Chapter 73: Taking office at home
Yuan Shikai, who was in a hurry to get out of the mountain, saw that there was no movement in the next few days, but he was in a hurry. A little complaining about his life and death brother Xu Shichang, the so-called full man does not know that the hungry man is hungry.
You, the assistant minister, are in charge, of course, there is no hurry. It's so easy to have such an opportunity on my side, how can I miss it?
On the 19th, he couldn't hold his breath anymore, and telegraphed the cabinet to play on his behalf: "Kai is sick for the rest of his life, how can he bear the burden, but he is generously favored, and he does not dare to calculate, so he can only do his best to try to repay the claim." However, the Hubei Provincial Army was lost, and Kai was bare-handed, unable to raise it, so he had to recruit a strong defense army in order to garrison and recover the ground and suppress the subordinates. …… It is proposed to ask Yu Yun to recruit 15,200 strong men who had enlisted in the army in Zhili, Shandong, Henan and other provinces. …… The 25th Battalion was organized as the Hubei Patrol Army. …… However, soldiers must be paid as their lifeblood...... Yang begged the Xiadu branch to quickly allocate 4 million taels for appropriation. ”
After receiving Yuan Shikai's telegram from the cabinet, Zaifeng issued an edict: Yuan Shikai has now been appointed as the governor of Huguang, and all the water and land armies in the Yangtze River area are under the control and dispatch of the governor, and they will be properly prepared and handled together with the governors along the Yangtze River. In other words, Yuan Shikai, the governor, has already taken office at home.
On the 20th, Yuan Shikai sent a telegram to the cabinet, asking the Qing court to order the resignation of the governor of Jiangbei and the vacancy of Wang Shizhen, the deputy commander, to handle military affairs, so as to entrust the people to go south as soon as possible; Feng Guozhang, the chief envoy of the Military Advisory Office and the deputy commander of the capital, quickly came to Zhangde to discuss everything, and the second army under his command could be prepared for reinforcements, and there was no need to rush to transfer; Zhang Xiluan, the deputy commander of the Fengtiandu branch envoy, Ni Sichong, the civil affairs envoy of Heilongjiang, Duan Zhigui, the alternate Dao of Zhili, Lu Jin, the military counselor of Shandong, Zhang Shiyu, the deputy general of Zhili, and Yuan Naihuan, the prefect of Zhili, all galloped with him to the former enemy; The fourth town commanded Wu Fengling and quickly went to the front enemy. He also asked Duan Qirui, the governor of Jiangbei, to take advantage of the generals and go to Hubei.
Obviously, Yuan Shikai is "lifting Yimin", and he wants to summon his own people to his side and use them handily.
All of this, the Qing court took care of. Although Yuan Shikai has taken office, he has not yet left the mountain, and he is still sitting on the Huan, and he is not in a hurry now.
After the revolutionary army occupied Wuchang, it had established a military government on the 11th. The government elected Li Yuanhong, the former commander of the 21st Mixed Association of the Qing Army, as the governor of the army.
Li Yuanhong, formerly known as Bingjing, the word Song Qing, is a native of Huangpi, Hubei, so it is called "Li Huangpi", and lives in Xixiang, the county seat, Dongxiang and Beixiang of Huangpi, Hubei.
In history, the young Li Yuanhong "has a magnificent head and horns, and has the image of virtue and blessing". The day Li Yuanhong was born was the day of Guanyin's ordination in folklore, so he was pinned on by his family when he was young. History said that Li Shi was ambitious and full of revolutionary ideas, and his name was Yuan Hong, which also has great meaning. Gai Yin regarded himself as Zhu Hongwu (Zhu Yuanzhang) at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and he was subtle and natural.
Although the Li family is close to the county seat, the surrounding area is very desolate, with countless farmlands and large areas of wilderness. With the exception of a few private schools where only children from wealthy families could afford to teach the scriptures, there was not a single school.
Li Yuanhong's family was poor when he was a child, and his father lived in the countryside and lived a difficult life, planting only a small amount of land. In order to change the current situation of life embarrassment, his father Li Chaoxiang moved to the county seat. In the 11th year of Tongzhi (1872), after being introduced by the clansmen, Li Yuanhong decided to join the army.
In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), Li Yuanhong was admitted to the Pipe Wheel Department of the Tianjin Beiyang Naval Academy and began a five-year study of naval knowledge, which was also the beginning of Li Yuanhong's formal new naval education.
The Beiyang Naval Academy was a school established by Li Hongzhang, then the governor of the Zhili Navy, to train Beiyang naval talents, implementing British naval education, offering courses such as British Chinese, geographic, arithmetic, geometry, algebra, trigonometry, driving, surveying, reckoning, relearning, and chemistry. Training and training of guns, guns, machines, and other foreign sailors, students after graduation to serve in the Beiyang Navy or choose to study abroad.
Li Yuanhong is good at the technology of engine driving in his studies, and is particularly interested in engine construction, and has the highest degree of diligence in the Sailor School. Because of his outstanding academic performance and outstanding performance in the internship on the coaching ship, he was highly valued by teachers and classmates, and was awarded by the school at the end of the year. In the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888), Li Yuanhong graduated from the Tianjin Naval Academy with excellent results, and Li Hongzhang, the minister of Beiyang, rewarded him with six products and gave him the position of general. [After that, he was sent to the Beiyang Naval Division to train the Clipper on the Yuanyuan Clipper, with training items such as sea lanes, piloting, sail cables, guns, and arrays.]
Li Yuanhong had a good relationship with his colleagues during training. In the sixteenth year of Guangxu (1890), Li Yuanhong was transferred by Ding Ruchang, the commander of the Beiyang Naval Division, to Guangdong Guangjia as a third engineer. Responsible for inspecting Qiongya, Humen, Shantou, managing machine switching, dismantling, washing and maintenance affairs, and managing storage materials and fires.
He was diligent in his duties and spent most of his time patrolling the southern coast. In the autumn of the 17th year of Guangxu (1891), Li Yuanhong was promoted from general to general manager with the approval of Li Hongzhang, minister of Beiyang, and the Qing court. From the six-grade top to the five-grade top.
In the twentieth year of Guangxu (1894), the Sino-Japanese War broke out. Li Yuanhong's Guangjia ship was transferred to the Beiyang Fleet led by Admiral Ding Ruchang to participate in the war.
The Cantonese Armor Ship is an iron-ribbed wooden hull, which is usually used for training and placement, and is far from the power of the Japanese steel-armored warship, and it is naturally difficult to resist the fierce naval battle.
During the Battle of the Yellow Sea on 17 September, the Guangjia ran aground on a reef and was unable to sail. In order to avoid the pursuit of the Japanese army, Li Yuanhong jumped into the sea and escaped. At this point, Li Yuanhong ended his 12-year naval career and bid farewell to the Beiyang Naval Division, which had served wholeheartedly.
In the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Zhang Zhidong returned to serve as the governor of Huguang. Li Yuanhong returned to his hometown in Hubei with the call of Zhang Zhidong, and was responsible for supervising the production of fast guns in the Hubei Gun Factory, which ended his life in Beipiao for more than 20 years.
After arriving in Hubei, Zhang Zhidong continued to organize and train the new army and strengthen military construction. The battalion system of the Hubei New Army imitates the German military system, Zhang Zhidong appointed Li Yuanhong as the battalion to help the army, and the five products are worn to make up for the thousand generals; Later, he was good at riding and was appointed as the leader of the horse team.
With the changes in the situation, Zhang Zhidong believes that Japan and China have the same species, the same religion, the same language, and the same customs, and that the military reform has already achieved initial results, so if China wants to learn from the military systems of Europe and the United States, it should first take Japan as a ladder.
In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), 25th (1899), and 27th year (1901), Li Yuanhong, who was on an errand in Hubei, was appointed by Zhang Zhidong to study in Japan three times to inspect military education and observe the Sendai exercises. Covering various aspects, Li Yuanhong gradually acted as the vanguard of the local military reform in the late Qing Dynasty.
After Li Yuanhong returned from each inspection, he wrote a report on Japanese military investigation and submitted it to Zhang Zhidong for review, which aroused Zhang Zhidong's great interest. Li Yuanhong, who returned after studying and inspecting, was greatly appreciated and relied on by Zhang Zhidong, and was promoted to the instructor officer of each battalion, and also trained new recruits, becoming a senior general in the formation and training of the Hubei New Army.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Qing Dynasty began to implement the new policy at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and Hubei stepped up its implementation before opening up the atmosphere of the provinces. Li Yuanhong was instructed to assist in handling the completion of the green battalion and the defense battalion, and then recruited new recruits and expanded the equipment of the armed forces academy. Under the baptism of Western-style education learned in Japan, Li Yuanhong's military thinking began to enter the field of vision of the highest military decision-making level in Hubei and put it into practice.
Zhang Zhidong has adopted Li Yuanhong's military reform proposals on many occasions: First, it is stipulated that all soldiers under the jurisdiction of the battalions on land and water who encounter serious offenses must be handed over to law enforcement officers for interrogation and must not be killed without permission;
The second is to merge the abandoned school of the armed forces and the defense camp into the martial arts higher school, and set up a military ordinary middle school. The former is a higher military educational institution in the Zhangzhidong Military Academy system, and the latter is a secondary military educational institution. The level of the military academy is equal to that of the Japanese Army non-commissioned officer school, and it is a place for graduates of the military ordinary middle school to go on to higher education, and has cultivated a large number of talents needed for military modernization in Hubei and even the whole country.
Third, the Hubei provincial capital has set up a police force, and selected outstanding soldiers from various battalions for training and then served as police officers. Because of his outstanding performance in military practice, Li Yuanhong's career has been on the rise.
During the 15 years from the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896) to the third year of Xuantong (1911), Li Yuanhong held an important position in Hubei to train the New Army. At the same time, with the infiltration of revolutionary forces in Hubei, the 21st Army Mixed Association led by him gathered the strength of a large number of revolutionary groups such as the Communist Association and the Literary Society.
He was not a revolutionary party and was not in favor of revolution. It is said that after the Wuchang Uprising, he personally killed the soldiers of the uprising in order to protect himself.
When Ruizi fled, the Governor's Office was occupied, and the revolutionary army bombarded his headquarters, he was so frightened that he ran to the Loess Slope. changed into civilian clothes and hid in the house of staff officer Liu Wenji.
The rebels searched him out and asked him to be the governor, but he resolutely refused. Although he was dissatisfied with the corrupt rule of the Qing court, he did not want to betray the court yet.
The insurgents pointed a gun to his head and forced him to submit (this insurrectionist was later Zhang Zhenwu of the famous Wuchang Shouyi Father, Zhang Zhenwu), and Tang Hualong, chairman of the Advisory Bureau, and others repeatedly persuaded him. Seeing the insurrectionists' tough attitude, they felt that the stalemate was not good for them, and they were forced to reluctantly accept it; In fact, it was forced to Liangshan.
In order to leave a way back for himself, he began to work without contribution, and if there was anything to ask him, he was always good, yes, yes, he never took ideas, and everyone called him "Mud Bodhisattva" behind his back.
It was not until Wuchang, Hankow, and Hanyang all fell into the hands of the revolutionaries, and when he saw the soldiers fighting bloody battles and the masses actively supporting the revolution, that he really stood on the side of the people.
Thanks to the heroic struggle of the insurrectionary soldiers and the joint efforts of the constitutionalists and the general public, the situation in Hubei is developing in favor of the revolutionary party.
Jingshan, Tianmen, Huangzhou, and Yichang have been recovered one after another. On the 19th, Liujiamiao was conquered, and the Qing army was defeated and retreated to Hukou.
The Wuchang Uprising received an enthusiastic response from the provinces and also inspired the revolutionaries everywhere.