Chapter 1076 Music

This question is important because music has a great deal to do with timing, weights and measures, astronomy, dynastic, and etiquette.

In a word, this is not only a simple musical issue, but also a philosophical theory that the Chinese nation has always used to guide the progress of the nation.

Music and philosophy, it seems, don't seem to belong to the same category.

Music roams the sky of emotions and is used to describe the deepest, most delicate and most extensive world of human emotions.

Philosophy, on the other hand, walks on the stone steps of reason, revealing the essential laws of human beings and the natural world with careful thinking and strict logic.

But the two also have something in common - both belong to the highest level of human thinking, both transcend the fetters of language, have no national boundaries, and are the common wealth of mankind.

The Chinese nation, which can be said to be the first nation to connect them, gave music the attribute of "cosmic information" very early.

The so-called "playing rhythm and singing, the sound of yin and yang." "The saint makes music to neutralize the voice, so he guides the neutralizing qi."

After the summer festival, the officials began to continue to tear up the ritual music, and the finalization became an important point of contention.

Rites and music, music and rites are matched with each other, since the founding of the Great Song Dynasty, there have been three times to set music, but they are not satisfactory.

One of them is the issue of standard pitch.

There are three kinds of music bell chimes in the collection of Taichang Temple: musical instruments made by Wang Pu, musical instruments made by Li Zhao, and musical instruments made by Hu Ying and Ruan Yi.

Among them, Wang Puzhile's voice was too high, and Emperor Taizu once made it clear that he was not satisfied.

This problem is very serious, because there are still occult factors and emotional experiences in it - "The pitch is sad, and the sound of the country is also the voice." ”

So Renzong Jingyouzhong ordered Li Zhao Dingle to refer to the law to take the sound of the yellow bell.

But this is not in line with the current habits of the Great Song Dynasty, it seems to be too low, the so-called "people are used to listening to it, and it is suspected that it is too heavy, and Li Zhaozhi's pleasure is not used." ”

In the year of Huangyou, Hu Ying and Ruan Yi decided to have great happiness again. It is slightly lower than Wang Pule's voice, and the vocal rhythm distribution is similar. However, the cast bell has a problem with the timbre and the sound is gloomy, so it still can't be used, so the suburban temple still uses Wang Pu's old music.

However, the musicians of Taichang Temple found a problem in the process of using Wang Pu's old music, "If Wang Pule is used, the bell chime is difficult to follow, and if the system is reformed, the bell chime is clear." ”

After a hundred years, the music of the festival has never been done well.

Zhishi Zhao Luan is also a great musician, and he wrote to the imperial court, Your Majesty, this matter is not for my dynasty, and Su You Suyu Gong cannot be decided.

So at the court meeting, Zhao Ji handed over this glorious and important task to Su You.

Su You was stupid at the time, when did I become my Chaole Rhythm everyone?! I have a lot of things on my hands, is Zhao Gong going to kill me?

Zhao Ji laughed, Mingrun, don't be modest, back then, you won the big white turtle from Zhao Gong with the study of music and law, and Zhao Gong had already written it down for you in a small notebook, ah no, in the notes.

The invention of the law of twelve equals at the age of twelve, such a coincidence, you dare to say that it is not the will of heaven?

Seeing the admiring gaze of the ministers who came over, Su You was speechless, this ...... That's too far-fetched, isn't it?!

There was no way, Su You had to take the errand.

It's not easy.

The works of great music include qin, se, xun, chi, flute, commission, flute, sheng, ruanzheng, zhu, gong, chime, and chime.

Among them, the bell, the special chime, the chime, and the chime are the most used, and the so-called "sound is the most annoying in the music." ”

The music of the suburban temple of the Song Dynasty was played first, and the martial dance was played second.

And the Wenwu Festival is very unacceptable, and it is difficult to call it Shengde.

The Wu Wurong Festival records the founding process of the Great Song Dynasty, including Huaiyang Diding, Jinghu Return, Qiongshu Payment, and the return of soldiers to the brigade.

Each song has lyrics, from the hand of Yang Yi, a prodigy-born family, called "Thirty Songs of Taichang Movement", which is the repertoire of the great ritual of Taichang Temple.

But Wu Wu was also a mess, at least the direction of the appearance was not the right direction for the Song army to march at that time.

Therefore, not only the music is problematic, but also the dance has to be changed.

Fortunately, Su You is not a complete layman, and there are also a large number of musical talents under his hands.

In fact, after the twelve equal laws came out, the whole ritual customization had only one problem for Su You - Dinghuang Zhong.

As long as the pitch of the yellow bell is determined, all the other pitches can be calculated mathematically.

And the yellow bell is the most important benchmark tone in China.

"Lü's Spring and Autumn" attributes this invention to the emperor's musician Linglun.

This is a magical rhythm, "Hou Han Shu Law Chronicles": waiting in the palace, with the jade law twelve. The only two solstice are waiting for the mourning platform, with a bamboo rule of sixty. Waiting for the day is as it is.

Kong Yingda's "Spring and Autumn Left Transmission of Justice" quoted from the "Continuation of the Han Book": "The law of waiting for qi is three times for the earthen room, the household is closed, the provocation must be Zhou, densely covered with timan in the room, the wood is the case, each law is one, the inside is high and the outside is high, from its position, add the law on it, and use the ash to cover its end, and wait for it.

When the moon arrives, the ashes fly and the tube passes, and the way of the sound of the cover is connected with the air of heaven and earth, so the law is taken to wait for the air. ”

Huang Zhong's law pipe, on the day of the winter solstice, will be "gray and clear".

The winter solstice is the day when the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

For the ancients, it was the easiest day to observe.

The Hanshu Chronicles also records that Huang Zhong is a legal pipe made of bamboo pipes. It has a length of ninety cents, a cross-sectional area of nine square minutes, and a volume of eighty-one cubic minutes.

Ten is one inch, eighty-one cubic is divided into one stone, two is one together, ten is one liter, and ten is one stone.

Put millet into the Huang Zhonglu tube, which can hold 1,200 grains and weigh 12 baht, which is twice as much as 24 baht and 16 taels as a catty.

Therefore, "Chinese Zhou Yu" has this account: "...... Therefore, the first king made the clock, which is not too big to be heavy, and it is not as heavy as a stone. Laws, degrees, measurements, and balances are born. ”

Therefore, this is not only a musical benchmark tone, but also a solar term observation tool used by the Chinese people for a long time, a unit of length, a unit of volume, and a unit of weight.

However, this unit of the Zhou Dynasty has been lost, and the historical law chief has been changing, and there is no Huang Zhong law pipe that can really be used to set the tone has been handed down.

This led to the fact that in the Song Dynasty, what kind of pitch Huang Zhong was became a big mystery in history.

The reason for the big controversy is also because of this.

There were too many things about Su You, so he didn't waste a lot of time.

The function of weights and measures is no longer important, and the weights and measures of the Soviet family also contain an important connotation of the cosmic occult - one ten-millionth of the prime meridian of the earth is one meter, and combined with the substance of water, the volume and weight can also be determined.

This is also an important reason why many scholars and doctors recognize the science of science - it is in line with the way of heaven.

It only took a week for Suyou to give the perfect solution.

Sima Guang, the prime minister, collected a bell in Luoyang, which was one of the clear voices in the twelve laws - Taituan.

Su You has uncovered the secret of the high and low of sound - frequency, and determined a unit of measurement for frequency - vibration. At the same time, a tool for testing pitch was invented - a tuning fork.

These are the means and equipment that have matured before the polytechnic, and piano tuning depends on them.

After calculation, the frequency of the yellow bell of the Zhou Dynasty was exactly 864 vibrations.

Miraculously, this note drops an octave, which happens to be exactly the same frequency as the note in the middle of the keyboard of today's popular pianos!

That tone was finally determined by the music experts of the Great Song Dynasty after many years of adjustment in order to get the most harmonious response with the human voice.

The magical combination of ancient and modern, in the dark, there seem to be ghosts and gods!

Crazy, the doctors are crazy again!

Su Yougong retired and presented the Western Zhou Taituan chimes sent by Sima Guang, the new brass rhythm pipe made by the Institute of Science and Technology, the tuning fork for standard pitch testing, and the music theory works written by Lu Zhen and Wang Congzhi on the basis of the twelve equal temperaments, "Lu Lu Qing Yao" and "Five Tone Justice", and the matter was over.