Facebook, a well-known website in the world, determined that the average number of people separated by any two separate people in the world is 4.74, which means that you can basically have no more than five people in a relationship with any one stranger. In this era when communication and transportation were not developed, it is estimated that it is not applicable, but for the current Edo Castle, it is certainly true.

The neighbor's uncle, Nakamura Shoyi, is a distant relative of Taro Saemon, the acting official of Izu Nirayama, and his ancestor is the second son of the Egawa family.

Egawa Taro Saemon is the famous Egawa Eilong in later generations, called Tanan and Kubuchi. The Egawa family is the hereditary acting official of Izu Nirayama. Egawa Hideryu devoted himself to the manufacture of artillery and civil affairs, and learned artillery from Takashima Akiho, who once suggested that the shogunate strengthen the garrison along the Izu coast, and built a metal smelting furnace in Izu Nirayama, and presided over the construction of Edo Odaiba.

After successfully selling medicine, Naohide asked his neighbor's uncle Nakamura Shoichi to visit Egawa Eilong, and Naohide confessed that he wanted to learn iron cannons and large barrels. As a bundle, in addition to gifts, Horihide also presented two agricultural books he had written, "Hori-style Farming" and "Hori-style Rice Field Carp".

In the Edo period, agronomy developed rapidly, and there were many inventions of supporting agricultural tools, many discoveries in the fields of soil science and tillage, and in addition to rice cultivation technology, there were also varying degrees of progress and development in the cultivation technology of other crops, such as cotton, sweet potato, and soybean. More than 300 agricultural books of various types have emerged, and more than 290 have been handed down to this day. However, limited to the times, "the plough design is not good, the tillage depth is not enough", "the dependence on gold fertilizer is high, the fertilizer is expensive", "the drainage is not thorough enough, and the rotation of water and drought is limited" and so on.

In the "Hori-style Agriculture", it is mainly explained that wheelbarrows, sweet potatoes, potatoes, compost, bean gold fertilizer, cattle and horse gold fertilizer, and plant ash should not be shared with gold fertilizer.

"Hori-style Rice Fields Producing Carp" explains how to raise freshwater fish in suitable rice fields.

The three most important fertilizers at this time are mulch, gold manure and herring meal or dried sardines. Root protection is the leaves of wild grass, seedlings growing from tree pockets, shrubs; Gold fertilizer is the excrement of humans and livestock, mostly referring to human feces; Herring meal is the product of dried herring meal left over after boiling and oil extraction, or directly dried herring pieces.

In addition to this, rapeseed, sesame seeds, and cottonseeds, which are patted into bricks or cakes, are also used as fertilizers.

The effect of mulch protection can be imagined, the output and price of herring meal or sardine dried fish are also very touching, and the output of rapeseed, sesame and cottonseed is less and oil extraction is more profitable, so gold fertilizer is the most widely used fertilizer at this time.

The simple folk treatment method of Fuso compost is to dry and divide into blocks, and the more complex treatment method is to ferment compost, but the folk method is very rough. In the book "Hori-style Farming", the various methods of composting and the precautions in them are explained in detail, and the details are clear and detailed, and the operability is very strong, especially the many common mistakes are noted.

Among them, high-temperature compost makes extensive use of straw, which is more economical than traditional gold fertilizer, but horse manure is more difficult to obtain, but the amount of horse manure is not much and can be vigorously promoted.

The sweet potato was called Satsuma taro at this time, and Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth shogun of the shogunate, once vigorously promoted it. Sweet potatoes are highly productive and drought tolerant, but they need to be deeply cultivated and are not well cultivated because of the quality of the plowshares and the dissemination of knowledge. Potatoes were brought to the port of Nagasaki by the Dutch in 1598 for the same reason that they were not well cultivated, and were regarded as inferior food like sweet potatoes. Naohide described in detail the key points of growing sweet potatoes and potatoes, and wrote down how to make sweet potato flour and potato flour.

"Hori-style Rice Carp" explains in detail the method of fish farming in rice fields, how to open fish ditches and fish pits, but when repairing fish ditches and fish pits in winter, it is necessary to use quicklime to disinfect them, and it is also difficult to sprinkle grass to feed the fish. But it's all worth it, because although rice and fish farming reduces the sown area by a tenth, it can reduce the incidence of serious diseases such as malaria, filariasis and schistosomiasis. On the whole, the yield of rice can be increased by half to two into five, and the average yield can be increased by more than one percent, and the yield of adult fish per mu can be 30-100 kg or about 20-80 kg of large-size fingerlings per mu (the unit is Chinese mu, and the area and weight unit of Fuso at this time are not easy for readers to understand).

In addition, the rural areas of Fuso did not have a large number of wheelbarrows at this time. Before the popularization of modern means of transportation, the wheelbarrow was a light means of transporting goods and carrying people, which was suitable for the environment of complex roads, especially for the situation that there were few livestock in Fusang at this time.

Egawa Eiryū, who was a fair ruler, inherited his father's concern for the people's livelihood and paid great attention to agriculture - and was loved by the people for his exploits such as improving agriculture and promoting cowpox cultivation, and was called "Egawa Daimyōjin" by the Izu people.

After listening to Naohide's introduction, Egawa Hideryu couldn't wait to go to Ishida Village, Tama County, Musashi Province, where Naohide Hori's test field was located, and found that the effect was indeed obvious, and then he couldn't wait to find a few plots of land in Nirayama to experiment.

As a result, Naohide became a disciple of Egawa Eilong and was deeply loved.

After the introduction of Egawa Yinglong, Naohide met with Sakuma Xiangshan, Xiangshan was very kind to the little brother and Yan Yuese, Naoxiu also patted the sycophants, praised the "Eight Strategies for Coastal Defense" far-sighted, far-sighted, "the key to coastal defense, in the cannon and the ship, and the cannon is the first" is the most rational saying, Egawa Yinglong also attaches great importance to coastal defense and smelting artillery, Naohide showed off the parameters of the sail battleship and steam warship that later generations seemed, Jiang Chuan and Xiangshan looked at him with admiration, but under the question of the details, Naohide sweated profusely and couldn't explain, I have to say that because I studied orchid with Mr. Ito Xuanpu, I happened to meet special people who understand the West. Egawa Hideryu and Sakuma Zoyama suddenly - it turns out that Naohide has seen people from the Dutch Merchant House.

Naohide had really met the staff of the Dutch Trade Center. The Netherlands is now the only Western country in Fuso that is open to trade, and because of the monopoly, the Dutch trade with Fuso is very prosperous, with an annual net profit of four or five hundred thousand guilders, sometimes as high as one million guilders. These net profits were higher than those of any other Dutch trade house in Asia, and almost double that of the second place. The Dutch merchant hall Keicho was established in Hirado in the 14th year, and in the 18th year of Kanei, it was transferred to Dejima in Nagasaki by order of the shogunate. The senior staff of the Dutch Merchant House visited Edo every year, carrying a large number of gifts, often accompanied by famous doctors who provided medical care to the high-ranking officials of the shogunate.

While treating Shiko Jiaxiang, Naohide became acquainted with Dr. De Vries of the Merchant House, and De Vries had a good impression of Naohide, and according to the regulations of the time, he could not associate with foreigners at will, but in the name of discussing treatment options, Naohide still established a friendly relationship with Dr. De Vries and commissioned the purchase of books.

When it comes to Western guns, Egawa Hideryu and Sakuma Zozan both highly recommend Takashima Shunchen Shigetsu, also known as Takashima Akiho, while the forty-four-year-old Takashima was detained in the Edo Denmacho Prison.

Takashima Shuntomi Shigetsu was born into a family of Nagasaki merchants, and although the family was hereditary Nagasaki Town, although he was a merchant, he was allowed to wear a sword like a samurai, and was ordered by the Edo shogunate to assist Nagasaki and supervise local officials. Whenever there was a change of shogun or a change of governor, the governor of Takashima would go to Edo to meet the shogun and present gifts, just like the daimyos. Being able to get in such close proximity to the general shows the unusual status of this merchant family.

After carefully analyzing the information on the Battle of Canton in June 1840, the shogunate elder Nakano Tadashi realized that Fuso was at a greater military, economic, and political disadvantage than the Qing Dynasty, and thought of military reform. In the 12th year of Tenpo (1841), Tadashi Nakano ordered Takashima Shuntomi Shigetsu to hold a Western-style infantry and artillery live-fire exercise in Musashi Kunitokumaruhara, and the results of the exercise were very good. The reuse of Takashima Shigetsukazu's teaching of Western gunnery was an important part of Mizuno Tadada's "Tenpo Reform," which indicated the shogunate's determination to Westernize armaments. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, and with the loss of power of the old Nakamino Tadakuni, the military reform that the shogunate had just begun came to an abrupt end. At this time, the diehards who opposed the military reform spread rumors and slandered Takashima Shunchen Maotun, slandering him for "plotting against him for personal gain." On October 2, the thirteenth year of Tenpo, Takashima Shunchen Shigetsu was arrested by Torii Yoozou.

Denmacho Prison, where Takashima is located, is heavily guarded as a place to hold important prisoners, but there is always a way to think about it in a humane society. Naohide found the Dirty Bullet Saemon, met with the non-human car Zenchi, and asked Cha Zenchi to arrange for his subordinates to take care of Takashima Shigetsu at ordinary times, and secretly bring some medicines, food, and daily necessities to Takashima. Non-human beings, along with Shimita, were one of the main untouchables in the Edo period, a general term for those who were excluded from the social identity order. Most of them are people who engage in "unclean" occupations, such as slaughtering livestock, tanning leather, burying corpses, executing, and scavenging, while non-humans are mostly beggars, fortune tellers, prison workers, and other miscellaneous laborers. Non-human head car good seven return to the filthy multi-headed bullet left emon management. The current old man in Edo, Nakamino Tadakuni, is embattled, and Naohide can't take care of Takashima openly, so he can only use Cha Zenchi's men.

The status of filthy bulls and non-human heads is very low, and there are usually no serious samurai who can look down on them, and Naoxiu is not afraid to report as long as he does not admit it. Moreover, Naohide has a respectful attitude and gentle words, and gave them some free gifts and food seasonings, and the two also know that Takashima is a figure that Lao Zhong once valued, and they can't figure out the depth of this matter, and it is extremely unlikely that they will report Naohide in an accident. And not being able to meet Takashima Akiho in person, Naohide is also quite regretful.

At this time, famous scholars in Edo also included Mito Liangda-Fujita Higashiko and Toda Tadakei of the Mito School. The Mito school advocated the theory of respect for the emperor and Huayi, and believed that the imperial system of the emperor since the Kami Dynasty was a characteristic of the relationship between the monarch and the minister of Fuso, and it was immovable. Huayi theory believes that "the water and soil of Fu China (referring to Fusang) are outstanding in all nations, and the characters are exquisite in the eight principles, so the gods are foreign and the holy rule is continuous", and advocates that Fusang is the kingdom of God and the center of the world, and the people of Fusang are the descendants of God and an excellent nation, and they should replace "Han heart" with "Yamato heart". In fact, Huayi theory is a kind of narrow nationalism. Naohide has always believed that all ethnic groups in the world are excellent and should learn from each other, and he is not interested in Mito Theory, so he did not take the initiative to get acquainted with these two people.

At this time, Zhuzi Confucianism (mainstream), Mito Confucianism, and Orchid Studies, which were prevalent in Edo, were not widely spread, as well as Confucianism such as Yangming. In addition to these scholars, Edo celebrities also include Fuso's unique art of war and kendo celebrities.

The art of war of Fuso is to talk about how to raise troops, organize logistics and military strategies in the era of cold weapons, which involves the use of some muskets, among the many schools of military science, the far-reaching and widely spread is the seven schools of Koshu, Hojo, Yamaga, Echigo, Naganuma, Fengshan, and Heden. At this time, Fuso's military studies were already far behind the world, and Naohide was not interested in it.

The Edo samurai admired both civil and military skills, and the influence of swordsmanship was very great, and there were many kendo halls in Edo, among which the kendo dojo Genbu Hall, together with the Gyizan Hall of the Mirror Heart Wise Stream and the Shinto Munnenryu Training Hall, are collectively called the "Three Great Dojos of Edo".

Swordsmanship is not useful for future wars, but it can strengthen the body and cultivate discipline, and the dojo has a very wide network of disciples, disciples all over the middle and lower level samurai, wealthy merchants and wealthy people, and the market, which is very conducive to the development of Naohide in the future.

Although the various schools are wary of each other, they are afraid that the secret of swordsmanship will be leaked and they will be kicked and hacked to death, but Naoxiu brings gifts with a smile all day long, saying that he wants to learn a little swordsmanship to defend himself and keep fit, and he is funny and good-sounding, so Naoxiu mixed a disciple who did not attend classes on time in the three dojos, of course, he didn't even think about learning secret skills, he just paid to learn to put up a shelf and paddle.

A disciple like Zhixiu doesn't even have the qualifications to call himself a so-and-so.

At that time, the major kendo halls in Edo were popular to issue graduation certificates, which were divided into five types: "paper cutting", "catalog", "exemption", "all transmission", and "exemption all transmission", "cutting paper" is similar to a certificate of graduation - this disciple has studied but has not graduated with good grades, "catalog" is equivalent to a graduation certificate - if you pass the study, list what secret skills you have learned, "exempt" is equivalent to a superior graduation certificate, you can brag about yourself with the name of the genre, "all are transmitted" is a special student - all the secret techniques of the school have been learned, "all are passed on" It is allowed to represent this school of swordsmanship as a teacher and accept students.

"Cutting paper" and "catalog" cannot claim to be the successor of a certain stream, only "exempt", "all transmitted", and "exempted all transmitted" can claim to be the descendant of a certain stream.

Of course, you can also spend money to buy a certificate, or a nobleman who wants a certificate of honor and a gold-plated kendo hall generally doesn't dare not give it, but considering the strength of Zhixiu's personality, don't think about it.

Of course, the owners of the pavilions are afraid of corrupting the atmosphere and don't want to accept Naohide as a disciple, but now Naohide and the businessman Rihachi's business is getting bigger and bigger, and after having money, he bought a lot of gifts, and from time to time he bought some snacks, snacks, toys and the like to give to the second generation of swords, what Chiba Eitaro, Eijiro, Michizaburo, Jutaro, Toichiro, Chiba Sanako, Saito Shintaro, Tanaka Kansuke, the second generation is all proficient, and the owners of the hall pretend not to see it while being funny.

In addition, for the sake of Okita General Division, Naohide ran to Ichiya Koryayashiki again, and finally found the "Taro Dojo" trial hall, and saw the owner of the old man Kondo Shusuke, and came forward to tout, "Natural Rational Flow Rare Opponents in Actual Combat", "Momentum", although the old fox Kondo Shusuke has been mixed in the market all his life, he is also a little unable to withstand the rolling sycophants, but the words of the samurai master are not easy to refute in person, anyway, it is painful and refreshing, after receiving a bunch of gifts, Naohide became a registered disciple.

It's not that the old fox doesn't want to use a formal disciple to trap this unjust head, but how good it looks like this unjust big head is practicing alone with a bamboo knife, but as soon as he really fights with people, his original form is revealed, in the words of Wu Song commenting on Song Jiang in "Water Margin", which was passed down in China, it is good-looking but has no strength, it is a shelf, and as a formal disciple, he will definitely be easily hacked to death and ruin the reputation of the genre. When Naohide agreed to introduce the disciples of the trial guard hall to Kii Kuniya of the merchant Rihachi to do the security work, so Kondo Shusuke finally found Naohide's position - mascot.

In the remaining list of Naohide, there are still three key figures left: Oguri Tadashun, Katsu Kaishu, Nakajima Saburosuke and a child, Nishima Xiang.

The first three are all shogunates, in the birth, Oguri Tadashun is the big body flag, Katsu Kaishu is the small body flag, and Nakajima Saburosuke is the royal family Pudai, these three people represent the three life experiences of the shogunate at the end of the shogunate: Oguri Tadashun was capable but loyal to the shogunate, failed to promote reforms, and was finally shown to the public by the new government; Katsu Kaishu knew how to advance and retreat, and cooperated with the new government after the failure of the shogunate reform; Saburo Nakajima helped Yuzhong, but he was depressed but still participated in the shogun's last armed resistance, and finally died in Hakodate with his two sons.

Oguri Tadashun was born in the 10th year of Niigata at 2,500 stones, and is now fifteen years old and belongs to the personal guard directly under the shogun. He has a dignified personality and straightforward conversation, but to put it bluntly, he has a serious personality and low emotional intelligence and can't speak. Originally, it was not easy to get close to Naoxiu's current identity, but the businessman Liba had been a companion to Oguri Tadashun for a period of time, and as a former servant, Liba had always used the Oguri family as a backer, and he was very affectionate. After learning what Naohide had done from Rihachi, Oguri Tadashun asked Rihachi to find a way to meet Naohide.

Naohide took the initiative to meet Oguri Tadashun, Oguri was very interested in practical learning, and the two talked about orchidism, Western guns, double-entry accounting, and agriculture.

After that, Naohide went to visit Katsu Yoshibang-Haizhou was the number of Katsu Yoshibang. Katsuya is the forty-one stone flag book of the Edo Shogunate Flag Book Kopu Invitation Group. The flag originally had a stone height, that is, a hereditary territory, and the royal family did not have a stone height, only a foot high-Yulu. Although the Shengjia is a small banner, the great-grandfather of Shenghaizhou is a great folk figure - "Male Valley Inspection School". Katsukaishu's great-grandfather, Ginichi Otani, was a blind man from a poor peasant family in Nagatori Village, Mishima-gun, Echigo Province, who fell in front of the door of Okul (the medical officer of the Edo shogunate) Ishisaka Munezhe on a snowy night and was rescued by him. In the end, he became a wealthy landlord with 300,000 taels of capital and 17 houses in Edofu, and obtained the highest official position of the blind officials of the imperial court through bribery, called "Yoneyama Inspectorate". In addition, he became a daimyo loan (the wealthy merchants of Osaka, Kyoto, and Edo provided financing in the name of imperial gold to the daimyo of the feudal lords who were in financial difficulty, and today they were the financiers who provided political contributions to politicians), and the eldest son of Ginichi, Tadayuki, bought the family of the Imperial Family, the family of the Otani family, and the grandson of Otani Tadano, that is, Katsuko-Yoshimoto, the father of Katsukaishu, was the third son of the Otani family, and passed from the Otani family to the Katsuya family as the adopted son-in-law.

There are two slots in this regard, the Edo shogunate has a strict hierarchy and a solidified family identity, but there are two special ways for commoners to rise to the ranks: one is the "blind official", the shogunate treats the blind preferential treatment to show mercy, so the blind can be promoted through the "blind official", but a large number of towns and farmers who went bankrupt during the same period were designated as untouchables "non-human", which is a distorted charity policy; The second is the adopted son system, in which many wealthy merchants, wealthy people, and townspeople use money to turn their sons into adopted sons of broken samurai to inherit the family name and status.

These phenomena, together with the swords given to the wealthy merchants, show that the iceberg of the shogunate's rigid hierarchy was slowly falling apart in peacetime.

The current name of Shenghaizhou is Shengyibang, and Haizhou is his number later. Katsuyoshi was originally the head of the Ichitsubashi family in the Tokugawa Imperial Three Queens, and Ichitsubashi Yoshimasa was a companion who played in Edo when he was a child, but Hitotsubashi Yoshimasa died early, so Katsuyoshikuni was disrupted and his life plan has not been released.

In his early years, Katsuyoshikuni studied Naokin-ryu swordsmanship with the famous swordsman Shimada Toranosuke, Zen at Kofukuji Temple in Ushijima, Edo, under the persuasion of Toranosuke, and Yamaga Ryu with Wakayama Bedo, a protégé of Wakuta Kiyone. However, two years ago, Katsuyoshikuni watched Takashima Akiho's Western-style artillery firing and gun array military exercises at Tokumaruhara, Takeshu, and he already felt that the traditional art of war was behind the times, and he was seeking to learn from Rangaku.

Naohide visited Katsuyoshi in the name of a famous swordsman, and although Katsuyoshi was shocked by Naohide's sparse swordsmanship, Naohide later expressed the superiority of Western artillery over swordsmanship, and Katsuyoshi understood this, and encouraged Naohide to exercise his body and perseverance through swordsmanship.