Section 186 Leizhou Experience

500 captive laborers in the Battle of Chengmai, with the cooperation of the temporarily requisitioned people, urgently built a trestle bridge for the unloading of heavy equipment on the special wharf of the Jiazi Coal Mine in Haikou Port. The advance battalion of the 1st Maritime Mobile Wing was unloaded from the ship with logistical equipment and maintenance equipment.

The first mobile wing is stationed outside Qiongshan County, because of the large number of equipment, but also needs a large amount of coal, the camp of the whole wing adopts the method of field camping, all the daily necessities are unloaded from the ship, and even the coal used in the equipment is the high-quality Hongji thermal coal transported from Lingao.

The first batch of agricultural technicians trained by the Heaven and Earth Society marked the plots on the land where the flood waters receded, according to the surveyor's instructions, and demarcated the first farm directly under the Central Committee of Agriculture.

In addition to the farms directly under the central government, similar work is also carried out in the farmland contracted by the Heaven and Earth Society. After the plot was measured and marked, the agricultural machinery officially entered the site and began to clean up the field and engage in the basic construction of the farmland. The land that the flood waters receded left behind a layer of river sand and debris, and it took a lot of time and labor just to clear the fields. The tractors of the 1st Mobile Wing spewed black smoke, spewed white gas, and made a sonorous sound of metal striking as they slowly moved through the wet fields of Cháo, and at this time, a large number of stunned indigenous people gathered around the ridges: from the large households in silk to the poorly clothed victims.

Chang Shide occupied part of the original houses of the Qiongzhou Ordnance Bureau in Qiongshan County. At the entrance of the Yamén hung a plaque of the Qiongshan branch of the Heaven and Earth Society - of course, this is still the location of the Qiongshan County Agricultural Bureau, which is not public.

Subsequently, under his direct command, the Heaven and Earth Society began to launch a full-scale propaganda offensive in Qiongshan.

Unlike the previous recruitment campaign, the main purpose of this campaign was to bring the local people, whether peasants or landlords, to participate in the "agricultural cooperative" system of the Heaven and Earth Society.

The agricultural cooperative system was not a cooperative in the fifties of the old time and space -- Chang Shide believes that with the current level of agriculture, it is quite difficult to adopt a high level of mutual assistance and cooperation, and the loose peasants are not out of place for the lack of binding cooperative system. Therefore, he set up a nonghe in Leizhou, which is similar to the Japanese style of nonghe: farmers voluntarily participate, and the participating farmers must accept the jishu guidance of the nonghe, and the nonghe will provide seeds, compound féi, and pest control, and if necessary, the nonghe will also provide agricultural machinery services: including mechanized harvesting, chōu water irrigation, and farmland drainage. 4∴ (8) 0 (6) 5 agricultural products are uniformly sold by the Agricultural Cooperative Organization.

All of these services and inputs are charged, but settlement can be deferred until after the agricultural harvest - with a certain amount of interest, of course. NCMS also provides microcredit through Delong, where farmers can use land or future harvests as collateral.

Since the peasants had little cash in their hands, they inevitably resorted to all kinds of small credits in their production, which was also a factor in the prosperity of rural usury in the past. Now this credit has been changed to be provided by the Agricultural Cooperative Cooperative System, and the use of credit to control the exploitation of the peasants is the first purpose, and the second purpose is to crack down on usury in the rural areas, clean up the rural economic environment, and prepare for Delong's large-scale entry into the countryside.

The Tiandihui's agricultural cooperative system does not absorb landless peasants -- pure tenants or hired farmers are not within the scope of agricultural cooperative absorption, and the targets of agricultural cooperative absorption are homesteaders and small and medium-sized landlords.

In addition, the owners of the farmland manage the land themselves, and the farmer does not give "guidance" and "assistance", which Chang Shide believes is the most ideal way to treat small yeoman farmers at this stage.

Under this system, although farmers have benefited greatly, their ability to resist disasters has not been qualitatively changed. They remain in a very fragile position. On the surface, they appear to have escaped the problem of insatiable, scheming rural loan sharks, but in reality they have fallen into the more complex and pervasive network of rural cooperative loans. If you don't manage well, you will fall into the dilemma of not being able to repay your credit. According to Chang Shide's experience in Leizhou, under this system, yeoman farmers will be polarized more quickly: some people who are flexible, have a high level of agriculture, have more land, and are good at management will take advantage of the various supports provided by the Tiandihui to stand out in agricultural production and gradually rise, while the other part of the people will gradually fall into difficulties in the endless "credit" and lose their land - of course, once they have to pay off their land to the Tiandihui, The Heaven and Earth Association will be very kind to arrange for the whole family of farmers to work as agricultural workers or industrial workers on the direct farms.

Although the Spartacist regiment made a series of criticisms on the so-called "Leizhou experience" and the "agricultural cooperative system" in its own journal "Red Flag", and clearly stated in the "Four Commentaries on the Leizhou Experience" that the so-called "Leizhou experience" was a big poisonous weed of supporting new landlords and engaging in "new kulakism", this experience was completely in line with the agricultural policy of the Senate, so it was strongly encouraged by the Executive Committee and became an important promotion model.

Under Chang Shide's arrangement, the Propaganda Department erected large billboards outside the three cities in Qiongshan County, and publicized "Agricultural Cooperative Medical System is Good" to the people of Qiongshan County.

Because the peasants are generally illiterate, the boards are mostly filled with drawings, diagrams and printed photographs, and there is a large display table in front of the board, on which sand tables, various new farm tools, féi samples, seeds and crop specimens are placed.

Ji Denggao led the lion dance team and the gong and drum team to beat the gongs and drums every hour to attract the audience. Next to the billboard, there is also a large plate of pan-pong ball-sized perilla-wrapped vegetable rice balls, and everyone who comes to listen to the propaganda will be given a vegetable rice ball, and the display table by this means has attracted a large number of people from the four towns. Many families kicked their children out early in the morning: "Go to the county seat to get rice balls!" ”

The yòuhuò of rice balls makes a large number of spectators gather in front of the board every day to watch the Western scenery while eating rice balls. Ji Denggao has long had experience with such scenes, and everyone who wants to take rice balls must receive a bamboo stick before they start listening to the propaganda, and after listening to it, they will give the bamboo stick jiāo to the staff, and the staff will give a rice ball and stamp it with blue ink on the person's arm. This indigo ink can be kept on a person's skin for days - thus avoiding the disadvantage of having someone take turns taking turns to get rice balls.

In order to ensure that there were no other drawbacks, soldiers of the 1st Infantry Battalion were stationed on the periphery to keep vigilance, maintain law and order, and arrest those who had been deceived in batches or robbed by violence.

Chang Shide knew that almost all the people who came to see the board came for the rice balls, but he didn't care about it. These rice balls didn't have much rice, and he just wanted to make a noise and spread the news of the Tiandi Society's agricultural cooperative activities to Sixiang as soon as possible -- in this era when communication was basically based on roaring, there was no faster means of spreading than word of mouth. What's more, he still has some confidence in the propaganda methods mastered by the Ministry of Culture and Propaganda.

On the billboard are large posters and photos showing the "new look" after the implementation of the agricultural cooperative system. Needless to say, the posters are drawn to be called a paradise. As the jargon goes, "it's all renderings". Then there are a large number of photographs - all of them are photographs of the "new rural models" of a few communes directly under the central government, neat houses, straight roads, herds of pigs and sheep, and "scenes of happy life": there are few new stoves, gas lamps, and peasant food.

In addition to the pictures that promote "join the Heaven and Earth Society and start a new life", there are also many icons of agricultural technology, such as fish and duck farming in rice fields, rice mulberry hún farming methods, biogas digesters, and rice field sparse cultivation...... On the stands, there are also model sand tables made by the model master Jīng Xin among the veterans: there is a panoramic "new countryside", a "courtyard economic three-dimensional model display", and an "Australian-style comprehensive farm structure map" and "agricultural machinery use model......

Visitors had never seen such a realistic picture, let alone such a detailed model, and many of them were intrigued by the new agricultural tools and crops on display. Those coarse yù rice bāng, strong ears of rice, full grains......

In addition to those who have long known about the "Australian Agricultural Law", there are many people who originally came just to get a rice ball, and after the kanban was "baptized", they couldn't help but be moved, and they had to ask the staff to sound specific to the practice of the Tiandihui. The staff answered all the questions, and all of them took out the strength of MLM to advocate the benefits of joining the Heaven and Earth Society:

"What if the fields are flooded, and there is no harvest, no tax? It doesn't matter that Heaven and Earth will have a loan, it can help you pay taxes first, and then pay it back when it is collected in the next year, and the interest is easy to say - one cent a year, which is much cheaper than if you borrow in the village.

"The grain harvest is gone, our Heaven and Earth Association provides replanting services, and everyone who joins the Heaven and Earth Society has seedlings to provide? What, you don't have any money, it's okay, you owe it first, and then pay it back when you receive it!

"Tian was washed away by the water, it's okay! We have a big iron bull, let's help you prepare the land first. The price is easy to say, but it's good to owe it first. ”

"The last seven days are our Tiandi Club's preferential weekly service, and if you sign a contract this week, we will give a 95% discount on the service fee, and there is a free floor service!"

"Expensive? Inexpensive! Otherwise, you will always introduce a few more households to participate in our heaven and earth meeting, sign a contract and I will give you a 5% reduction in service fees, there is no upper limit, I will reduce how much you can pull a few, and you will be free all year round if you pull 20 to come! ”

Under the skillful words of the staff, many yeoman farmers and small and medium-sized landlords who were in trouble after the disaster were moved. From the third day of the campaign, the signing rate began to rise

……