——From anti-Qing to Shunqing to despair

The post house blows reed leaves, and the pavilion dances the branches. When we meet in the wind and snow, I remember last year's remnant candles shining on the clothes.

Qushui flows shallow in the east, and the mountains look at the north of the fan. Chang'an books are sent from afar, and it is another year of autumn to the end of the world.

——(Qing) Mao Qiling "Nan Kezi"

I once read the famous cultural essay "The Back of a Dynasty", and the author deliberately gave many examples in order to explain the sage of the Qing court, especially the Kangxi Emperor. One of them is that Huang Zongxi insisted on opposing the Qing Dynasty and ignored the flattering eyes that Emperor Kangxi threw at him, but he seemed to be moved by Emperor Kangxi's true feelings in the end, and he was embarrassed to go out of the mountain, so he let his son become an official of the Qing court. When the author wrote this, he was so moved that he said again and again, you see, even Huang Zongxi, who has such a resolute anti-Qing attitude, thinks that his son can live a good life under Emperor Kangxi! The implication seems to be: What reason do you have to speak ill of the Qing Dynasty? Is there any reason not to worship Kangxi, the first emperor of the ages?

Wretched! When Huang Zongxi died, his son Huang Baijia was afraid of the obscenity of the Qing court, so when he wrote "Xinglu" to Huang Zongxi, his deeds were so simple that he wished to dilute the handwriting and close to nothing. It wasn't until decades later that Quan Zuwang, who was not afraid of death, made every effort to collect materials for Huang Zongxi and write a "resume". A generation of Confucianism has not had a tombstone for more than 40 years! Could it be that this is the happy and beautiful life that some people talk about Huang Zongxi and his son in the hands of Emperor Kangxi?

In the earth-shaking upheaval at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Han scribes also experienced unprecedented spiritual pain. Many people threw themselves into the anti-Qing battle without hesitation. After the defeat of the battle, some people were martyred, some people wandered the world to sow the fire of the future, and of course, some people had no choice but to surrender. Like the example of living a good life in the hands of Kangxi given by some people, in fact, there is no need to look for it in the second generation of anti-Qing righteous people, and it is completely possible to find examples in those who resisted the Qing Dynasty and later returned to the Qing court, such as Mao Qiling, a master of Puxue in the early Qing Dynasty.

Mao Qiling (1623-1713) was a scholar who experienced ups and downs in his life and lived a long life. He lived in the Ming Dynasty for 20 years, and both his spiritual temperament and his style of conduct had some characteristics of the late Ming literati. At first, Mao Qiling's national consciousness was still very strong, and when the Qing soldiers went south to the south of the Yangtze River, he, as a scholar, still threw his pen into Rong without hesitation and went into battle to kill the enemy. After all, the last days are difficult to reverse by manpower, and after the military defeat, Mao Qiling fled to the deep mountains and took refuge. Later, seeing that the limelight was not so tight, he gradually appeared in the world again, but the Qing court had been paying close attention to him, and soon wanted him for crimes such as "disobedience", "resistance to testing", and "gathering people to kill battalion soldiers". Mao Qiling fled away, wandered the world, and wrote famous articles such as "Continuing to Mourn Jiangnan Fu". If he runs away from the rivers and seas like this in the second half of his life, his experience with Gu Yanwu will be very similar, "he will be free to wander the world, and he will be alone in the world", and he will leave a noble and strong figure to future generations.

However, at this time, the emperor Kangxi, who was praised and even worshiped by countless later Chinese, rumbled into history. is really a saint, the Yellow River is clear, and the Qing court will soon grant amnesty to the world, and even people like Mao Qiling who have done real things with the Qing court are within the scope of pardon. That holy decree, as warm as spring, dispelled the clouds and fog on Mao Qiling's escape road, and made him feel that his life was beginning to shine on the earth for a new year! Mao Qiling's anti-Qing consciousness was not shaken at the moment of life and death, but in the olive branches and roses thrown by the Qing court, and in the infinite affection conveyed by the emperor's thousands of instructions, it turned into a finger-twisting softness - his heart moved.

Mao Qiling returned to his hometown safely, and he actually donated money to be a prisoner, he once insisted on the distinction of Yixia, and he even felt that he could live a good life in the hands of Emperor Kangxi. How can such an excellent subject matter not enter the eyes of some people? Wouldn't such an example more powerfully illustrate that in the hands of Kangxi, no matter men, women, children, women, virtuous and foolish, all kinds of people, etc., can live a happy and happy life than Huang Zongxi's fake letting his son go out of the mountain on his behalf?

Such a good court transformed the hatred in Mao Qiling's heart into the ambition to achieve a career under Emperor Kangxi. Great times, great times, compared to the chaotic disputes of various families at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it really can't be the same day, we must cherish it! Later, he was erudite and Confucian, entered Beijing with a smile, and was awarded the review support of the Hanlin Academy with a smile, and entered the History Museum to pre-study the "History of the Ming Dynasty" with a smile. And Gu Yanwu, who fled after the defeat of the army like him, resolutely refused to revise the history of the Ming Dynasty for the Qing court. Originally, the same life path was completely separated.

Facts have proved that Mao Qiling really had the intention to work hard under Emperor Kangxi and do a great career at that time. In the process of revising the history of the Ming Dynasty, he was sharp and quarreled with others about some views and practices, which can be seen in his dedication and dedication. But he soon discovered that his efforts seemed child's play. The thought and editing of the history of the Ming Dynasty cannot tolerate the interference of people like him. Mao Qiling did not hesitate to go out of the mountains to serve the Qing court in the name of a second minister, but his surging blood was poured with a basin of ice water, so in just a few years, he soon returned to the south after illness, and has lived in seclusion ever since.

This farce of being an official in the course of his life has caused great damage to Mao Qiling's psychology. You can imagine that when your enemy says that he no longer hates you and that he is in love with you, and your heart is finally softened by him, and even finally falls in love with him, and wants to get together to make love, only to be slapped and spit back by him...... Oh, what a hurt!

However, after returning to his hometown in humiliation this time, Mao Qiling was able to concentrate on his studies, wrote hundreds of volumes, and became a famous Pu scholar, which on the contrary achieved his position in the history of Qing Dynasty ideology and scholarship, which was a blessing.

Mao Qiling has written a lot, covering all aspects of his work, and his views are very bold. For example, Zhu Xi's "Annotations to the Four Books, Chapters and Sentences", which was used as a textbook for the imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing dynasties, has always been worshiped by scholars, but Mao Qiling wrote "Four Books to Correct Mistakes", specifically exposing Zhu Xi's mistakes in annotations, which amounted to more than 400 places! It's a shocking move.

At this time, Mao Qiling still had a residual love for the Qing court. He wanted to present the "Four Books of Correction of Mistakes" to the emperor during Emperor Kangxi's southern tour, and some experts said that his direct purpose in doing so was to get Emperor Kangxi to abolish the eight-share system of taking scholars, even if it could not be abolished, he hoped that the thinking of the imperial court would not be too rigid. However, Mao Qiling mislooked and underestimated Emperor Kangxi!

In order to alleviate national contradictions and consolidate his rule, Emperor Kangxi once pardoned Mao Qiling and other anti-Qing Jiangnan scribes, which not only won the gratitude of Mao Qiling, but also won the infinite favor of the literati hundreds of years later. However, Emperor Kangxi soon discovered that many Han literati were too restless and uninteresting, and when he gave him a candy to eat, he shook his head and tail, smacked his lips, and salivated in his mouth; Say a few good words to him, and he even came up to you affectionately and coquettishly made a little temperament in your arms, which is really annoying.

As a result, Emperor Kangxi, who is eloquent and strategic, always stands at the forefront of society, has an extremely keen sense of smell and is good at capturing bad breaths, and is ready to take some people to kill chickens and show monkeys. Soon, the "Nanshan Collection" case occurred, Fang Xiaobiao was killed, Dai Mingshi was beheaded, and Zhu Xi, who was about to offer a book to refute it, was listed as the eleventh philosopher of Dacheng Palace. This qiē once again made Mao Qiling fall into an ice cave. If he had offered the book in advance, he still wondered if he would have been able to save his life!

If "Four Books to Correct Mistakes" is really dedicated to a loose dynasty, it may become a book that changes Chinese history, or at least it will be a sensation throughout the country, and Mao Qiling will become famous all over the world. But in front of Kangxi, who admired Zhu Xi's science and used violence to promote **, Mao Qiling's dedication to the book was scared away, but he still kept the white-haired head on his head.

Finally, on a dim evening, Mao Qiling, who was nearly ninety years old, trembled and took out the woodblock plate of "Four Books to Correct Mistakes" that had been engraved, and asked his family to chop and burn it, and he could not include it in his own collection "The Complete Works of Xihe".

At that moment, in the jumping flames, in the crackling burning sound, in the rising and distorted green smoke, the twilight of Mao Qiling burst into tears and wept silently.

He remembered his flamboyance in his youth, so much so that he even took many aliases in his life, and he couldn't wait to fully show his personality.

He remembered his pen when the mountains and rivers were broken and went into battle, only for the continuation of the national lineage of the society, and he wanted to die with the strong enemy.

He remembered that he had died at the end of the world, like a lonely goose flying far away, making Yi people sigh to themselves and the sea of clouds was at a loss. Despite all the hardships and dangers, I have never regretted it.

He remembered all the farces of his donation to Beijing after he was pardoned, and returned to his hometown with pride, and he knew that if he was in vain, he would only bring him a lifetime of scars.

He remembered that he had left a lot of writings in his life of poetry and wine in seclusion, but he almost caused death because of his proudest work dedicated to Ming Jun, so it was burned, which became a hidden pain that cannot be changed in Chinese history.

The frivolous young man, the sad young man, the tired middle-aged, the desperate old man, the mixed life experience, are finally fixed on the tearful face behind the green smoke, the old country is like dust, the old people are like a dream, there is no way to say infinite things, he really has no courage to turn back.

===Split line===

On May 14th, A.D. On this day of 1878, Okubo Ritsu, one of the three great masters of the Meiji Restoration, was assassinated and killed, and it is said that this gang called himself "Oriental Bismarck"

A.D. On this day in 1955, Lucia pulled the same comrade + brother in Eastern Europe to sign the Treaty of Washington.

A.D. On this day in 1991, Li Desheng's third wife, Li Yunyun, committed suicide. In fact, Li Yunyu should be Li Desheng's fourth wife! However, Li Desheng has never admitted his first marriage, because it was a arranged marriage.

In addition, Tomoko Akitani (Fujiwara Hazuki / Hatsuki of Little Witch Doremi) is birthday today.