Chapter 620 Pros and cons

"There are three ways to change the market: to settle the guarantee on credit, one also; The deed of gold and silver resists, and the two also; Trade and relocation of goods, three also. ”

The first "guarantee on credit" refers to lending to a credit lender who has not offset the property.

"The city is easy to law, listen to people on credit. If there is no resistance, the three people will give it to each other, and they will pay two-tenths of the interest. In addition to not losing interest after expiration, a penalty of 2% per month will be imposed. ”

If it is a royal family, there is no need to be paid, as long as "three or more people are insured together", and the identity certificate issued by the main secretary of the sect, you can get a loan, and the credit amount is "and the interest shall not exceed the amount of two months' money".

For ordinary households, the credit amount is lower.

Article 2, "The deed is worth gold and silver", which is the most important provision of the Municipal Law.

The pawn sale and arrival of the Great Song Dynasty must have a guarantor, so this law is also called the "guarantee on credit" law.

The objects of the gold and silver in the deed are divided into three categories, one is the big businessman who acts as the official of the city, the second is the person who shops teeth in Beijing, and the third is the ordinary household.

The Municipal Law stipulates that the Municipal Officials shall be appointed by the imperial court, and the supervisors and the big businessmen who are engaged in official recruitment shall be appointed as the officials, and the three shall be "offset by real estate and the money of official loans".

It also stipulates that "it is allowed to summon the people who shop in the Zhuxing industry in Beijing to fill the pedestrians and teeth, and the insiders order the supply to be all owned, or borrow other people's property gold and silver to offset the pawn, and more than five people will be charged with one guarantee." ”

Ordinary households that are not in the city shall be allowed to pay on credit in accordance with the amount of material resources that are worth it", and the amount of credit shall not exceed the value of the credit.

Article 3, the relocation of goods and goods, the implication is that the city is personally involved in the purchase and sale of goods, so that goods and goods can circulate and prices are stable, and the original intention is similar to the method of regular liquidation to stabilize grain prices.

To put it bluntly, the city is to buy goods from foreign merchants first, and then lend the goods on credit to the big merchants in Beijing who contract the city trade services, and the big businessmen subcontract to the small merchants, and the small merchants repay after selling the things. In addition to the handling fee, an additional 20% annual interest will be charged on the invalid fee, and a penalty interest of 2% per month will be charged if the payment is overdue.

In fact, this is a kind of forced borrowing, and then there is a monopoly of the national market, and there is also the collusion between officials and businessmen to be both referees and players.

Wang Anshi appointed Lu Jiawen to raise this matter, and Lu Jiawen was the "family thief" of the Lu family, and later in the "History of the Song Dynasty", he was separated from Lu Gongbi's writings and Lu Gongbi and other senior officials of the Lu family.

Lu Jiawen wrote a letter after sorting out the provisions of the city's Yi Law, and there was an important article in his suggestion: "The annexation house is more solid and profitable, so that the city is aware of it, and the three divisions are applied to follow the law." ”

Zhao Ji thought that this article gave the city too much power and cut it down. Liu Xiaosun said: "Here I see Your Majesty's generosity and love for the people. ”

An Shi said: "The filial grandson praised this matter, thinking that it was a holy government, and the ministers were foolish and said that this was the secret of the holy government." ”

It means that the abolition of this article will leave the annexation house unconstrained, which will weaken the effect of the market law.

Because this law is under the banner of easy profit in the border cities along the border of Shaanxi, and the government and the people are all convenient, and Lu Jiawen is even more punishable, not for the Sitong business, then the hell!

Therefore, Su You resolutely refused to take the blame and immediately expressed strong opposition in the chapter.

First of all, do all commodities have to be traded before they can be bought and sold after they enter the market? If there is no restriction on the types of goods, the people who lend money from the city will pay a handling fee first, and then pay two cents of interest after the sale, then their annual profit will be at least more than 30%.

If it is a commodity with a huge price difference, it is fine, but if it is an ordinary small commodity, can there be such a high profit? Aren't the people losing money after selling their things and paying off their loans?

If this phenomenon occurs, how can the city solve it? One can only be to lower the purchase price, isn't this contrary to the original intention of protecting the merchants entering Beijing? The second is to increase the selling price, isn't this a loss for the ordinary people and consumers in Bianjing?

If the purpose of the imperial court is to protect commerce, inhibit mergers and promote circulation, it is actually very simple.

If the goal is to break the monopoly of big businessmen and prevent foreign businessmen from suffering, the only way to replace them is to replace them with the government.

Let the guild deacons be institutionalized and diversified, introduce small and medium-sized businessmen to join them, allocate a quota for the number of households, vote collectively on major events, and pass by more than two-thirds, so that the guild is not a hall of words in the house of annexation, plus government supervision, isn't it done?

The goods of merchants entering Beijing are subject to open bidding, breaking the entry threshold, anyone can participate, and the price is handed over to the market, isn't it done?

As for the small households that have no capital and those who have no ability to repay, they belong to the objects of support, not the objects of production.

If you want to support them, don't charge interest, exclude them from the performance of officials, and don't let the implementers who torture them change from big businessmen to officials, which will make the disaster even worse!

Always remember that the saying that loans are risky, and in order to make a profit from loans, you must first guard against risks.

If you want to eat interest, you must first beware of losing the principal!

It's not to force people to pawn houses as houses, but to do things in front, at the starting point, and don't let this kind of thing happen at all!

Like farmers, the capital is their land, the income is the grain they grow, and the commercial tax is their contribution to the country.

What the government should do is to train more people who have land to plant, water to water, and food to save, so that they can contribute.

Otherwise, it can only lead to the people being difficult to establish a business, fleeing and abandoning, for business, it is a decrease in the population engaged in business, the market is depressed, the circulation is not smooth, and then the workshop is withered, the price is expensive, the original intention and the result, will be in the opposite direction!

Let's talk about the problems existing in this method:

First, the seasonal price difference of some commodities is not large, "the price increase or decrease, it is difficult to regularize, and the increase or decrease in the price of a state or a county must not be far apart, then the goods may accumulate and it will be difficult to sell." After the bank takes out a loan on credit, it will not earn 30 percent within a year, and there is a risk of losing money. How to fix it?

Second, the government intervenes in the circulation of commodities as a money lender, but there is a fixed ratio between the interest money of the city and the money of the city, so the officials of the city must rely on the "penalty interest" in order to expand their political performance.

With the increase in penalty interest, will the market change law become a usury that exploits the people?

Third, the penalty interest will inevitably lead to more and more debts owed by merchants to the market, which cannot be recovered, resulting in the bankruptcy of loan households, and making it difficult to sustain the credit law.

Fourth, the power of the municipal affairs is excessive, and the income of the municipal affairs engaged in the wholesale of commodities does not belong to the state finance, but is at the disposal of the municipal officials.

In fact, this is to allow the officials of the city to take the lead and use the capital of the city to "buy" goods and goods from foreign merchants, and then wholesale and "sell them at an expensive price" to local merchants for retail.

In this process, the principal and interest of the credit loans, which should have been borne by the municipal officials who "bought the goods at a low price", were all passed on to the retail merchants.

In order to obtain the zero price difference, expand the amount of credit loans, and pass on the principal and interest of credit loans, the officials of the city will inevitably force merchants to "buy from the market", so that the city will become a market monopoly institution that "hijacks the government and merges". How to avoid it? How to fix it?

Fifth, since the city is based on the amount of interest collected as the reward and punishment standard, and the city is able to collect more interest in order to improve its political performance, how to ensure that there will be no coercion and inducement of households to take credit as an incident?

Sixth, the money that should be lent to businessmen will inevitably turn into pure usury in order to improve their political performance. How to fix it?

Seventh, if such a phenomenon occurs, it will inevitably cause losses to the credit buyers, and does it need to be supervised? How can I avoid it?

Eighth, the book says that the market is easy to buy at a low price, and sell at a low price when the price is expensive. The so-called "cheap to buy, expensive to sell", but in order to make a profit, will officials "buy at a low price without being cheap, and sell at a high price if they are not expensive"? How to avoid it? How is it supervised?

Ninth, will there be illegal operations by officials? For example, that is, buying on credit from the market under the guise of others; For example, let those who do not buy on credit pay for nothing; For example, the merchants were ordered not to go to other counties, mostly to stay in difficulty; For example, manipulating prices for personal gain?