Chapter 449: The Hundred Schools of Thought (II)

"That's it?" I already knew in my heart that there was more to this, but Ji Ziyang was the most afraid of trouble, otherwise, he would have said too much, I'm afraid I wouldn't be too lazy to say it.

"Of course it's more than that, didn't I say it, there are many more, and I can't finish it for three days and three nights." He said, "Another thing worth mentioning is the soldiers. The originator of the military family was the military strategist Sun Wu, and the famous military books at that time included "The Art of War" and "The Art of War". Knowing oneself and knowing one's opponent, the military quote that is invincible in a hundred battles comes from this book. Sun Wu's descendant, Sun Bin, inherited and carried forward his military ideas and wrote "Sun Bin The Art of War", and they were known as soldiers at that time. ”

"I've heard of the soldiers, Sun Wu and Sun Bin are also very famous in history, I didn't expect the hundreds of schools of thought to be so famous." I sighed.

"It's not all, these are all the leaders, those who are not famous, naturally there are a lot, there are hundreds of schools, even if there are not really a hundred, there are dozens, and there are more than a dozen who can be named. Next, I'll tell you about it, a master. ”

"Celebrity? What a master? "I really haven't heard of it this time.

"Famous scholars are called famous scholars by later generations because they are engaged in debate and truth as their main academic activities. At that time, people were called debaters, judges, or criminals. The representative figures are Hui Shi and Gongsun Long. This school sprouted in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and Zheng Guo's doctor Deng Yi was the pioneer. As a school, the famous scholars do not have a common opinion, and they are limited to the same object of study, and each theory is very different. There are mainly two factions: contract difference and separation from the white school. The so-called contract difference means that the similarity and difference of all things are relative. All of them can be regarded as one and the same. This faction is represented by Hui Shi, a native of the Song Dynasty. Hui Shi put forward the famous ten things in the calendar, that is, heaven and earth are low, mountains and Zeping, pan love for all things, and heaven and earth are one, and so on. The so-called detachment from the whiteness of the stone means that a stone can only feel its whiteness with the eyes but not its firmness, and with the hands can only feel its firmness but not its whiteness. Thus hard and white are separate and isolated from each other. The faction is represented by Gongsun Long, a native of Zhao State, and propositions such as white horses are not horses, and solid white stones are put forward by him. ”

"What a mess. I'm all confused by you. How is this famous guy actually some strange theory of chickens laying eggs and laying chickens? I said.

"Yes, you're right, you're quite perceptive, this famous person is the originator of your modern debate. I just like to debate or something. So the theories are also very contradictory. However, at that time, this famous school was a very characteristic school. ”

"I don't understand, this famous man. Is it by relying on a mouth to gain a foothold in the pre-Qin period? I asked.

"Not really, it is said that the ancestor of the famous family is a very wise person, who can know the affairs of the world without entering the temple, his words are passionate, and he points to the country, but there is no successor to the famous family after him, so it slowly decayed, and it is not even known until now." Ji Ziyang said.

"I see." I say.

"But after all, famous families are a small group, and the following is a public, and it is also the largest number, farmers. The farmhouse was named after the emphasis on agricultural production, and it was sent from ancient times to manage agricultural production. They believe that agriculture is the foundation of food and clothing, and should be put in the first place in all work. The peasants are divided into two factions: one is about planting trees; Second, it is related to politics. The flow of peasants is covered by the officials of the peasants. The peasant school advocated the implementation of the policy of farming and warfare, rewarding the development of agricultural production, and studying agricultural production issues. The summary of the farmer's experience in agricultural production technology and its naïve dialectical thinking. The disciples of the peasant family were numerous, the largest among all the hundred schools of thought, the largest in scale, and the most influential at that time. However, because of their large number of people, they are not easy to manage, so they are not very united. The attitude towards the peasant family at that time was mixed, and the core figure of the peasant family considered himself to be a descendant of the ancient Shennong clan, so he thought of himself very highly. At the beginning, he even thought that Ying Zheng was the emperor of the human race, and he was afraid that he would not dare to make any attempts against the descendants of the Protoss, but he missed the best opportunity to resist, and in the later stage, he began to stop the people who fought against the Qin Dynasty, but it was already at the end of the crossbow, and it was useless. The other part of the peasant disciples, the reputation is not very good, there are also some disciples living in the lowest strata of the society, they are pitiful but hateful, because of their social status, many people after joining the peasant family, ********, but began to behave indiscriminately. Ji Ziyang said.

"Then this farmer is not a big family, and he is so casual." I say.

"It's just because of the large number of people in the farmhouse that it's not managed like this. However, the farmer left behind a lot of agricultural classics, so it is understandable to call it everyone. Ji Ziyang said.

"Well, even if you make sense." I say.

"There are also miscellaneous families, and the miscellaneous families are named because of the combination of Confucianism and ink, the joint name law, and the way of the hundred schools of thought. The "Spring and Autumn Period of the Lü Family", compiled by Lü Buwei, the prime minister of Qin, gathered his guests, is a typical collection of miscellaneous works. Miscellaneous families are known for absorbing the opinions of various families, and its emergence is the result of ideological and cultural integration in the process of establishing a unified feudal state. The miscellaneous family is eclectic to the hundreds of schools, but it is a little too complicated. And because the miscellaneous writings contain Taoist thoughts, some people think that the miscellaneous family is actually a new Taoist school. The miscellaneous family, which is listed among the sons, is a very distinct faction. At the end of the Warring States Period, after fierce social changes, feudal countries emerged one after another, and the new landlord class demanded political and ideological unity. Under this call, there was a miscellaneous school of thought that wanted to integrate the ideas of various schools into one, and the emergence of miscellaneous schools generally reflected the trend of academic and cultural integration at the end of the Warring States period. Although the miscellaneous family is only a collection of opinions and eclectic, it can also be called a family by collecting the opinions of each family and implementing its political intentions and academic propositions. ”

"Isn't this miscellaneous family just gossip? Just by plagiarizing other people's opinions, even if it is self-contained? I said.

"You don't know this, although the miscellaneous family does not have its own unique theory, but it is also an ability to combine the strengths of each family, and it is also an ability to summarize. If you think about it, it's not easy to just read through the rest of the schools and figure out the theories inside. Ji Ziyang said.

"If you say that, it makes sense."

"In addition to that, there are novelists."

"What novelist? Did I hear it wrong? I asked.

"You heard it right, it's called that, and that's how the novel came to be. One of the ten families of the nine streams of the pre-Qin Dynasty, it collected folklore and discussion to investigate folk customs and customs. The flow of novelists is covered by barnyard officials. The street talks and hears what the talkers have made. The novelist is a school of miscellaneous folk and ancient things in the pre-Qin and Western Han dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, a novelist was a type of person who recorded folk street conversations, and a novelist was classified as one of the hundred sons of ancient China. Novelists do mainly to record folk street talk and report to their superiors, but although novelists are their own family, they are regarded as non-streamers, Liu Xin is listed in the nine streams and ten, but novelists are not among the nine streams, and their influence is very small. However, the novelist reflects the aspect of the ancient common people's thoughts, which cannot be replaced by other nine-stream schools, so there is a saying that there are nine streams and ten schools. Ji Ziyang said.

"This is blatant discrimination, why is it that novelists are not in the stream." I say.

"It's really a bit wrongful to say this, at that time, I thought that people in the school of novelists were all nonsense, and these are more useful than those boring and boring historical records now." Ji Ziyang said.

"I see, but you still haven't said anything, have you?" I say.

"What home?"

"It's your Yin and Yang family." I say.

"Okay, I see, I forgot to say it. Our Yin-Yang family advocates the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang, and uses it to explain social personnel and get its name. When it originated from the ruling class in charge of the astronomical calendar in ancient times, the leader of the family was Zou Yan, a Qi man in the Warring States period. The theory of yin and yang believes that yin and yang are the positive and negative opposing and transforming forces of things themselves, which can be used to explain the laws of development and change of things. The Five Elements Theory holds that all things are composed of five elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water, and that there are two laws of mutual growth and mutual victory, which can be used to explain the origin and change of all things in the universe. Zou Yan synthesized the two, according to the theory that the five elements are mutually reciprocal and winning, interpreted the attributes of the five elements as the five virtues, and created the five virtues from the beginning, and used them as the law of the rise and fall of the dynasties, providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of the emerging unified dynasty. However, the works of our Yin and Yang family have very few circulation, and the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" contains 21 works of this school, all of which have been dispersed. Written in the late Warring States period, "The Book of Rites and the Order of the Moon" is said to be the work of the Onmyo. Some of the chapters in "Guanzi" are also the works of the Yin and Yang family, and some materials of the Yin and Yang family are preserved in the "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period: Ying Tong", "Huainanzi: Qi Customs", and "Historical Records: The Records of Qin Shi Huang". However, these are not the orthodox works of our Yin-Yang family, our Yin-Yang family believes that their ancestors are also gods, and they believe that the works cannot be recorded on paper, but should be passed on by word of mouth. So it was almost lost. ”

"The concept of yin and yang was first seen in the Book of Changes, and the concept of the five elements was first seen in the Book of Changes, but the emergence of these two concepts can be traced back to much earlier times. By the Warring States Period, Yin and Yang and the Five Elements gradually converged to form a new conceptual model, which was a cosmology based on the news of Yin and Yang and the transfer of the Five Elements. The Yin-Yang School was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period, and was named after the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang and the use of it to explain social personnel. ”

"It's really a bit weird and uncomfortable to introduce our family's affairs so objectively for the first time, but I think you should be most interested in the last family, that is, yourself." Ji Ziyang said.

"You're talking about my ancestors, the Hi clan!" (To be continued.) )