The members of the League in Shanxi knew that in order to carry out armed struggle, it was necessary to master the armed forces, so they shifted the focus of their work to the province and made the mobilization of soldiers the main goal of their work.

After Rong Bingfeng, a member of the League, returned to China, he soon recruited Wang Sichang, Ying Zhi, Chang Yue, Zhao Shouyu, Zhang Huang, Wang Mengbi, and Jin Dianyuan to join the League in the Shanxi Military Academy and the New Army.

Soon after, Rong Futong, a member of the League, returned to the province to convey the instructions of the League headquarters on "stepping up revolutionary activities and preparing for an armed uprising," and the participants agreed that in addition to strengthening their strength in Taiyuan and other places, they should also carry out work in the western part of Suiyuan, which was beyond the reach of the Qing court.

After the meeting, Wang Jianji waited for activities in the Baotou area, and in 1907 launched an uprising in Sarachi. Due to the immaturity of the conditions and the disparity in strength and failed, Xu Hanwen (the word Xiyuan) died, and Wang Jianji was arrested.

This was an attempt by the Confederate to carry out an armed insurrection in the north.

In 1909, Shanxi students from the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School graduated and returned to the province. Yan Xishan, Qiu Liang, Zhang Yu, Qiao Xu, Ma Kaisong, and Li Dakui, members of the League, respectively served in military departments such as the Army Primary School (renamed the Military Preparation School) and the Supervision and Training Office, which greatly enhanced the strength of the League's military organs in Shanxi.

In November of that year, the War Department of the Qing Dynasty convened students studying in Japan to take the examination in Beijing. As a result, Wen Shouquan of Shanxi was ranked with honors, was awarded to the artillery imperial examination, and was awarded the rank of deputy military academy (equivalent to the rank of lieutenant; Huang Guoliang, Yan Xishan, Zhang Yu, Yao Yiyuan, Qiao Xu, Ma Kaisong, Gu Xianglin, Wang Baoshan, Zhang Weiqing, and Jiao Chunli were respectively awarded to infantry, horsemen, and baggage soldiers, and were awarded the Xiejun Academy (equivalent to the rank of second lieutenant).

This examination brought together the members of the League who had joined the Japanese League among the military personnel of various provinces to exchange information and experience, and played a certain role in promoting the revolution. More importantly, after the examination, the War Department issued a directive that officers below the rank of Commander of the Forces nouvelles should serve as cadets or those who had led the Forces nouvelles.

In accordance with this instruction, the Shanxi authorities promoted Wen Shouquan to the post of assistant director of the Shanxi Supervision and Training Office and supervisor of the army primary school, and Huang Guoliang (a revolutionary sympathetic) and Yan Xishan were appointed as instructors of the 85th and 86th standards of the 43rd Association of the New Army (equivalent to deputy regimental commanders) respectively.

Soon, Huang Guoliang and Yan Xishan were appointed as two standard commanders (regiment commanders), league members Chang Yue and Ma Kaisong were appointed coaches, Nan Guixin was appointed quartermaster, Zhang Yu and Qiao Xu were appointed as pipe bands (equivalent battalion commanders), and Wang Sichang, Zhang Derong, Zhang Huang, Liu Hanqing, Ying Zhi, Wang Zhangxu and others were appointed as team officers (company commanders). From then on, the members of the League basically held the leadership of the Shanxi New Army.

At the same time, members of the Shanxi League also did a lot of work among the soldiers of the New Army.

Yang Pengling, a member of the League, was a normal student, and after the failure of the uprising with Song Jiaoren in Jiaodong, he was sent to work in Shanxi, and was promoted to the second battalion of the 85th standard as a soldier, and later promoted to Zhengmu (quite a squad leader).

He propagated revolutionary ideas, liaised with progressive soldiers, and introduced the other eight members of the Left Squad to the League, with whom he became brothers.

Twenty-four members of the league on the right side of the second battalion also worshipped as brothers in righteousness, and other battalions also had similar activities. In this way, the new army, from top to bottom, was basically in the hands of the members of the League.

After five or six years of hard work, the conditions for the uprising in Shanxi can be said to be all in place, and only the east wind is owed.

Regarding the specific situation of the Shanxi uprising, I have already talked about it, so I will not repeat it here.

After the Taiyuan Uprising, the Qing court ordered Wu Luzhen, the commander of the sixth town stationed in Baoding, to lead his troops into Shanxi to suppress the mutiny.

On 3 November, Wu Luzhen arrived in Shijiazhuang and sent He Sui to Niangziguan to contact the Shanxi People's Army.

On November 4, Wu Luzhen and Yan Xishan held talks at Niangzi Pass and decided to establish a Yan-Jin coalition. Wu served as the governor and commander-in-chief, Yan served as the deputy governor and deputy commander-in-chief, and Wen Shouquan served as the chief of staff; It was also decided that the two battalions of the Shanxi People's Army would go to Shijiazhuang, and then contact Zhang Shaozeng and Lan Tianwei to join forces in Beijing.

It's just that this plan was aborted due to the murder of Wu Luzhen.

Soon, Yuan Shikai's brother, Zhang Xiluan, nicknamed "Kuaima Zhang", was appointed governor of Shanxi, and Cao Kun led the Third Town of the Beiyang Army to protect him to Shanxi.

How to meet the enemy of the rebel army, Jing Dingcheng suggested to Yan Xishan: "Yuan Nu made friends from afar and attacked closely, and deceived people too much: only in one battle, you can't retreat, if you win, you will drive north, and if you lose, you will divide your troops into the north and south, and make another plan." ”

Yan Xishan agreed with Jing's opinion.

On December 9, the two armies fought near Niangzi Pass, the civilian army was defeated, and on the 12th, the Qing army occupied Niangzi Pass. The Shanxi People's Army retreated to Taiyuan, and according to the original plan, Yan Xishan, Zhao Daiwen and others led their troops to the north, and Wen Shouquan, Yang Pengling, Jing Dingcheng and others led their troops to the south.

After the People's Army left Taiyuan, the original Qing ** officials immediately restored and used the original seal letter to announce the peace of the people.

Li Shengduo, the assistant governor, set up the patrol team of the Three Banners and the militia group, and called Zhang Xiluan: "The officials of the Three Jin Dynasty have seen the light of day again, and they all celebrate with their foreheads. ”

On 24 December, representatives of the Taiyuan gentry headed by Liang Shanji went to Shijiazhuang to welcome Zhang Xiluan.

On January 6, 1912, Lu Yongxiang, the commander of the Fifth Mixed Association of the Third Town, led the first standard of the infantry, Wang Chengbin, and others to occupy Taiyuan. On January 10, Zhang Xiluan also arrived in Taiyuan from Shijiazhuang.

Seeing that the activities of the Zhili Revolutionary Party had weakened, especially after taking Taiyuan, Yuan Shikai finally breathed a sigh of relief. The rear has stabilized, and he can finally spare the main energy to negotiate peace between the north and the south.

On December 3, representatives of the southern provinces that had seceded from the Qing court met in Wuchang and adopted the "Provisional Outline of Organization." As a result, the southern revolutionaries, centered in Nanjing, formally organized themselves and agreed to formally negotiate with the north.

On December 7, the Qing court appointed Yuan Shikai as Minister Plenipotentiary for Peace and Peace, and Yuan sent Tang Shaoyi as plenipotentiary to the south on the same day.

On the 9th, the Revolutionary Army of 11 southern provinces elected Wu Tingfang as the general representative.

Tang Shaoyi arrived in Hankou on 10 July, accompanied by the British representative council, and crossed the river to Wuchang to meet Li Yuanhong. The two sides agreed to set the venue for the peace talks in Shanghai, and Tang Shaoyi arrived in Shanghai on 17 July.

The specific location of the "North-South Peace Talks" was discussed at the City Hall of the Nanjing Road Bureau in the British Concession in Shanghai, and the time for the peace talks began on December 18, 1911.

Wu Tingfang and Tang Shaoyi, who are from the north and south, are fellow villagers in Guangdong and were also old friends and colleagues who worked together in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Tang Shaoyi and Zi Shaochuan, born in Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province, were famous politicians and diplomats in China in the early 20th century, and Yuan Shikai's Jinlan brothers and senior staff. He successively served as the General Office of the Prime Minister of the Qing Dynasty, Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, President of Shandong University, President of Peiyang University (now Tianjin University), and later served as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of China.

Wu Tingfang, Zi Wenjue, is a native of Xinhui County, Guangdong Province. He was also a famous diplomat and jurist in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the first doctor of law in modern China, a famous lawyer, and the first Chinese member of the ** Legislative Council.

On 18 December, the "North-South peace talks" officially began, and at the first meeting, the two sides discussed the issue of armistice on the battlefields in various provinces.

On this point, the two sides quickly agreed to an armistice, and the first meeting was in a harmonious atmosphere and fruitful results.

On 20 December, the second meeting of the "North-South Peace" discussed the issue of the future state system of the country, and Wu Tingfang, a member of the southern delegation, had a very clear viewpoint -- recognizing the republic and abolishing the imperial system.

Tang Shaoyi himself of the Northern Regiment was in favor of the republic, but he did not represent an individual, but on behalf of the Qing court, and could only adhere to the constitutional monarchy according to the caliber that Yuan Shikai explained when he set off.

Although Tang Shaoyi also euphemistically said that if Yuan Shikai was allowed to be the president, it would not be completely impossible to find a way to make the Qing Emperor abdicate. Wu Tingfang insisted that the south held high the banner of revolution for the sake of the republic, and that the republic was the basic point for discussing all issues. In the absence of full agreement, the second meeting can only be concluded.

The peace between the north and the south is affecting all aspects, and all aspects are also performing on stage

On 20 December, the third day after the start of the peace talks, the consul generals of Britain, the United States, Japan, Russia, Germany, and France in Shanghai sent identical notes to the representatives of the two sides: "The continuation of China's present struggle is sufficient to expose not only China itself but also to the lives and property of foreigners. It is therefore incumbent upon States** to informally call the attention of the representatives of the parties to the need for a speedy settlement and an end to the ongoing conflict".

War and chaos will damage the interests of the great powers in China, which they obviously do not want to see. Ostensibly impartial to both sides of the negotiations, but on the whole they were inclined to Yuan Shikai, and this move was mainly to put pressure on the revolutionary party.

As soon as the representatives of the north and the south sat together, the peace negotiations met with strong opposition from some members of the royal family of the Qing court.

The most fierce shouts were the children of the nobles such as Pu Wei and Liangbi, who tried their best to advocate the assembly of troops loyal to the Qing Dynasty and go to fight to the death with the Southern Revolutionary Army, among which Prince Gong Pu Wei was the most radical.

Born in 1880 in Shuntianfu, the capital city, Aixin Jueluo Pu Wei was a descendant of the first Prince Gong Yixun, who inherited the title in the 26th year of Guangxu.

Pu Wei was very favored by Cixi during the reign of the Empress Dowager Cixi, and Cixi said more than once: "Pu Wei is the closest and can be helped." Therefore, Pu Wei was reused by the Qing court.

After the death of the Empress Dowager Cixi, Pu Wei was very dissatisfied with Yuan Shikai's great power, and conspired with the regent Zaifeng to kill Yuan Shikai, but later failed. In the process of Yuan Shikai's comeback, he tried his best to obstruct it.

The opposition of these people has also brought a certain amount of interference and restraint to the "North-South peace talks."