"Since the beginning of the 90s, the tremendous energy released by reform and opening up has made economic and social development advance by leaps and bounds. More and more young and middle-aged peasants will go to the cities on a large scale to work and do business, and the traditional way of subsistence in the countryside is no longer exists in many places. However, due to the constraints of household registration, housing, education, etc., it is not easy for migrant workers to establish themselves in the cities with their families. As a result, many migrant workers have to leave their families in the countryside and go to the cities on their own. As a result, a huge left-behind group 386199 army with women, children and the elderly as the main body has been formed in the rural areas! Fang's mother said.

"Isn't this a typical example of not doing a proper job, leaving aside farm work, abandoning the land, going to the city to work, and competing for jobs with city people." Grandma said simply and directly.

"Mom! It can't be said so simply, some people are forced to have no choice but to go into factories because the government has expropriated the land, cannot farm, cut off their livelihoods, and have to go into factories. And if you just cultivate the land alone, you can't get rich at all. Fang's father said.

"Hmmm! The long-term poor scissors in industry and agriculture have discouraged the enthusiasm of the peasants, which is also true, yes, a year of hard work is not enough to hand in. Grandma continued. It is no wonder that Zhengping vigorously developed the courtyard economy at the beginning, and it was also a rural sideline. ”

However, there are laid-off workers in the cities, while the unemployed urban people have no land, so the urban population has a difficult life, and the peasants have poured into the cities in large numbers, thus causing the dual contradiction between urban and rural areas to intensify. The best way to maintain social stability is to do its own thing. Dad Fang said dialectically.

"It's a good thing to say, but the world is difficult!" Fang Monan sighed for a long time. Thinking about him, he was worried about him.

"You girl." Dad Fang smiled dotingly, "Do your best to do some facts." ”

"We still have to make a fuss about agricultural and sideline products, so that the labor force will not leave the land." Fang's father said with some excitement, "The development of fruit and vegetable industry and breeding industry will not only increase income, but also reduce labor intensity." With such abundant natural resources, it is farmhouse + hot spring tourism. If you still get rich, even more than the income from your part-time job, you will not leave your homeland and your husband and wife will be separated. The child has no father and mother. The old man is also old and has nothing to rely on. ”

*******

"The sheep cannibalistic enclosure movement was stopped by the small people of Shengdou." Fang Menan scoffed. "If you can stop it, you can't stop the general trend."

"Alas! Up and down! Dad Fang said bitterly.

"How can sheep eat people?" Grandma asked puzzled.

"In the 14th and 15th centuries, in the process of the dissolution of serfdom. The new bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy in England violently drove the peasants off the land. Forcibly occupy peasants' share of land and public land. Deprive peasants of their land use rights and ownership rights, restrict or abolish their original rights to common cultivated land and animal husbandry, and enclose and occupy the land they have forcibly occupied. It has become a privately owned ranch and a large farm. "Due to the large increase in the sales of wool products during this period, in order to increase the amount of wool to meet the market, merchants used different methods to enclose and merge cultivated land, including privatizing public land and forcing small farmers to sell their land to increase the area of pastures. So it is called the enclosure movement of sheep eating people. ”

"We're not going to have that." Grandma said hesitantly, obviously lacking confidence.

"Businessmen are profit-seeking. Just as foreign chaebols are keen on capital investment, you dare to say that Chinese people dare not do this! ”

"It's already done! The development zone that is blooming everywhere, Zhengping's brother-in-law has a feeling! Didn't your last place be a development zone? Deserted. Han Zhiqian said.

"Just as when a city is developing, it does not hesitate to choose the latter when it is faced with food or the city, and many enterprises will be even more crazy when they enter this enclosure movement with funds. Perhaps, when only the bare towering buildings are left in the city, people will find out that money is used to buy food. Concrete blocks can't be exchanged for food. "Fang Mo Nandao." The people live on food! ”

"This Zhiqian has a deep understanding!" Fang Menan raised his eyes and said.

"Hehe......" Han Zhiqian scratched his head unconsciously. So this money to invest in more meaningful things, I think I have to think about how to win. ”

"In fact, the most terrible thing is not the enclosure, but the fact that some people take it for granted that development is to enclose the land! Since the initial stage of the market economy is to enclose land, how can we engage in a market economy without enclosing land, and how can we develop without enclosing land? It is precisely this understanding that makes many officials who forcibly demolish and strengthen the circle arrogant, and they still think that they are righteous. In fact, Marx made it very clear that the vicious enclosure was a matter before the market economy and had nothing to do with the market economy. Han Zhiqian said helplessly. Some people even quibble, even if it has nothing to do with the market economy, but Marx also said that the market economy still needs such a robbery-style primitive accumulation before it, so this is a necessary stage. ”

Fang Monan exploded when he heard it, "Bullshit! The British enclosure movement was clearly not so vicious, and it turned out that Britain developed into an empire on which the sun never sets; Today, the Nordic countries of the developed world, Switzerland and even Germany have not gone through any stage of primitive accumulation, but their economic development has caught up with others and has been better than those that have engaged in primitive accumulation. The primitive accumulation of Spain and Portugal was carried out earlier and frantically than that of England, but in the development of capitalism, these two countries are laggards and can hardly be compared with Britain.

North and South America were originally colonized by Europeans, and in the 17th century, South America's resource endowment and development conditions were far better than those of North America. The primitive accumulation of Latin immigrants in South America was also far greater than that of Anglo-Saxon immigrants in North America. However, the later development of the New World formed a sharp contrast between the rise and fall of the north and the decline of the south, and the important reason is that the main body of North American immigrants was the Puritan peasants who adhered to the Protestant ethics of diligence and thrift, entrepreneurship, and equal opportunities, while the main body of South American immigrants was a group of powerful ruffians who held the charter of the Latin monarch, who were good at 'grabbing money' and clumsy at 'doing business'. ”

Han Zhiqian couldn't help but laugh and said, "And nowadays, when talking about some current corrupt phenomena, some people will always say: 'The period of primitive accumulation is inevitable.'" Indeed, from academia to society, 'primitive accumulation' is a rather confusing concept. Look at our newspapers and magazines and see a local government publication boasting that the localities have 'completed primitive accumulation', and a television series calling the development of township enterprises 'the noblest process of primitive accumulation in human history'! Here, 'primitive accumulation' has become a compliment. ”

Fang Menan ridiculed, "The broadcast of "Alien Girl" in 91 caused a sensation and caused a big discussion at the time, and some of the 'shortcomings' at that time, such as the modern contract work system, internment sheds, and the sexual slavery of working girls, etc., but after the conversation changed, another voice preached and talked about the so-called 'sheep eating people' phenomenon during the period of Britain's 'capitalist primitive accumulation', saying that 'tens of thousands' of people died at that time. The implication is that our 'cost' is nothing compared to that. ”

"Speaking of which, there is another argument that the pains of reform and opening up are inevitable." Han Zhiqian was speechless. "The primitive accumulation stage is inevitable! Everything is forgivable. ”

"The term primitive accumulation is thought to have come from Marx. We all know Marx's famous quote: 'Capital comes into the world from head to toe, dripping with blood and filth from every pore.' This sentence is being quoted in two ways: in the past, people denounced 'capital for its 'blood and dirty' for attacking it, but now it is more because of the yearning for 'capital' and the 'blood and dirt'. The primitive accumulation in Marx's book is regarded as the 'primary stage' of capitalism, so the primitive accumulation here seems to have become a matter of course for the 'initial stage of the market economy'.

, it's a distortion. If you look at Capital, Marx never regarded 'primitive accumulation' as early capitalism, he didn't even use the term 'capitalist primitive accumulation'! ”

"Nannan! You still watch Capital at home. Dad Fang looked at her in surprise and said.

"Tsk...... What's so strange about this. Zhiqian still reads "Chairman Mao's Selected Works"! Weird, isn't it? Fang Menan raised his eyebrows and said.

"Really." Fang's father and they looked at Han Zhiqian in surprise.

"Surprised? A good book knows no borders or isms. Han Zhiqian shrugged. By the way, where did that phrase come from? ”

Fang Monan said, "Marx never said this sentence from beginning to end, until the new Soviet Russia after the October Revolution took advantage of the 'Red Terror' to implement the 'surplus grain collection system' under the conditions of wartime communism, and seized peasants' grain free of charge to supply the needs of Soviet Russia's entrepreneurship. In order to find a theoretical basis for this practice, the famous Bolshevik scholar B.M. Smirnov wrote an article in the "Truth Weekly", paraphrasing Marx's statement that 'capitalist accumulation' should be preceded by 'so-called primitive accumulation', and that 'socialist accumulation' must be preceded by 'primitive accumulation', which he called 'socialist primitive accumulation' to distinguish it from 'capitalist primitive accumulation'. This was the beginning of the term 'capitalist primitive accumulation'. This theory of 'two primitive accumulations' was soon widely accepted by the theoretical circles of Soviet Russia at that time. Bukharin devotes considerable space in his Transitional Economics to the comparison of 'socialist primitive accumulation' with 'capitalist primitive accumulation'. Preobrazhensky's "New Economics" is a work devoted to the problem of 'socialist primitive accumulation', and there is also a great deal of discussion on the comparison of the two kinds of 'primitive accumulation'. The book argues that, just as capitalism has historically obtained preconditions by snatching capital for trading, socialist Soviet Russia must first 'exploit' the peasants by coercive means to establish a state-run economy before the state-run economy can achieve 'socialist accumulation' according to the laws of the planned economy, and this process 'has the same economic essence in relation to socialist production as the economic substance of capitalist primitive accumulation in relation to capitalist production'. The only difference is that because the Russian state has greater coercive and monopoly power, it has a greater capacity for 'accumulation by non-economic coercive methods'. At the same time, since Soviet Russia did not have 'colonies' for 'exploitation', it was all the more necessary to engage in 'primitive accumulation' of its own peasants.

So the task of the Russian state was not to 'take less from the small production-peasants than capitalism from them', but to 'take more' from the latter. (To be continued......)

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