"Sayings" has clouds: county, department also. From the department, hold the county will will.

The county is the local administrative division of our country since ancient times, except for the exception of the Spring and Autumn Period, when the county was larger than the county, it has always been the most basic system; In the huge state apparatus, it seems so insignificant, so it is logical to give the nickname "sesame official" to the official who presides over the county government.

Don't look at the taste of the county officials, the more they are degraded, but the emperor pays more and more attention to his candidates and roles. For example, in the Han Dynasty, although there was a saying that "Lang officials slaughtered a hundred miles", only a qualified Shang Shulang could serve as a county commander. In the feudal era, the imperial power did not go to the countryside, and the county level was the smallest and most important administrative unit, shouldering the burden of the upper court and the lower township. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were six departments in the imperial court and six rooms in the county. Well done, the county official is also called the "parent official"; If it is not done well, it is "breaking the prefect of the house and destroying the county order", which shows the great power of it.

Even in modern times, county-level units remain the cornerstone of the state's administrative functioning. All departments owned by the central government are basically at the county level, and in many cases they will multiply. The vast majority of later party and state leaders, as well as high-ranking officials at the provincial and ministerial levels, have been tempered by the post of secretary of the county party committee. After happily reaching a gentleman's agreement with his father, Zhang Hanqing worked hard and made every effort to carry out a comprehensive administrative pilot for Xinmin, and his ambitions could finally be displayed.

Its results will determine the future of China, because his initiator is the young marshal.

At the beginning of the founding of the party, he clearly defined the plan for party and government official positions in the "Regulations on Local Organizations of the People's Party." In the future, the four levels of government at the provincial, city, county, and township levels will all be under the collective responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee. Taking the Fengtian Provincial Party Committee as an example, the long-term structure is to set up a troika of the secretary of the provincial party committee, the deputy secretary of the provincial party committee and the governor. The full-time deputy secretary is the second deputy secretary and the third secretary, which is also a good structure for later generations to accumulate countless experiences, which not only reduces redundancy but also reduces internal friction. As the party's control over the government and the legislative assembly, the provincial party secretary is also the speaker of the provincial assembly.

The deputy secretary is in charge of the party and the masses on a full-time basis, and has personnel powers, as well as public safety and liaison with the Public Procuratorate and Justice Department. In addition, the party's organization ministers, propaganda ministers, and discipline inspection commission ministers are all ex-officio standing committee members. Since the secretary's duties outside the party are mainly responsible for uniting other parties and public relations, that is, controlling the direction of parliaments at all levels, the chief of the United Front Work Department is his main assistant, but it is generally not normal.

The executive vice governor and a vice governor in the government are also natural standing committee members, as well as a secretary general of the provincial party committee, secretary of the party committee of the provincial capital city, and the commander of the provincial garrison area, a total of 11 standing committee members. This will become customized, unless specifically approved by the Central Standing Committee, there are no exceptions.

All candidates for the Standing Committee of lower-level Party committees are decided by higher-level Party committees, while Organization Ministers, Propaganda Ministers, and Discipline Inspection Commission Ministers are all subject to the dual leadership of the secretaries at the same level and similar organs at higher levels, so as to avoid the absolute power of the top party and government leaders to the greatest extent. In particular, Zhang Hanqing, director of the Discipline Inspection Commission in charge of discipline within the party, has a job design requirement that he can effectively prevent corruption in party and government organs at the same level, especially in the top party and government leaders, and can also be effectively restrained to prevent internal corruption.

One innovation is that under the 11 Standing Committee system, each Standing Committee member has his own business in charge of and has the extremely important right to nominate personnel in charge of his own affairs, so that the interference of the top leader can be restrained in personnel power. In addition, if a personnel bill to which the Organization Department or the Discipline Inspection Commission Department raised objections is forcibly voted on, the Standing Committee members who voted in favor of it shall be jointly and severally liable if it is later proved that there was a problem during this period. In this way, for those who are promoted with illness, weighing their black yarn hats, many people will carefully consider the risks many times, right?

These thoughts on the general direction were only on paper before, but now, in Xinmin County, they will become a reality and test this system.

In line with the provisions of the People's Party Organization Measures, the Xinmin County political organs will also adopt the system of centralization. In line with the 11 standing committee systems at the provincial level, there are also 11 standing committee members at the county level.

The principle of the construction of the administrative structure is to merge what can be merged and reduce what can be reduced, and in principle, in the future, it is possible to increase the number of staff in equal proportion as appropriate with the increase of population, but the organization should not be replaced too much. You know, redundancy has always been a big problem. Repeated establishment has always been a major problem in the history of China's administration and also in the history of world administration, and almost every government in the world is no exception, especially after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the reform of administrative organs has fallen into a vicious circle of streamlining, expanding, streamlining, and reexpanding. In particular, when the reform and opening up entered the deep-water area, in order to "grab" occupy an index, many provinces, cities and counties have enclosed land to build industrial zones, free trade zones, and experimental zones regardless of the conditions, so that there are more administrative places, or the level can take the opportunity to move upwards. It's not a question of staffing, it's a question of people.

Zhang Hanqing thinks that the method was thought up by people, and a certain brother will expand the establishment in the future? Well, first report the reasons to the organization, and under the principle that the ratio of civil servants to citizens cannot be broken, the unit structure can be appropriately adjusted. But to break the line, it is necessary to explain why the ex can do well, is it incompetent? The organization department is considering a replacement! It's about the black gauze hat, if you don't believe it, you dare to mess around!

It's not that Zhang Hanqing is extreme, but that there are outrageously many redundant people who have crossed the former Chinese officialdom.

I once saw such a piece of information before the crossing: China's financially supported population was 41.69 million in 2000, of which 8.84 million were administrative and 32.85 million were in public institutions; But by 2007, it had risen to 47.24 million, of which the administrative population reached 13.33 million, an increase of more than half. In many counties, the government agencies and units are purely "food finance", that is, the financial resources of the local government can only barely pay, or even fully guarantee the basic salary of the financial supporters, let alone provide effective public services. It has been reported that there are as many as 14 deputy county magistrates in a remote and impoverished county, and there are dozens of county-level cadres in a county, including deputies to the people's congresses, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and other departments, as well as cadres who enjoy the benefits of the county and department levels. There are also small counties with 3.5 million people and hundreds of departments! There is a very detailed division of labor between so many "cadres" and administrative units, and between deputy leading cadres and departments, and there is overlapping appointments, which not only increases the cost of ruling but also reduces the efficiency of governing. One more person, one more department, it's the people who suffer!

In fact, the solution is very simple, especially at the beginning of the founding of the country, the network of intertwined relations has not yet been formed, and at this time, the rules are well established, and as long as there are good constraints on people, especially the number one leader, the problem of the expansion of the administrative establishment is not a problem at all. Like a county, the county magistrate is in charge of the overall work, the executive deputy county magistrate assists, and there are three to four ordinary deputy county magistrates, who are responsible for industry, agriculture, finance and economics, and people's livelihood. There are so many directly subordinate departments, and if they don't handle things well, they can only show that they are either incompetent or unjust.

Industry of course refers to large industries, such as the Energy Bureau, the Construction Bureau, the Electric Power Bureau, the Transportation Bureau, the China Merchants Bureau and other departments, all belong to this category. The reason why it is so big is that social development is ever-changing, and it is impossible to set it in such detail, but just standardize it.

Agriculture includes the Agriculture Bureau, the Water Conservancy Bureau, the Forestry Bureau, and the Animal Husbandry Bureau in the part near the grassland, and most of the work of the Land Reform Committee is entrusted to it.

Finance and Economics encompasses the main work of the Finance Bureau, the Inland Revenue Bureau, the Industry and Commerce Bureau, and the Finance and Economics Committee.

People's livelihood includes civil affairs bureaus, education, science, culture and health, and ethnic and religious affairs.

The same county, the population is more or less, the geography is large or small, and many of them are formed by history. Xinmin is a very large county, and the institutional establishment has been set, will other counties be copied according to this structure in the future? Of course it doesn't make sense. In ancient times, there were also upper counties, middle counties, and lower counties, and at the beginning of the Republic of China, there were also first-class counties and second-class counties. Is it possible to set a rule, just take Xinmin County as the blueprint, as a type A county, and be fully compiled according to the system; Counties with less than 70% of the number of people are B counties, and the establishment is about 80% of the A counties? Well, it can be considered. In this way, when an official is transferred at the same level, he can be transferred from a county B to a county A, which can be regarded as a kind of promotion without post or salary. The number of deputy county magistrates is linked to the rank of the county, with four in first-class counties and three in second-class counties.

As for the ministerial responsibility system in the executive branch, it was also a major problem for later generations. Which is bigger, the director or the secretary? Which is bigger, the police station chief or the instructor? It has always been the focus of the struggle of officials. If the chief executive has great power, then how can the leadership of the party be embodied? If the secretary has a lot of power, then what else can the minister do?

In Zhang Hanqing's immature thoughts, this matter is easy to hear! Since it is only a matter of professional field, the expertise of professionals should be respected. This is especially evident in the army: neither the Guards Brigade nor the Guards Division has a political commissar on a par with the chief officer, but is replaced by the head of the political department subordinate to the command. The chief officer is responsible for fighting, how can someone always hinder him? After all, people who fight wars are professionals! However, the unrestrained chief officer is a disaster at some special moments, so the party committee responsibility system led by the chief officer came into being.

In terms of rank, the director of the political department at the same level is lower than the chief officer at the same level, such as the brigade commander and the director of the brigade political department, but the political department is a dispatched organ at a higher level, and is not directly subordinate to the organization at the same level organizationally, and has extremely strong powers---- the right to veto non-combat missions and the right to supervise generals at all levels (including the chief general), such as the evaluation, scheduling, ideological evaluation, and even military law disposition of military cadres.

Moreover, when major events occur, including differences in military operational thinking, the director of the political department can intervene: he can request that a party committee be convened to discuss and vote on a decision. When it is impossible to obtain instructions from the superiors, the supreme military command organization composed of five people, including the military chief, the deputy commander, the chief of staff, the director of the political department, and the quartermaster minister (Zhang Hanqing believes that the name of the baggage department at this time in the Republic of China is too one-sided, while the quartermaster has both logistics and equipment functions) can decide on the plan according to the number of votes, and the chief officer must obey.

Returning to the administrative aspect, since the director of the bureau is also the secretary, there is an executive deputy minister, a deputy director of operations, a deputy secretary of personnel, and a secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, forming a principal and two deputy directors to take charge of business, and two party cadres are in charge of personnel and discipline, and they have become members of the five-member party group to deal with major affairs in the bureau, similar to the standing committee system in government units.