the ball on the left. In this way, the wheel will never-ending turn in the direction indicated by the arrow and drive the machine to turn. This design has been copied in different forms by many people, but it has never been able to rotate without stopping. If you analyze it carefully, you will find that although the torque generated by each ball on the right is large, the number of balls is small, and the moment generated by each ball on the left is small, but the number of balls is large. As a result, the wheels will not continue to rotate and do external work, but will only swing a few times and then stop. ”

Later, Leonardo da Vinci of Renaissance Italy also built a similar device, he thought that the right heavy ball was farther away from the center of the wheel than the left heavy ball, and the wheel would rotate in the direction of the arrow under the effect of the imbalance between the two sides, but the experimental results were negative. Leonardo da Vinci astutely concluded from this that a perpetual motion machine was impossible. In fact, from the principle of lever balancing, it can be seen that in the above two designs, although the rotation effect of each weight on the wheel on the right is larger, the number of weights is less. Precise calculations can prove that there will always be a proper position where the rotational action of the left and right weights on the wheels in opposite directions is exactly equal and cancels each other out, so that the wheels reach equilibrium and come to rest. ”

Later, an Italian mechanic, Stehl, proposed a design for a perpetual motion machine. In the design, Stehl believed that the water flowing from the upper sink would impact the rotation of the water wheel, and the water wheel would drive the water mill to rotate at the same time, and at the same time, the screw water absorber would be driven by a set of gears to lift the water in the reservoir back into the upper tank. He thought that the whole device could run like this without stopping, and effectively work on the outside. In fact, less and less water flowed back into the tank, and soon all the water in the tank flowed into the cistern below, and the turbine stopped rotating. Buoyancy is also a good helper in designing perpetual motion machines. It is a well-known buoyancy perpetual motion machine design scheme. A series of balls, wrapped around the upper and lower wheels, can be turned like a chain. Some of the balls on the right are placed in a container filled with water. The designer believed that if there was no container for water on the right, the number of balls on the left and right would be equal, and the chain would be balanced. However, the balls on the right are immersed in the water and are buoyant by the water, so they will be pushed upward by the water, which will also drive the whole string of balls to rotate around the upper and lower wheels. There is a ball on it that sticks out of the water. Underneath there is a ball that passes through the bottom of the container and replenishes it. Is it because the ball below is able to pass through the bottom of the container without allowing water to leak out, and it is technically difficult to manufacture? The technical difficulties are not the main problem, the main problem is the principle of the design. When the ball underneath passes through the bottom of the container, it is subject to the same pressure as the bottom of the container, and because it is in the lowest part of the water, it is under a lot of pressure. This downward pressure will cancel out the buoyancy of the above balls, and the water motor will not be able to move forever. ”

In addition, various designs of perpetual motion machines have been proposed to obtain effective power by using the inertia of wheels, the capillary action of thin tubes, electromagnetic forces, etc., but all of them have failed. In fact, in all perpetual motion machine designs, we can always find an equilibrium position, where the various forces exactly cancel each other out, and there is no longer any impetus to make it move. All perpetual motion machines will inevitably come to rest in this equilibrium position and become unmotivated. Since the Gothic era, there have been more and more such design schemes. People have put forward a variety of perpetual motion machine design schemes, some use the spiral water absorber, some use the inertia of the wheel, the buoyancy or capillary action of the water, and some use the repulsion between the same magnetic poles. The court was filled with all sorts of schemers who tried to make money from such illusory inventions. Both learned and uneducated people believe that perpetual motion machines are possible. This task fascinated researchers like a mirage, but all of these options failed without exception. They have been going around in circles for years, and nothing has come of it. Through continuous practice and attempts, people have gradually realized that any machine that does work on the outside world consumes energy. Without consuming energy, the machine cannot do work. At this time, some famous scientists, such as Stepvin and Huygens, began to realize that it was impossible to make a perpetual motion machine by mechanical methods. ”

Later, a series of scientists made great contributions to the correct understanding of the relationship between the transformation of thermal function and the intertransformation of other forms of material motion, and soon the great law of conservation of energy and transformation was discovered. It is recognized that all matter in nature has energy, and energy has various forms, which can be transformed from one form to another, transferred from one object to another, and the sum of energy remains unchanged in the process of transformation and transfer. The law of transformation of conservation of energy provides a more precise and rich scientific basis for dialectical materialism. It is a powerful blow to the idealistic view that material movement can be created and destroyed at will, and it completely shatters the illusion of perpetual motion machines. After all attempts to make a perpetual motion machine of the first type failed, some people dreamed of making another perpetual motion machine, hoping that it would not violate the first law of thermodynamics and would be economical and convenient. For example, this heat engine can draw heat directly from the ocean or the atmosphere and turn it completely into mechanical work. Since the energy of the ocean and the atmosphere is inexhaustible, this heat engine can run non-stop to do work, and it is also a perpetual motion machine. However, on the basis of a great deal of practical experience, the British physicist Kelvin proposed a new universal principle: it is impossible for matter to draw heat from a single heat source and turn it into a useful work without other effects. In this way, the idea of a second type of perpetual motion machine was also shattered. The design schemes of perpetual motion machines that emerge one after another have failed one by one under the strict review of science and the ruthless test of practice. (To be continued.) )