The land of the Three Jin Dynasty relies on Taihang and chokes the Yellow River, which has always been a place where soldiers must fight. Due to its proximity to Gyeonggi, the geographical location was particularly important for the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Like the revolutionaries in Zhili, Yuan Shikai could not let go of the revolutionaries in Shanxi Province.

Compared with the whole country, especially some places in the south, the revolutionary forces of the Sanjin Dynasty seem to be relatively weak, but the people of Shanxi, who are known for their honesty and loyalty, are not far behind.

Driven by the Wuchang Uprising, Shanxi Jingjing came to the center of the historical stage and performed a heroic scene of the Xinhai Shanxi Uprising.

The dawn of October 29, 1911, was a great moment. The Shanxi rebel army was in Di Village, ten miles south of Taiyuan City, and after the first oath meeting, the guns of the Xinhai Shanxi Uprising of far-reaching historical significance to Shanxi and even the whole country were fired.

As mentioned earlier, at the end of the 19th century, due to the deepening of the national crisis and the initial development of the commodity economy, a bourgeois reformist reform movement broke out in the land of China.

Although the Reform Movement lasted only 100 days, its impact on all aspects of society was profound, especially in promoting cultural and educational reform.

After the Wuxu coup d'état stifled the reform movement for new reform, the Qing court may have acted as a last resort to show that they were not conservative in their thinking, or perhaps because of the general trend. After the burial of the Reform Movement, the development of modern education and the establishment of new schools were vigorously promoted.

It can be said that the revolution in Shanxi began with education.

In 1998 (the 24th year of Guangxu), the Qing Dynasty. In order to strengthen its military strength, the government has established military schools in various provinces across the country. Shanxi Province is no exception, and the Shanxi Military Academy has been set up in Taiyuan to train junior officers of the New Army.

At that time, Yan Xishan, Wen Shouquan, Huang Guoliang, Wang Sichang, Yao Yiyuan, Zhang Yu, Kong Fanfei, Kong Zilin, Wang Baoshan, Ying Zhi, Yin Ming, Qiao Xu, Jin Fengchao, Jin Yingsheng, Li Dakui, Jing Jiefu, Pan Yu'an, Zhao Shouyu, Zhou Wangying, Ma Kaisong, Rong Futong, Rong Bing, Gu Xianglin, Zhang Chengxiang, Wang Bingqian, Jiao Dian and others were admitted.

These people were all heavyweights of the Shanxi Democratic Revolution.

In this way, personnel preparations were made for the coming revolution.

In 1904 (the 30th year of Guangxu), before the graduation deadline of the first batch of graduates had yet arrived, the Qing court selected 24 of them with better grades and sent them to Japan to study in order to train military talents at the middle and upper levels.

It was in this year that Yan Xishan, Wen Shouquan, Huang Guoliang, Yao Yiyuan, Qiao Xu, Ma Kaisong, Kong Fanfei, Jin Fengchao, Wang Baoshan, Jin Yusheng, Rong Futong, Rong Bing, Gu Xianglin, and Zhang Chengxiang passed the selection examination and entered the Japanese non-commissioned officer school.

In 1902, Cen Chunxuan, the governor of Shanxi, requested the establishment of Shanxi University Hall. Subsequently, he negotiated with the British missionary Timothy Lee and used the Gengzi indemnity to organize the establishment of the Chinese and Western University Hall.

In May of the following year, an agreement was reached to merge Shanxi University Hall and Zhongxi University Hall into Shanxi University Hall.

In this year, Taiyuan successively established the Agriculture and Forestry School (which is an agriculture and forestry specialized school established earlier in China), the public school (later renamed Jinyang Middle School, which was later Shanxi Provincial No. 1 Middle School, now Taiyuan No. 5 Middle School).

At the beginning of 1907 (the 33rd year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Ding Baoquan, the Shanxi Inspector General of Shanxi, founded the Shanxi Public Law and Political Science School with the consent of Enshou, the governor of Shanxi, because of the accumulation of defects in the Clerk's Hall and the fact that the scale was not enough to cultivate legal and political talents.

Liu Mianxun, a graduate of Hosei University in Japan, is invited to be the supervisor, Wu Renda, a graduate of the Law Department of Meiji University in Japan, is the dean, and Cui Tingxian, a graduate of Hosei University in Japan, is invited to be the dean.

In the same year, Taiyuan Commercial College was established at the west exit of Shangguan Lane on Xinnanmen Street, and was later renamed Taiyuan Commercial College. Due to the small number of students and the sluggish teaching, it was soon merged into the Shanxi Public Law and Politics College.

In 1908 (the 34th year of Guangxu), a secondary industrial school was established in Xincheng Street (now the site of the 17th Middle School), which was later changed to a commercial school.

In 1907, Meng Buyun founded a public girls' school in Nanxiaoqiang, which was the earliest girls' school established in Taiyuan City.

Qing Zheng. Although due to political corruption and economic collapse, some of these schools established by the government in Shanxi quickly disappeared, and some schools changed their names or merged in the middle of the process. However, this does not prevent the rapid spread of new ideas in the land of the Three Jin Dynasty, nor does it prevent learning from the West from becoming a fashion and a trend.

As early as 1903 (the 29th year of Guangxu), Liu Jiachen, a scholar in Shanxi, was transferred to Beijing after his term of office, and after the arrival of the new scholar Baoxi, he first rectified the special fasting of the University Hall Middle School. A group of Chinese and foreign teachers were hired to teach, changing the old state of "Si Wen Xue", so that Nakasai and Saisai learned from each other's strengths and complemented each other's weaknesses, and merged the two into one.

Subsequently, he reorganized the agriculture and forestry school, hired Japanese agriculture and forestry experts to teach, and added physical and chemical instruments. It has played a great role in promoting the rise of new culture in Taiyuan and even in Shanxi as a whole, and objectively has also created conditions for the spread of new Western ideas.

When education was booming in the provincial capital of Taiyuan, Xuezheng Baoxi felt that the supply of teachers was in short supply, so he asked the governor for approval to raise funds to ensure that students stayed in Japan to study. The first batch of 30 students were escorted, most of whom were students of Shanxi University Hall, and there were several students from the Wubei School and the Agriculture and Forestry School. In addition to official expenses, Bloom also encouraged progressives from wealthy families to bring their own funds to study abroad.

Wherever there are voluntary applicants, Baoxi will be able to meet their needs.

In this way, a large number of aspiring young people went to Japan to study, to accept new ideas, and to have the opportunity to contact the revolutionaries in Japan and accept their influence and edification.

Baoxi (1871-1942), a native of the Manchu Zhenglan Banner, Aixinjue Luo, the word Ruichen, was born in Wanping, Hebei. In the 18th year of Guangxu (1882), he was a scholar at the Hanlin Academy, and served as a scholar in Shanxi from September 21, 1903 to April 25, 1906. He is a person who is loyal to his duties, enthusiastic about new education, and works hard. He has made many achievements in academic politics.

The establishment of primary and secondary schools in Taiyuan, the provincial capital, not only laid the foundation for the dissemination of the idea of democratic revolution, but also cultivated many revolutionaries for the later righteous uprisings in Shanxi Province.

The establishment of a school and the dispatch and return of batches of students studying in Japan have spread new ideas and new culture to all parts of Shanxi.

In addition, from 1901 to 1905, patriotic revolutionary organizations with intellectuals as the backbone sprung up one after another in various parts of the country, various forms of democratic revolutionary movements were vigorously launched, and the idea of democratic revolution was also rapidly disseminated in Shanxi. As a result, Shanxi's political ecology has presented an unprecedented, brand-new and energetic spiritual outlook.

In 1904 (the 30th year of Guangxu), Shanxi sent the first batch of students studying in Japan with official scholarships, a total of 50 people. Among them, there are 20 students from Shanxi University Hall and 10 students from the Normal School, and almost all of them are studying literature, law, medicine, agriculture, industry or teacher training after they arrive in Japan. The other 20 were graduates of the Martial Arts Academy, who went to Japan to enter the Army Zhenwu School and specialized in the Army.

In 1905, after Mr. Sun Yat-sen founded the China Alliance Association in Tokyo, Japan, together with the Xingzhong Society, the Huaxing Society, the Guangfu Society and other revolutionary groups, Shanxi students studying in Japan actively participated.

The first batch to participate in the alliance were Gu Sishen (Shenchi County), Wang Yinfan (Fenyang County), Rong Futong (Taigu County), Jing Yaoyue (Ruicheng County), Wang Yongbin (Yishi County), Rong Bing (Yangqu County), Wen Shouquan (Hongdong County), Yan Xishan (Wutai County), Zhao Daiwen (Wutai County), Qiao Yisheng (Linfen County), Wang Guohu (Xinjiang County), Jiao Chunli (Xin County), Zhang Chengxiang (Zhaocheng County), Jing Dingcheng (Anyi County), He Cheng (Lingshi County) and so on.

Due to the large number of participants, the China League approved the establishment of the Shanxi branch of the League.

The backbone of the first batch of democratic revolutions in Shanxi gradually grew up in Japan, which was far away from the ocean.

After the establishment of the League, Dr. Sun Yat-sen instructed the General Assembly to select 28 military backbones to form the "Iron and Blood Husband Regiment" (not to participate in ordinary social activities and maintain a secret identity) as the backbone of the military movement in various provinces after returning to China. Yan Xishan, Wen Shouquan, He Cheng, Qiao Xu, Zhang Yu and others participated in the "Iron-blooded Husbands Regiment", which laid the foundation for later returning to Shanxi to master the strength of the new army.

In October 1905, the League published the magazine New China in the Twentieth Century in Japan. Only one issue was issued, and it was cleared. The government colluded with the Japanese government. The government ordered the publication to be suspended.

This was followed in November by the publication of the People's Daily, which propagated revolutionary theories and engaged in a fierce polemic with the royalists (later the constitutional monarchists).

Under the influence of the "Minbao", the Shanxi branch of the League also published the "First Jin Dialect", which was edited by Jing Dingcheng. "Jin dialect" is the homonym of "evolution", which has the meaning of two uses.

The "First Jin Dialect Newspaper" was printed in Japan and published in Taiyuan, and it actively propagated the revolution, advocated democracy, and opposed feudal autocracy, greatly invigorating the ideological atmosphere in Taiyuan, a closed provincial capital.

The propaganda and vigorous dissemination of the democratic ideology of the League have made public opinion and ideological preparations for the upcoming charity in Xinhai Shanxi.

In 1907 (the 33rd year of Guangxu), the first batch of students who returned to Taiyuan to study in Japan included Liu Maotang, Xu Yiqing, Meng Yuanwen, Lan Chengye, Zhao Daiwen, etc., who brought new ideas back to Shanxi. Since then, students from both Chinese and Western schools have spread throughout the provincial capital, accelerating the development of new ideas in this ancient land.

In particular, Jing Dingcheng, Wang Yongbin, Jing Yaoyue, Liu Mianxun, Gu Sishen, and other students from Zhongzhai all joined the League, exchanged letters, and advocated revolution.

Liang Qichao's "Xinmin Cong Bao" and his "Collected Essays on the Ice Drinking Room" were shipped to Taiyuan in large quantities, and almost every student of Zhongxizhai and their relatives and friends kept one, which had a considerable impact on the new trend of thought in the provincial capital.

Xie Ronglu (Hanlin, from Wanquan County), who later served as the superintendent of the university, and Liu Xuxun (from Juren, Yishi County), who later served as the superintendent of the university, were progressive in their thinking and courageous in their thinking. He led the students of Liangzhai to unite and preach revolutionary theories while teaching and preaching. This trend of thought has gradually affected the major, middle and primary schools in the provincial capital.

Due to the dangerous terrain of Shanxi and its elbow and armpit, it can deal a fatal blow to the Qing court at a critical moment. Therefore, the members of the Shanxi League have consciously placed the responsibility of "Beiying" on their shoulders and actively carried out preparations for armed struggle.

Wen Shouquan, Yan Xishan, Zhang Yu, and Qiao Xu, who were studying at the Zhenwu School and preparing to enter the noncommissioned officer school, in addition to participating in the "Iron and Blood Husbands Regiment" initiated by Sun Yat-sen among the Japanese military cadets, Wang Jianji, who was studying physical education, also organized a sports meeting to study military culture and practice drills and shooting.

Their ambition was to establish a base in Suiyuan after returning to China, and in the future to respond to the southern uprising and send troops to Zhangjiakou to defeat the Qing court.