Phosphorus has several different elemental states in nature, but the properties are very different, and the large-scale application of the later generations of An matches is to have red phosphorus, but Chen Xu does not remember the preparation method of red phosphorus, and the production of white phosphorus is also very dangerous, and it will burn and explode if you are not careful.

In the history of mankind, chemical experiments are completed by countless people with their lives, and in the factory disasters of later generations, chemical factories are also the most dangerous places.

Although chemical research is dangerous, it has to be said that chemical experiments are full of infinite mysteries and have aroused the fanatical pursuit of countless enthusiasts.

And in history, the discovery of phosphorus can be said to be a wonder, because there is an ancient saying among European alchemists in the Middle Ages, as long as you find something called the philosopher's stone, you can turn the stone into gold, so countless alchemists began to feverishly look for the philosopher's stone, hiding in the dark hut and chanting all kinds of spells, burning stones, stirring liquids, and all kinds of yellow things are interested, all kinds of feces and urine are also the objects of their research, so a guy is getting dozens of buckets of urine for cooking and refining, just like when Chen Xu made nitrate in Xiaohe Village, in the end, after refining the urine in various ways, he occasionally found some waxy white substance, and it glowed green in the dark laboratory.

Later, this substance was named phosphorus, which originally meant cold light, and after the discovery of phosphorus, the flammable properties were quickly applied, and it was first used in matches.

Matches were actually studied very early in the Academy of Sciences, and began after the preparation of the Academy of Sciences, because there was a research basis for gunpowder, and there was no shortage of flammable materials such as saltpeter and sulfur, so Chen Xu asked craftsmen to cooperate with various flammable materials to conduct countless experiments, and finally made a match that burned by rubbing flint powder, the formula of this primitive match has saltpeter, sulfur, trace iron powder and tung oil, which is almost a copy of the gunpowder ignition explosion process.

Although this primitive match can be struck, but the success rate is not high, the probability of ignition is related to luck, sometimes the luck bursts with one and burns, sometimes seven or eight or ten can be lit, and even a box is used up, so although the match is very popular in the Academy of Sciences system, it has a nickname called the lucky ignition stick, before striking each match, it is best to pray sincerely in the bottom of your heart for the blessing of Taiyi Xianzun.

But even if the match is very difficult to use, but it is still much more convenient than flint, because flint ignition also has to carry easy to burn velvet, if it is in the field in the humid and rainy weather, it is extremely difficult to make a fire, so the soldiers who march to fight are generally not able to eat hot meals and drink hot water, one is that the conditions are not allowed, and the other is that the environment is too bad, maybe the fire has not been ignited and the enemy has been killed to the door of the barracks.

Although the success rate of the lucky ignition stick is not high, but it is convenient and fast, as long as it is burned, the fire is very easy, so it is liked by many people, some lottery enthusiasts of the Academy of Sciences are relying on the probability of the match to buy the Keju lottery ticket, a burning, that is the lucky cover body, it is necessary to buy more, five, six, seven or eight burns can still buy a little, as for half a box of a box can not be lit is better or do not spend money indiscriminately, Even some folk magicians who are proficient in Yili will ask for some matches from the Academy of Sciences through various channels to fortune-telling.

So the lucky ignition stick is no longer as simple as a small match, it has been endowed with more heaven and earth principles, a match is lit, and what rises in the air is a great road breath, burning is the two qi of yin and yang, the power of the five elements, the fire of gossip and the luck of life.

However, because the perfect match formula has not been found, mainly because phosphorus has not been found, Chen Xu has not promoted the development and production of matches on a large scale, and Chen Xu has no time to study it himself, after all, the use of flint to ignite fire has lasted for tens of thousands of years in human history, and the Chinese did not come into contact with the tall fire-taking device of matches until the Opium War, and matches were named foreign fire and were sought after by the Chinese, and non-rich and noble families could not afford to use them. Until the founding of New China, flint fire is still being used on a large scale in China's folk, and then with the stability of the country and the rapid development of industry, flint quickly withdrew from the scope of ordinary people's lives, but in Chen Xu's memory, when he was a child, he also found flint used to make fire in his grandfather's drawer, but then I don't know where to throw it.

Therefore, under the immature process and formula, Chen Xu feels that it is more economical and applicable for everyone to continue to use flint, after all, a piece of flint can be used as a family heirloom for dozens or hundreds of years, and anyway, Chen Xu himself does not need to make a fire, that is a matter only for servants, even if the Hou Mansion still uses drilling wood for fire, it will not affect him much.

But I didn't expect that two years after the establishment of the chemical laboratory, which has not achieved any results, the problem of phosphorus was solved, as long as the non-toxic red phosphorus can be sorted out, the large-scale promotion of matches is basically a matter of course.

In the next few days, Chen Xu went out early and returned late every day, except for going to the court and dealing with official business, almost most of the time was soaked in the laboratory, except for checking the production process of soap, most of them were with Yu Yuan to study the extraction of yellow phosphorus and the preparation of red phosphorus, of course, the results were also very significant.

In fact, it is only necessary to heat the overflow gas into the water when the phosphate rock is distilled to cool down quickly, and the yellow phosphorus will condense in the water, and there will be no danger of combustion and volatilization and explosion when stored in cold water, but in the process of converting yellow phosphorus into red phosphorus, the test tube and flask burned and exploded several times, but the amount of yellow phosphorus used each time was very small, so it did not hurt anyone, and the test lasted until the fifth day. Finally, when the distillation was carried out in a closed environment, the yellow phosphorus in the flask turned into a red powder.

Getting this result, Chen Xu finally breathed a sigh of relief, although there is no thermometer and more sophisticated test equipment at the moment, but in terms of results, at least a way to convert white phosphorus into red phosphorus has been found, that is, to isolate the air and heat it to a certain temperature under the condition of sealing, otherwise this conversion process cannot happen.

The rest of Chen Xu didn't plan to mix, and they were all lost to Yu Yuan and a few Fang Shi apprentices in the laboratory.

It is too dangerous to study these things, and they are not suitable for him, the noble Shangqing and the Hou Ye.

And these days, soap and soap experiments have also been very successful, several groups after the comparative test of different formulas, came up with a more suitable proportion formula of saponification reaction, but also found that the addition of some salt with sodium alkali can make the saponification reaction achieve better results, the coagulated soap is basically not much different from the soap of later generations, very strong and good decontamination effect, and the soap made of potassium alkali is not in a good coagulation state, a bit like ointment, after this discovery, Chen Xu felt as if he saw alabaster beckoning to him.

At present, it seems that it is possible to officially make soap, so Chen Xu asked people to go to the experimental factory outside the city to get back the customized double-layer steamer, and let a group of alchemists weigh the lye and lard according to the best recipe and put it in the pot to heat and stir for saponification, and at the same time, let people go to the wood factory to find someone to make a mold for making soap, the structure is very simple, it is a wooden frame composed of several wooden boards, forming a five-by-ten square array, and when the time comes, as long as the soap is poured in, When it solidifies, you can open the mold and get the same size soap.

Two hours later, a pot of lard and alkaline water completed the saponification reaction, added some salt grains and continued to stir, the creamy saponification liquid soon began to solidify in layers, at this time, pour some floral essential oil while it is hot and stir it quickly, filter it with gauze, and finally pour it into the mold.

In fact, everyone found that adding salt to the pot can not speed up the saponification process, but the advantage is that it can speed up the separation and coagulation of the saponification liquid, if you do not add salt, the soap made will take at least three days to complete solidification, but if you add salt to stir, the soap can be solidified in two hours at most, so in Chen Xu's view, industrial manufacturing is naturally as fast as possible.

In the evening, the sun had set.

At the gate of Qinghe Villa, as every day, a group of flowery women were already waiting at the door to visit.

Waiting for her husband and Hou Ye to come home is the one thing they look forward to the most every day.

Although Chen Xu has been a little mysterious in the past few days, he has been going home on time almost every day, but today he is almost in the middle of the hour, and he has not seen the shadow of Chen Xu's carriage.

"Sister Shui, do you want to arrange for someone to go to the city to see your husband!" Ying Shiyan, who had a big belly, said with some concern.

"Yes, Sister Shui, if you don't come back so late, will you be in trouble?" Meng Wan was also a little anxious.

"Don't worry, if the husband doesn't go back to the other courtyard, he will definitely arrange for the guards to come back and report, since he doesn't, he must come back, just wait......" Shui said softly, but he still unconsciously tiptoed in the direction of Xianyang City and kept looking.

Another moment passed, the sunset on the horizon had begun to darken, and just when the water was a little anxious, listening to the jingling and clear sound of bells and faint horses' hooves in the evening breeze, a group of women instantly relaxed their faces.

"I have never forgotten you in the sunset, stepping on the green grass and setting sunset in my heart, always a little sad that I don't have you in my dreams......"

In the familiar sound of horses' hooves and bells, there was a familiar voice humming a light and novel song with the wind getting closer and closer.

Soon a group of burly guards escorted a four-wheel drive luxury carriage Kick and Tap appeared in the eyes of a group of people, with a loud sound, the groom steadily parked the carriage at the gate of the courtyard, and the door was pushed open, and Chen Xu got off the car with a smile on his face.