Chapter 91: The Flames Beneath Your Feet
Hu Egong, Bai Yuhuan and others also tried to bypass Wang Jingwei and tried to unite the separate organizations in the north and liaise with various revolutionary groups to organize the Northern Revolutionary Association. After unremitting efforts, on 14 December, the Northern Revolutionary Association was established in Xiaobailou, the British Concession in Tianjin.
The participants included representatives of the League, the Iron and Blood Society, the Zhenwu Society, the Rapid Advancement Association, the Kefutang, the Northern Revolutionary Corps, the Whip and the Revolutionary Party, the Northern Republican League, the Women's Northern Expeditionary Team, the Women's Revolutionary League, and Hu Egong was elected president of the Northern Revolutionary Association.
After the establishment of the Northern Revolutionary Association, Wang Jingwei's performance, Hu Egong made the following record in the "Records of the Northern Xinhai Revolution": "First, the discussion of the discussion of Ren Qiu uprising in Baoding, Wang Zhaoming was informed, and he sent a message to Luanzhou Nanqingtuo, and Zhaoming then sent people out to stop it. And said to the comrades: Breaking the covenant and the cold alliance is really ominous. For this reason, Ren Qiu revolted, and Beijing, Tianjin, Bao, Tong, and Shijiazhuang did not respond. ”
Judging from the situation revealed in this document, on the one hand, Wang Jingwei's prestige among the revolutionaries in Zhili was not high, and because he was close to Yuan Shikai, he lost the trust of some party members. On the other hand, there was no unified organization in the Zhili area, and in many cases they were in their own hands, so Yuan Shikai relied on Wang Jingwei to control the activities of the revolutionaries in the Zhili area, and his role was still very limited.
Another way Yuan Shikai dealt with the Northern Revolutionary Party was resolute repression.
Although the north was in the center of Qing rule, the democratic revolution also had deep roots.
Before the Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen had been to Zhili to spread revolutionary ideas. It has played an important role in arousing the people's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic consciousness.
In addition, a large number of early backbone members of the League carried out revolutionary activities in Zhili and spread the flame of revolution. Among them, Wu Luzhen, Zhang Shaozeng, and Lan Tianwei, who have the reputation of "three outstanding non-commissioned officers", were the main leaders of the revolutionary struggle in Zhili during the Xinhai Revolution.
After the Wuchang Uprising, the revolutionary activities of Zhili were even more surging.
On November 4, 1911, Shi Congyun, Wang Jinming, and others in the twentieth town instigated an uprising in Luanzhou.
As mentioned earlier, on the night of November 6, Wu Luzhen convened a meeting of officers of the middle level and above, announcing that an uprising would be held in the early morning of November 7. After the deployment, he rushed back to the line set up at Zhengtai Station, and was killed by Ma Huitian, the commander of the cavalry battalion and the captain of the guard. Chief of Staff Zhang Shiying was killed at the same time next to the station, and staff officer Zhang Houwan escaped and took refuge in the upper floor of British American Tobacco.
Wu Luzhen was suddenly killed, and the uprising instigated by Shi Congyun, Wang Jinming and others in Luanzhou was also forced to be interrupted.
He Sui, Kong Geng and others accompanied the Shanxi Revolutionary Army to transport Wu Luzhen's body to Niangzi for burial. The vanguard of the Shanxi People's Army, led by Liu Guosheng to Shijiazhuang for the appointment, heard the news of Wu Luzhen's assassination, so they demolished the railway for more than ten miles, loaded the baggage materials from the sixth town onto the train, and withdrew to Shanxi.
Faced with the new situation, in late November, the northern revolutionaries planned an uprising in Zhangjiakou. The news leaked, dozens of people were arrested, and seven people, including Li Feixian, Qin Li, and Gao Zhiqing, were brutally killed.
Li Feixian, who studied medicine in Tokyo, was originally from Liaoning, and later settled in Zhili with his family. His patriotic fervor led him to join the League and resolve to fight for the rejuvenation of China. Like many members of the League, after returning to China, they carried out revolutionary activities under the cover of engaging in various occupations. After Li Feixian returned to China, he practiced medicine in Zhangjiakou.
Qin Li, whose name is Zongzhou, is a native of Qinzhuang, Fengrun County, Zhili, and is one of the main founders of the anti-Qing revolutionary organization "Iron and Blood Society". As the commander of the Northern Army of the "Iron and Blood Society", he died for organizing the Zhangjiakou Uprising.
Qin Li is tall and powerful, gave up literature and martial arts when he was a teenager, and graduated from Baoding Martial Arts Academy. Because of his proficiency in knives and guns, he is good at making big knives, and he is nicknamed: Qin Li.
On 18 December, more than 70 revolutionaries from Renqiu and Xiongxian revolted under the leadership of Geng Shichang and Jin Guanglong. Suppressed by the Beiyang Army, retreated to Xiongxian, under the fierce attack of the Beiyang Army, due to the lack of foreign aid, Geng, Jin and other more than 100 revolutionaries died.
Geng Shichang (1872 - October 28, 1911), male, Han nationality, native of Yantai, Shandong. He is bold and chivalrous. He once entered the church school, and then wandered the rivers and lakes.
In the spring of 1910, he taught in Guanzhong Primary and Secondary School.
In July 1911, he went to Beijing, and on October 9, he participated in the uprising launched by the Beijing Kuomintang and suffered a defeat. Later, he actively participated in the actions of revolutionaries Hu Egong, Hao Zhongqing and others in Renqiu, Xuanhua and other places.
On 30 December, Wang Jinming and Shi Congyun of the 79th Standard 12th Battalion of the 20th Town of the New Army and Feng Yuxiang of the 1st Battalion of the 80th Standard Battalion stationed in Haiyang jointly sent a telegram advocating a republic. He also organized martial arts research societies to carry out revolutionary propaganda among officers and soldiers.
At the end of the year, the Northern Revolutionary Association held a meeting in Tianjin, and at Wang Jinming's request, it was decided to send more than 10 people, including Bai Yukun and Sun Jiansheng, to Luanzhou to strengthen the revolutionary leadership.
On January 2, 1912, Wang Jinming, Shi Congyun and other revolutionaries led their troops to revolt and established the Northern Revolutionary Army, electing Wang Jinming as the governor of the capital, Shi Congyun as the commander-in-chief, Bai Yukun as the chief of staff, Sun Jisheng as the minister of military affairs, and Feng Yuxiang as the chief of the general staff.
However, at this time, Feng Yuxiang was already under surveillance. On January 4, the whole country was electrified, and the train marched westward, preparing to attack Tianjin.
Yuan Shikai sent the third town to control Cao Kun, and Wang Huaiqing, the town guard of Tongzhou, sent troops to encircle and suppress. The People's Army engaged the Beiyang Army at Leizhuang. On January 5, Wang Jinming and Shi Congyun risked their lives to negotiate in the Qing camp and were killed by Wang Huaiqing. After that, the Qing army brutally encircled and suppressed the revolutionary army, and a large number of revolutionary army soldiers such as Bai Yukun and Sun Jiansheng died. Because of this, Yuan Shikai also searched for revolutionaries in Beijing and Tianjin.
Wang Jinming was born in 1880 in a peasant family in Dongtun Village, an old town in Wucheng County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province.
In 1898, at the age of eighteen, Wang Jinming joined the new army organized by Yuan Shikai at the Tianjin Station as a soldier. Soon, he was promoted to the deputy head, which was appreciated by the commander and sent to the lecture hall to study.
After graduating in 1899, he was promoted to Shomu (class leader).
In 1904, he was promoted to the commander of the left post of the 7th Standard Front Battalion of the 3rd Association of the 2nd Town of the Beiyang Standing Army.
In 1905, he was transferred to the 1st Battalion of the 18th Standard of the Fifth Town of the Beiyang Standing Army.
In 1907, he was led by the first battalion of the First Mixed Association under the command of Xu Shichang and stationed in Xinmin Mansion (now Xinmin County, Liaoning Province).
In 1908, Wang Jinming became acquainted with Liu Yingfan, a member of the League, accepted Mr. Sun Yat-sen's ideas of democratic revolution, and aspired to revolution.
In the spring of 1910, together with Feng Yuxiang, Shi Congyun, and others, who were also in the First Mixed Formation Co-ordination, he initiated and organized the "Martial Arts Research Society" to secretly carry out revolutionary activities to overthrow the Qing Dynasty in the name of reading and studying military disciplines.
In September of the same year, he served as the first battalion of the 79th standard in the twentieth town, and then promoted the pipe belt.
In 1911, he got in touch with Bai Yayu of the "Northern Revolutionary Association" in Tianjin, planned an armed uprising, and initiated the establishment of the "Shandong Fellow Villagers Association" to engage in fund-raising activities, raise funds, and secret.
In September of the same year, he was transferred to Luanzhou, and later actively responded to the Wuchang Uprising with Shi Congyun, the second battalion manager, and Bai Yukun, the representative of the Alliance.
Shi Congyun (1880-1912), whose name is Xieqing, was a native of Beixiang (now Shagang Village, Qinglan Township). When he was young, he went to a private school and often read revolutionary books about the Opium War.
In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), he went to Zhili to join the army, and later entered the Baoding General Ben School.
After graduation, he was assigned to the 18th Standard of the Fifth Town of the New Army as a platoon commander. In the 33rd year of Guangxu, he was transferred to the northeast to garrison Xinmin Mansion, and thus met Feng Yuxiang, the first mixed association 80 standard 3rd battalion management band.
Constantly accepting new ideas, Shi Congyun gradually realized that only by overthrowing the Qing Dynasty could China have a way out. He resolutely cut off his braids and decided to join the revolution.
In the second year of Xuantong (1910), the Qing Dynasty formed the twentieth town of the New Army, and Shi Congyun was incorporated into the seventy-nine standards of the town's forty associations.
During this period, he, together with Feng Yuxiang and Wang Jinming, initiated the organization of the "Martial Arts Research Society", which recruited members among soldiers and junior officers and carried out revolutionary activities in the name of reading and studying military affairs.
On 12 January, dozens of people from the Luanzhou Revolutionary Army, including Tang Ziqi, Huang Jilong, and Pang Xide, infiltrated Kaiping and attacked Wang Huaiqing, but were defeated and martyred.
Huang Jilong, a native of Fengrun, Zhili (now Hebei), was a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary. Xi lifted the sub-business, but if it didn't work, he abandoned it. He often discussed major events in the world with Ding Kaizhang, a famous democratic revolutionary in modern China and the main founder of the Iron and Blood Society, the largest anti-Qing organization in the north.
In 1904, he assisted Ding Kaizhang in founding the Iron and Blood Society in the upper reaches of Yanliao, and traveled inside and outside the Great Wall, contacting the heroes of the green forest and propagating the revolution.
In 1907, he was elected head of the Tokyo branch of the Iron and Blood Society.
On 27 January, more than 50 representatives of various organizations of the Northern Revolutionary Association held an emergency meeting in Tianjin to prepare for an uprising, and Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, and other places responded.
On the 29th, the Tianjin Uprising failed to fire signal guns, the uprising failed, and a large number of death squads died.
On the 31st, representatives of the Northern Revolutionary Association again gathered in Tianjin to prepare for the uprising, and sent a telegram to the Provisional Senate in Nanjing, advocating a complete revolution and opposing compromise with the Qing army.
In the course of the Xinhai Revolution, the revolutionaries and people with lofty ideals in Zhili carried out unremitting struggles against feudal rule and the aggression of the imperialist powers.
On the one hand, these heroic and unyielding revolutionary struggles directly dealt a blow to the main force of the Qing army, and on the other hand, they sowed the flame of revolution in the core areas of the Qing Dynasty and played a special role in the complete overthrow of the Qing Dynasty.
Yuan Shikai absolutely did not allow his backyard to catch fire, and he was absolutely unrelenting in his suppression of the revolutionaries in Zhili. On the other hand, the indomitable revolutionary activities of the people of Zhili also became an important bargaining chip for him to put pressure on the Qing court. on this. We have seen Yuan Shikai in front of the palace with Zaifeng and the Empress Dowager Longyu.