On 22 October, revolutionaries Jiao Dafeng, Chen Zuoxin, and constitutionalists jointly led the Hunan New Army in an uprising in Changsha. killed Huang Hao, the commander of the patrol battalion, and the governor Yu Chengge absconded. The rebel army formed a military government. The government declared Hunan independent from the Qing court, and Jiao Dafeng and Chen Zuoxin were promoted to the chief and deputy governors.

Jiao Dafeng, formerly known as Dapeng, the word Jusun, was a native of Dafeng Village, Longfu Town, Liuyang, Hunan, and "Dafeng" was signed by him when he was in Japan.

Jiao Dafeng was born into a wealthy landlord family, he entered a private school at the age of four, and he was extremely intelligent, and he was able to compose poetry at the age of nine. In 1899, he entered the Nantai Higher Primary School of Liuyang County, began to accept new knowledge, and gradually developed anti-Qing ideas because of his dissatisfaction with the corruption of the Qing court. At the age of sixteen, he was introduced to join the Hung Fu Society, an experience that laid the foundation for his long-term engagement in the work of the Association after his dedication to the revolution.

With the Meiji Restoration, Japan embarked on the road to the independence of a rich country, so in 1903, he entered the Changsha Higher School to study, and studied Japanese to prepare for his stay in Japan. In 1905, Jiao Dafeng went to Japan to study at his own expense, and studied railway management and blasting technology at the East Asia Railway School in Tokyo. Studying in Japan broadened Jiao Dafeng's horizons and prompted him to embark on the road of revolution.

In August, the League was established, and Jiao Dafeng joined the League to engage in party liaison work. In 1906, Jiao Dafeng was ordered by Huang Xing to return to Hunan to participate in the Pingli-Liuzhou Uprising, and served as the liaison staff officer of Li Jinqi, commander-in-chief of the Liuyang Hui Party's iron-blooded army. After the failure of the uprising, Jiao Dafeng was wanted by the Qing court and fled to Japan.

In 1907, Jiao Dafeng served as the head of the investigation department of the newly established League and became the backbone of the League. Dissatisfied with the League's strategy of concentrating all its efforts on South China, Jiao Dafeng, Zhang Baixiang, Sun Wu and others organized and established the Communist Association in Japan in an attempt to carry out revolution in the central region of the Yangtze River Valley.

At the beginning of 1909, Jiao Dafeng and Sun Wu were ordered to return to China to plan an uprising, and in April, the general organ of the Communist Advancement Association was established in Hankou. In August, Jiao Dafeng went to Hunan to establish the organ of the Hunan Communist Association, and actively contacted and gathered the Hunan and Jiangxi Hui parties to enter the Communist Association to prepare the foundation for the future uprising.

Before the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou in April 1911, Jiao Dafeng planned and prepared in Hunan to respond to it. However, the Huanghuagang Uprising failed miserably, and Jiao Dafeng had no choice but to go to Wuhan with Yang Ren and others to discuss with Sun Wu and others about the two lakes to raise righteousness. In July, he returned to Hunan and stepped up his liaison with the New Army and the patrol battalion, and persuaded the constitutionalists to cooperate.

Chen Zuoxin, a native of Liuyang, Hunan, is a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary. In 1899, he accompanied Tang Cai to contact the party in Hunan and prepare for the event. In 1902, he entered the Benmu School in Hunan Province to study military affairs, and after graduation, he served as the platoon commander of the 25th Mixed Artillery Battalion of the New Army, and then became the platoon commander of the 49th Standard Infantry Platoon, and was dismissed from his post for advocating the revolution. In 1905, he joined the China League. In 1909, the association established a special class and a surveying and mapping class, and served as instructors. In the spring of 1910, there was a rice rush in Changsha, and he refused to participate in the suppression, planning to take the opportunity to revolt, and was dismissed again. He remained in Changsha and carried out revolutionary activities in the New Army.

Wuchang Shouyi succeeded in one fell swoop. When the news reached Hunan, people rushed to tell each other and rejoiced. Jiao Dafeng was not convinced until three days after the uprising, and he immediately convened an emergency meeting to discuss the matter of responding to the Wuchang uprising, and sent people to Liuyang to inform the Hongjiang Society that it was preparing to enter the provincial capital. On the 13th, Chen Zuoxin came forward and convened a meeting of An Dingchao, a representative of the New Army, and others to discuss the military action plan.

On 14 July, delegates from all walks of life, including the constitutionalists, were convened for a meeting. More than 30 delegates attended the meeting, and Lan Zong and Pang Guangzhi, representatives of the Hubei Army, were invited to attend, and the meeting decided that Hunan would set up a wartime coordination department of the China Alliance headed by Jiao Dafeng and Chen Zuoxin, which would be responsible for leading the uprising, and it was scheduled to raise an uprising on October 20 in response to the Wuchang uprising. Due to the failure of the party members to arrive as scheduled, it was planned to postpone the uprising until the 23rd.

On the 20th, Chen Zuoxin learned that the party member Rao Yunjun was arrested when he went to the patrol camp of the Shuiluzhou Movement, and was detained in the 50th standard confinement room to be beheaded; Huang Zhonghao, commander of the patrol battalion, asked Governor Yu Chengge to give an order to transfer all new troops out of Changsha on the 22nd, and mobilize the strong brigade of the patrol battalion to defend themselves in the provincial wall. The situation was urgent, Jiao Dafeng and Chen Zuoxin discussed and decided to advance the uprising to the 22nd.

In the early morning of October 22, the Changsha New Army officially announced its uprising. The forty-nine standard representative An Dingchao released three signal flares to the sky, and stood on the stone bench on the playground to announce Jiao Dafeng's combat order. The uprising team attacked the city in two ways, one was led by Jiao Dafeng and Peng Yousheng in the rear of the 2nd Battalion of the 49th Standard, and entered the city from the North Gate with the 50th Standard and the horse team to occupy the Lotus Pond Military Uniform Bureau. On the other hand, Chen Zuoxin and An Dingchao led the front, right, and left teams of the 2nd Battalion of the 49th Standard, together with the two battalions of the Baggage and Engineering Battalions, to enter the city from Xiaowumen and occupy the Advisory Bureau.

The Northern Route Army did not fire a single shot, and quickly occupied the Military Uniform Bureau, and the Eastern Route Army began to resist the soldiers in the city due to the commander of the patrol battalion, and they held each other for a while. However, under the powerful propaganda offensive of the rebel army, Chen Zuoxin negotiated with the patrol battalion and opened the gate of Xiaowumen, and the Eastern Route Army occupied the consultation bureau without firing a single shot. At three o'clock in the afternoon, the East Route Army and the North Route Army converged, and a part of the new army led by Jiao Dafeng, Chen Zuoxin, Zeng Jie, Cheng Bangjie, An Dingchao, Li Jinshan, etc., galloped to the Yuanmen of the Governor's Yuan and another village nearby, and surrounded the Governor's Courtyard.

When Jiao and Chen entered the governor's courtyard, they found that the governor Yu Chengge had absconded, and Li Jinshan, the head of the artillery battalion, stabbed Huang Zhonghao, the commander of the patrol battalion, and escorted him to the Xiaowumen Tower to behead the public. The first big white flag with the word "Han" was hung on the flagpole in front of the governor's courtyard, and for a time, the white flags were displayed everywhere in Changsha City, and the Changsha Uprising was successfully succeeded!

In the evening of the same day, representatives from all walks of life poured into the Council to discuss the establishment of a provisional revolution**.

The meeting was presided over by Wen Fei, a member of the League, and when discussing the organization of the new ** candidate, Chen Zuoxin proposed that Jiao Dafeng be appointed as the ** governor of the Hunan Army, and expressed his willingness to serve as the deputy governor.

Jiao Dafeng said: "The original proposal did not have the setting of a deputy governor, and I will let you be the governor." ”

After repeated discussions, in accordance with Chen Zuoxin's proposal, "Jiao Dafeng was publicly recommended as the governor, and Chen Zuoxin was appointed as the deputy governor." The proposal was adopted by a round of applause.

The next day, Jiao Dafeng and Chen Zuoxin took office as the chief and deputy governor of the Hunan Army of the Republic of China in the governor's yamen.

On the same day, the Shaanxi New Army revolted, and the Xi'an general Wen Rui committed suicide by throwing himself into a well the next day, and the nursing governor Qian Nengxun was detained. The former governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Shengyun, fled, and Shaanxi declared independence.

With the rapid development of the constitutional movement, all parts of Shaanxi have also been filled with dry firewood for new reforms. The Sichuan people's road protection movement had a great impact on the anti-Qing struggle of the neighboring Shaanxi revolutionaries.

According to the decision of the League organization, the Shaanxi revolutionaries originally planned to revolt on October 6 (the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar) before the first uprising in Wuchang. However, due to the strict precautions of the Shaanxi authorities and the rainy weather for several days, the uprising could not be held as scheduled.

After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Qing government has heard the rumors. The Shaanxi authorities sent people to listen around, and even opened letters to obtain the plans of the revolutionaries for an uprising.

After some detectives, it was found out that the Jianben School and the Public Welfare Bookstore were the secret activity bases of the revolutionaries, and at the same time, the names of some revolutionaries were found, and they immediately telegraphed to the Qing court. The Qing court replied and ordered the summarised execution of the discovered revolutionaries.

After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, the Shaanxi authorities became even more panicked, and in order to arrest the revolutionaries in the New Army, they decided to transfer the New Army to other counties in batches. On the one hand, the forces of the New Army were dispersed, and on the other hand, the revolutionaries were hunted down and killed separately, and at the same time, patrols stationed in other counties were transferred to the provincial capital of Xi'an to strengthen the city's defense forces.

The situation is dire, and an uprising is imminent. At this time, Jing Bemu and other leaders of the League were not in Xi'an because they had gone to Weibei to organize an uprising, and revolutionaries Qian Ding, Zhang Fang, and others agreed to start the incident on the evening of 22 October, and decided that Zhang Fenghui, a staff officer of the New Army Association Headquarters and the commander of the Second Standard and First Battalion, would be the commander-in-chief of the uprising.

October 22 is a Sunday, which coincides with the first day of the ninth lunar month, which is the day when the new army is paid. After receiving their salaries in the morning, most of the rest of the barracks left the barracks, except for a few officers on duty.

After Qian Nengxun, the governor of Shaanxi, and Wen Rui, the general of the Eight Banners stationed in Shaanxi, held a meeting in the Consultative Bureau in the morning, the officials of the Shaanxi authorities hurriedly dispersed after the meeting because there happened to be a solar eclipse that day.

After breakfast, the revolutionaries Zhang Fu and Zhu Xuwu led the new army to enter the city from the west gate in the name of going to Baqiao to wash horses, and smoothly arrived at the Dongyang City Military Uniform Bureau as originally planned.

At this time, hundreds of unarmed soldiers and Brotherhood brothers had gathered around the Uniform Bureau.

Just as Zhang Fu was discussing the route to the Military Uniform Bureau with the platoon commander of the garrison army and the soldiers who had been contacted in advance, the police came to inquire several times. At this time, it was already about 10 o'clock in the morning, and Zhang Fu saw that the situation was urgent, and he was afraid that there would be another change that would destroy the entire plan of the uprising, so he immediately made a decision and ordered to rush into the military uniform bureau to grab a gun. As soon as the gun was snatched, the bayonet was loaded, the bullet was loaded, and soon the military uniform bureau was occupied.

Then he opened the Xianning County and Chang'an County Prisons, released the prisoners, and shouted everywhere: "Righteousness against the Qing Dynasty has nothing to do with the Han people and merchants!" "Citizens are asked not to panic.

When Zhang Fenghui heard the gunshots, he led the army to rush to the Military Uniform Bureau through the West Gate, while organizing troops and setting up posts to guard against the Qing army's attack. On the one hand, the insurrectionary New Army was notified to set up a temporary headquarters in the Uniform Bureau to facilitate communication and unified action.

The other rebel armies also quickly occupied various strongholds as planned. Qian Ding led his troops to occupy the Yamen of the Domain and the Drum Tower, one of the commanding heights in the city.

Zhang Baolin led his troops to occupy the South Courtyard Gate of the Shaanxi Governor's Yamen, and Wan Bingnan led his troops to occupy the Military Senate's Yamen.

The residents of the city saw the uprising of the new army and cheered. Some sent food and drink to the rebels, some set a table at the door to put tea to comfort the rebels, and some cut off the braids at the back of their heads, wrapped white cloth around their arms, and participated in the uprising.

The Hui people in the provincial capital also gave strong support to the rebel army. On the eve of the Xi'an Uprising, Zhang Yunshan and Ma Yugui (Hui), the leaders of the New Army, entrusted Jin Qiheng, Bai Yulin, and others, leaders of the Hui Middle Brother Association, to secretly organize the Hui Army to prepare for the uprising.

On the day the Xi'an Uprising broke out, they received a notice from Zhang Yunshan and Ma Yugui and immediately responded.

Ma Wenying, who has a certain reputation among the Hui people and has served as a pipe band (battalion commander), also gathered more than 500 Hui people to arrive at the Military Uniform Bureau from West Street through Mutou City. He received guns and ammunition, was ordered to maintain order in the Hui area, and actively participated in the siege of Manchuria.

Due to the swiftness of the rebel army and the strong support of the general public, on October 22, the rebel army took control of most of the area outside the city in only half a day.

Mancheng is the area where the troops of the Eight Banners of Xi'an and their dependents are stationed and lived, and there are walls built around it for defense. After receiving the news of the uprising of the new army, Wen Rui, the general of Xi'an, immediately rushed back to Mancheng from the Advisory Bureau, and ordered the Mancheng garrison to close the city gates, stubbornly resist and stubbornly defend it, and confront the rebel army across the city wall.

At dawn on the 23rd, the rebel army attacked Mancheng from the west and south as planned, and the Qing army in Mancheng resisted desperately on the city wall. At about 9 o'clock in the morning, more than 100 cavalry members of the Qing army tried to seize the tower of the East City Gate. Three successive assaults were repulsed by the artillery fire of the rebels, and almost all of them were annihilated.

At about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the rebel army detected that a section of the city wall between Ocha City and Kosha City had already collapsed, and houses had been built in its place. Zhang Fenghui, Liu Shijie, and Ma Yugui led their troops to dig up the courtyard wall of the house, and rushed in when the Qing army was unprepared.

The righteous army attacking from the west also captured Houzaimun at this time, and shot at the ** warehouse of the Qing army at the north gate, causing the explosion of the ** warehouse, and the Qing army suffered heavy casualties and quickly collapsed.

After the rebel army attacked the city from the south and west, it was getting late, and in order to avoid accidental injury, the rebel army of all departments was ordered to stand by on the spot.

At dawn on the 24th, the rebel army searched alley by alley, annihilating the remnants of the enemy, and the Qing army fled for their lives. The next day, the rebels issued an order strictly prohibiting killing, and the fighting in Xi'an subsided.

After the success of the uprising, the revolutionary army ordered the arrest of high-ranking Qing officials in the provincial capital.

The Manchu general Wen Rui committed suicide by throwing himself into a well after the fall of Manchu.

Nursing Governor Qian Nengxun committed suicide and was captured by the revolutionary army.

After the arrest of Xitong (Manchu), he voluntarily donated 20,000 taels of silver to help him pay and was temporarily detained and sent out of Shaanxi.

On October 27, the Shaanxi Army was formally established, and Zhang Fenghui was elected as the commander, and Qian Ding and Wan Bingnan were appointed as the deputy commanders.