Huang Taiji was born on October 25, the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (November 28, 1592), the eighth son of Nurhachi, and was loved by Nurhachi since he was a child. Huang Taiji's biological mother, Yehenala Menggu Zhezhe, was the daughter of Yang Jinu (Yangjianu), the leader of the Haixi Jurchen Yehe tribe. In order to form an alliance with Nurhachi, Yang Jinu married his youngest daughter to him, saying that this was a natural "good couple". In the sixteenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1588), Nurhachi got married at the age of thirty, and the bride was only fourteen years old. [9] Nurhachi had many wives and children, the highest of whom was the Fucha Gundai, the mother of Mang Gurtai. [10] However, Nurhachi had a close relationship with the Yehnara clan and liked her to serve her husband without interfering in political affairs.

Qing Taizong often wears robes and gowns

Qing Taizong often wears robes and gowns

Huang Taiji himself was born with a red complexion, clear eyebrows, steady movements, and dignified manners. [11] He was clever and clever, heard what he heard, and knew when he saw it. He loved to read and learn, and he was the only one of Nurhachi's generals who could read. [12] When his father and brother were busy fighting for many years, the seven-year-old Huang Taiji began to preside over the housekeeping, not only managing the daily affairs of the family, money and other revenues and expenditures in an orderly manner. In particular, if there are some things that don't bother Nurhachi to worry about instructions, Huang Taiji can do a good job, the same as he thinks, so Nurhachi loves Huang Taiji even more like a "heart". [13]

In the autumn of the 31st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1603), Menggu Zhezhe was ill and wanted to see his mother, Nurhachi sent someone to inform him of the matter, but Yehebel Nalimbulu did not agree. In September of the same year, Meng Gu Zhezhe died of illness, and Huang Taiji was 12 years old at the time. When Meng Gu was alive, the time to be a great blessing was short, and after Huang Taiji became a great khan, he respected his mother Meng Gu Zhezhe as the queen of filial piety. [14]

After the death of his mother, Huang Taiji followed his father and brother, grew up rapidly, and soon became a young man who could write and martial arts. The Manchu and the Jurchens of the ancestors were known for their martial arts, and Huang Taiji learned the traditional customs of his own people from his father, and participated in hunting since he was a child. After becoming the emperor, Huang Taiji still remembers this life when he was a child, and once said: "When Taizu, we heard that we were going out to hunt the next day, that is, we adjusted the eagle and squirrel in advance to make all kinds of preparations. If you don't let you go when the time comes, you have to ask to go even if you cry. In the past, young and old, they all competed to forge ahead, and they all took marching and hunting as a great joy. At that time, there were few servants, and everyone was shearing his horse and saddling, chopping wood and cooking, and even if it was so hard, he was willing to serve the Lord, and the prosperity of the country today is the result of this hard work. [15] Huang Taiji was very much like his father, hard-working and strong-bodied. Shenyang Shisheng Temple once had a bow he used, the arrow was more than four feet long, not only ordinary people dare not ask, even a strong man is difficult to pull away, and Huang Taiji used it freely. [16]

The first battle in all directions

Main article: Battle of Sarhu

Since he was a teenager, Huang Taiji often hunted and fought with his father and brother, and was skilled in riding and shooting. In the fortieth year of Wanli (1612), he set out from his father to conquer the Jurchen Ula Department in Haixi and the six cities of Ke. [17] On the basis of the gradual unification of the Jurchen tribes, Huang Taiji helped his father Nurhachi establish the new Later Jin state. Nurhachi once wanted to make his eldest son Chu Ying the prince, but Chu Ying did a lot of things against Nurhachi's back against his wishes, and even forced Huang Taiji and others to act with him. Huang Taiji and others exposed Chu Ying's conspiracy to Nurhachi, and in the forty-first year of Wanli (1613), Nurhachi imprisoned Chu Ying, and resolutely executed him two years later. [18] Since then, Huang Taiji has gained further trust. In the forty-third year of Wanli (1615), Nurhachi integrated yellow, white, red, and blue and added yellow, white, red, and blue, and officially completed the Eight Banners system of military and political integration. Huang Taiji was appointed as Baylor in charge of the white flag [19].

In the first year of the Later Jin Mandate of Heaven (the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, 1616),

Huang Tai Chi

Huang Tai Chi

Nurhachi established the Dajin State (known as Houjin in history), called the Great Khan, and appointed the second son Daishan as the Great Beyler, his nephew Amin as the second Beyler, the fifth son Mang Gurtai as the third Beyler, and the eighth son Huang Taiji as the fourth Beyler, referred to as the Four Beylers. [20] In the third year of the Mandate of Heaven (1618), Nurhachi made up his mind to launch an attack on the Ming Dynasty, but the specific actions were not decided. Huang Taiji offered a plan. He proposed to hit Fushun first, "Fushun is where I go in and out, and I must take it first." He also suggested taking advantage of the opportunity of the Ming Dynasty's guerrilla attack on Li Yongfang to open the horse market from 8 to 25 April, and sent 50 people to disguise themselves as horse merchants, divided into five groups, and enter the city as a city, and then he personally led 5,000 soldiers to march to the city at night. Nurhachi gladly accepted his suggestion. On 13 April, he pledged to conquer the Ming Dynasty with the "Seven Great Hatreds", and the result was a great victory. [21] The Battle of Fushun was the first major battle between the Later Jin and the Ming Dynasty, which had a profound impact on the later development of the Later Jin.

The news of the defeat of the Fushun army and the fall of the city reached the Ming capital, "the dynasty was shocked",[22] Mingshenzong, who had ignored the government for many years, exclaimed: "The Liaozuo army has fallen, the establishment of the state is in flames, and the border affairs are very critical." [23] In order to put Houjin to death, the Ming Dynasty united with the Jurchen Yehebu and the Joseon Dynasty in the fourth year of the Mandate of Heaven (1619) to launch the famous Battle of Sarhu. Later, the Jin army advanced to Salhu (now east of the Dahuofang Reservoir in Fushun, Liaoning) and fought with the Ming army. Then he went north to meet the Ming army of Kaiyuan General Ma Lin all the way, and on the way, Huang Taiji defeated the rear camp of the Juniper army, the guerrillas Gong Niansui and Li Xiyu. After the victory in the west and north roads, and when he was ready to move to the east road, Huang Taiji followed closely after Daishan, Amin, and Mang Gurtai and rushed to the front line. Liu Ling, the chief military officer of the Ming Dynasty, died in battle. [24] The other Ming army, led by Li Rubai, failed to engage in a confrontation and fled back in embarrassment. The Battle of Salhu was the first decisive battle between the Later Jin and the Ming Dynasty, and Huang Taiji made great contributions to the victory. [25] In the tenth year of the Mandate of Heaven (the fifth year of the Enlightenment of the Ming Dynasty, 1625), Huang Taiji and his brother Abatai led 5,000 elite cavalry to aid Korqin, forcing the Chahar Mongol leader Lin Dan Khan to flee away.

Succeeded to the throne as Khan

Main article: The Battle of Ningyuan, the Battle of Ningjin, and the Battle of the Later Jin Attack on Chahar Mongols

On August 11, the 11th year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhachi died of depression due to the defeat in the Battle of Ningyuan. The eldest concubine Abahai and two concubines were martyred. Dai Shan and his sons Yue Tuo and Sakhalian supported the throne of the Emperor Taiji. Dai Shan's eldest son, Belle Yueto, and his third son, Bel Sakhalian, told the ministers of Zhubeile the reason for supporting Huang Taiji: "Talent and virtue crown the world, and succeed to the throne as soon as possible." Because of the strong support of Dai Shan, who is the eldest brother, all the Belles are the conjunction, please go to the throne",