Understanding Cixi's "New Deal", we can better understand the changes implemented by Yuan Shikai in Zhili, he participated in the formulation of the "New Deal", and taking the lead in implementing it in Zhili should be the proper meaning of the question.

But Yuan Shikai's success is mainly because Yuan Shikai didn't want to engage in any kind of movement like changing the law. Unlike those scholars of the Restoration, Yuan Shikai was a man of work. The reason why he did this was because it was something that needed to be done.

It's not like the reformers, who do those things for the sake of change, for the sake of changing the law.

But when Yuan and his supporters did these things, the mechanics changed.

For example, the abolition of the imperial examination to promote Western learning, such as the judicial system, and so on. It's just that these changes are not decreed from above, but from the bottom up. Even if the approval of the top is required, it is also under the impetus of the bottom.

This may be another difference between Yuan Shikai's changes and the Reform Movement.

Yuan Shikai also did a very brilliant thing when he was directly in office, that is, he made efforts to win back the right to open Luan mines.

Kailuan Coal Mine is one of the largest coal mines in modern China. It is also known as the General Administration of Mining of Kailuan. The Kailuan Coal Mine is actually jointly operated by the Chinese Commercial Luanzhou Mining Co., Ltd. and the British Commercial Kaiping Mining Co., Ltd., and is collectively referred to as Kailuan. The story of Kailuan is intricate, including the prominence of creating a precedent for government-supervised and business-run modern enterprises, and the humiliation of foreign businessmen stealing high-quality mining resources.

It is the enterprise of the Beiyang Consortium, the source of investment in the later Qixin Gray Company, Yaohua Glass Company and Huaxin Yarn Factory, bringing together the late Qing Dynasty bureaucrats, Republic of China dignitaries, and Jinmen gentry, and is the heaviest ..... in the financial industry in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Kailuan Coal Mine's predecessor Kaiping Mining Bureau was founded in 1878, and in 1877 (the third year of Guangxu), Li Hongzhang, the governor of Qing Zhili, appointed the general office of the Steamship Merchants Bureau and the Fujian Provincial Tang Tingshu to establish the Kaiping Mining Bureau.

At that time, 800,000 taels of silver were raised and invested in the coal mining in Qiaotun, Tangshan. Since then, China's earliest machine mining industry and railway transportation industry have been established.

In October 1892, Tang Tingshu died of illness and was succeeded by Zhang Yi. In 1894, Zhang Yi hired the British-German De Xuanlin of the Department of Taxation of Tianjin Customs as the organizer and continued to expand his business.

In 1900, the Gengzi Incident, Zhang Yi, who was the superintendent at the time, did not rhyme with modern management, resulting in a financial crisis. In the name of placing the Kaiping Mining Bureau under the protection of the British flag, De Xuanlin represented the Kaiping Mining Bureau, and Hoover (Hoover, who later became the 31st president of the United States and was Zhang Yi's technical adviser at the time) privately signed a "sale contract" on behalf of the British Merlin Company at a price of 80,000 pounds.

Soon after, the Merlin Company sold the Kaiping Coal Mine to the British consortium "Oriental Syndicate" for 250,000 pounds.

Although Zhang Yi later argued that he was unaware of the matter and did not sign the "sale contract," and later, in order to remedy and restrict the "sale contract," he signed a "transfer agreement" and a "sub-contract" with Hoover, and the "vice contract" Nate stated "Sino-foreign cooperation," but the transfer of the Kaiping coal mine to British businessmen has become a fact.

This matter was first discovered by Yan Fu and put forward the "Saying Post".

One day in 1902, a large group of Qing soldiers was walking on the dirt road of the Kaiping Coal Mine, and the governor of Luanzhou was making a routine inspection. But he stuck his head out of the car window, and couldn't help but be shocked, the dragon flag flying on the main building of the Kaiping coal mine was gone, and only the British rice flag hung there alone.

The Dragon Flag is actually the national flag of the Great Qing Dynasty and a symbol of China's sovereignty.

Kaiping Coal Mine is jointly established by China and Britain, and it is agreed to hang the national flags of the two countries. Now that the dragon flag is gone, of course not, Ye Zhizhou did not dare to delay, and immediately negotiated and forcibly asked to hang the dragon flag.

The British Consul General in Tianjin was very dissatisfied when he learned of the incident, saying that the Kaiping Coal Mine was wholly owned by the British and that the Chinese officials' forcible letting the dragon flag be hung was a provocative act, so he protested to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

This was the famous "Dragon Flag Incident" at that time.

The "Dragon Flag Incident" attracted Yuan Shikai's attention.

During this period, he went to Shanghai on a business trip and met the British ambassador to China, where Yuan Shikai questioned the British ambassador and said that his request to remove the dragon flag was an infringement of China's sovereignty.

The British envoy confidently told Yuan Shikai that Kaiping Coal Mine had sold all its assets to a British businessman and registered it in the UK, and it was no longer a Sino-British joint venture.

After Yuan Shikai learned the details, he was heartbroken, and participated in Zhang Yi three times, and Qing ** ordered Zhang Yi to take back Kaiping.

The Kaiping incident was in fact a form of fraud, which of course also included the mistakes and malfeasance of relevant Chinese officials.

Zhang Yi has sued many times in London, how can the courts of the great powers uphold justice for a weak country? Just as a weak country has no diplomacy, all Zhang Yi's efforts in London ended in nothing.

In 1906, Yuan Shikai ordered Zhou Xuexi to establish the Luanzhou Coal Mine, using his strength to resist and try to achieve the goal of opening up the coal mine with Luanzhou.

In March 1907, Zhou Xuexi initiated the establishment of "Beiyang Luanzhou Mining Co., Ltd.", and in 1908, it increased its shares and changed its name to "Beiyang Luanzhou Official Mining Co., Ltd." Luanzhou Mine has an initial capital of 2 million taels, and its main shareholders include Yuan Keding, Zhou Xuexi, Gong Xianzhou, Li Shiwei, Li Songchen, Chen Yifu and others. These major shareholders participated in the preparatory work in the early stage.

After the Luanzhou coal mine was started, production developed rapidly, and in 1908 it produced more than 120,000 tons of coal, and by 1909 it had reached more than 357,000 tons. By 1911, 980,000 tons of coal had been exported to Tianjin.

During this period, Zhou Xuexi, Li Ximing, Li Shiwei and others went to London, England to participate in the negotiations with Nasen, the representative of Kaiping Company. However, in the end, due to the pressure of Kaiping's price drop and dumping, he was forced to give in and agreed to cooperate with Kaiping to establish the Kailuan Mining Bureau.

In 1912, in the first year of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai became the president and approved the merger of the two coal mines of Luanzhou and Kaiping, and established the Sino-British Kailuan Mining Bureau, with its headquarters in Tianjin.

On 27 January, Zhou Xuexi, Li Shiwei, and Li Ximing, representatives of the Luanzhou Coal Mining Company, signed a contract with the Kaiping Mining Company to jointly establish the Kailuan Mining Bureau.

The decision-making body is located on the Board of Directors, and Nathan is the Chairman and General Manager of the Board. The Board of Directors is located in London and Tianjin. Among them, there are seven directors on the board of directors of Tianjin and four on the British side. The three Chinese are: Zhou Xuexi, Li Shiwei and Li Ximing, and the superintendent is Yuan Shikai's eldest son Yuan Keding.

Of course, these are later words.

Although Yuan Shikai's efforts to recover the mining rights of the Kailuan Coal Mine did not achieve the expected results, his efforts to safeguard national sovereignty should be remembered by future generations.

Even one of the most rotten. Defeated Politics. The government will not openly corrupt. defeated, but also hoped that his officials would be honest and honest. In the same way, one of the most incompetent politicians. The government still likes his officials to work hard. to rot. The late Qing Dynasty, which was known for its incompetence, was no exception.

When Yuan Shikai governed Zhili wholeheartedly, there was a voice of praise from top to bottom, if he didn't care about other things, Yuan Shikai's life should be very good.

Yuan Shikai is very proud of the impressive achievements of Zhili.

He's the kind of guy who wants to make a name for himself in whatever he does. Such a person is sometimes seen as a great achievement, sometimes as a showman, and sometimes even as an ambitious person.

What is Yuan Shikai's motivation? Either it's both, or it's not clear. But one thing is certain, that is, he has done a lot of things, and these things are for the benefit of the country and the people

Yuan Shikai will not be satisfied, for him, Zhili seems to be too small to fit his ambitions, because, after working for a few years, he is more concerned about national affairs.

There should be three reasons for this: one is that in order to do the things below, you need to remove the obstacles from above. For example, if you want to vigorously build a new type of school and develop education at the bottom, can you not abolish the imperial examination system?

On the other hand, it should be seen that Yuan Shikai is a particularly ambitious person, let's not use the word ambition! With such big ambitions, Naoli may not be able to let go.

There is also an aspect of responsibility, because Yuan Shikai still has many positions.

We might as well list them out: the Minister of Supervision and Administration, the Minister of the Military Training Office, the Minister of Handling the Beijing Flag Training, the Minister of Supervision and Electricity, the Minister of Supervision and Handling of the Shanhaiguan and Internal Railways, the Minister of Supervision and Handling of the Jinzhen Railway, the Minister of Supervision and Consultation of the Jinghan Railway, the Minister of Consultation and Consultation, and the Minister of Supervision and Amendment of Yangmen.

Yuan Shikai really has a lot of temporary positions, but if you take a closer look, they are all departmental or grassroots affairs, and Yuan Shikai's ambition seems to be to win the Central Plains.