Therefore, how to fight the 500 training team of the Bao army and the artillery company with four infantry guns were decided by the commander of the Bao regiment of the teaching team.

Lining up in formation, shooting and killing tactics, this is something that has been practiced before.

Why is there such a tactic as "lining up to shoot", in the war scenes of the 17th and 19th centuries, soldiers generally held guns, stood in several rows and walked forward, waiting for the two sides to get close to the rear and shoot at each other, and everyone did not hide.

Whoever defeats the opposite side first will win.

This kind of interesting war scene looks ridiculous under the military thinking of later generations.

Why didn't everyone dodge and shoot in a row.

Find cover, or just run.

As a result, many people also jokingly call this tactic "lining up to shoot".

The phrase "line up to shoot" was only jokingly called by later generations, and the correct name for this tactic was "line infantry".

Now it seems that this tactic is not given for nothing, but this seemingly stupid tactic is actually the best at the time, but it is indeed the most reasonable tactic.

In the era of cold weapons, everyone knows that the formation of troops is extremely important when fighting a war.

In many battles, once one side of the formation collapsed, the troops became scattered, and the defeat was like a mountain, and they basically went to defeat.

With the transition of hot and cold weapons, the development of weapons, muskets slowly appeared.

The early muskets were arquebuses, smoothbore guns, and the like.

These muskets fired not the bullets we see today, but projectiles.

As a result, many barrels are not rifled, and due to the smoke and sparks from gunpowder, it is important for soldiers to turn their faces to the side when pulling the trigger to avoid being smeared by the fireworks.

In addition, the design of air tightness is not in place.

As a result, the early muskets were quite powerful, but the accuracy and range were extremely poor.

This has led to a situation in which if they were to shoot at each other in the trenches as in a modern war, even in World War I, the hit rate would be extremely low, and the two sides would not be able to kill more than 100 people in a year's fight.

The musket reloads very slowly, and a well-trained soldier can barely get two or three rounds a minute.

After loading a bullet for a long time, and then shooting, whether to shoot or not basically depends on faith.

Under this level of weapon development, many ideas of modern warfare cannot be applied.

As a result, in order to ensure the output of firepower during the war, the army of that era appeared the "linear infantry" method of warfare.

Linear infantry was the infantry formation that was the basis of the European armies from the 17th century to the middle of the 19th century.

It usually consisted of two to five columns of side-by-side infantry.

Each platoon of soldiers is spaced about half a meter apart.

Command through the orders of the officers and the drumbeat of the military music to make the troops move forward, stop and shoot.

The loading, accuracy, and range of the musket limit the lethality and accuracy of a single shot, and it is difficult for the enemy to hit even if he stands there and targets you.

But if a large group of people fire at the same time, probably aiming at the opposing army, the probability of hitting can be effectively increased. The principle is that there are many people, fire together, there is always one who can hit, I can't hit you, and I can hit him. Anyway, it doesn't matter who you hit if you can hit the enemy.

The current teaching team of 500 members of the Baojun Army is like this, standing in neat five rows, one row of 100 people, and marching forward steadily.

President Wei stood at the head of Ningyuan City and watched the Baojun slowly and steadily move closer to the Jiannu camp with a telescope, feeling his blood boiling.

"Linear infantry" operations are carried out in such a queue in a row.

When it's time to shoot, they fire together.

Combine the scattered firepower of individual soldiers to compensate for the shortcomings of the musket.

When everyone gets together, it can also effectively prevent the cavalry from impacting.

When the cavalry from the opposite side came.

The soldiers would form a hollow square formation to form a square, one block at a time, with the officer drummer waiting in the middle of the formation.

The soldiers in the outer circle squatted in the front row and stood in the back row, using muskets and bayonets to ensure that the formation was not overwhelmed by the cavalry as much as possible.

After a few hits, we found a problem.

After firing a round or two of guns on the battlefield, a large amount of smoke filled the front.

I can't see what's going on on the other side at all.

Coupled with the concentrated fire on both sides, it was difficult for these soldiers to hear the commander's orders clearly, and they began to fire at will.

This deprives the core concept of linear infantry tactics.

And the smoke gave the enemy cavalry a good cover.

Makes the flanks of the front more vulnerable to cavalry attacks. So the two sides fought, fired a round or two, and honestly began to fight with bayonets, until one side was routed and retreated, and then declared defeat.

This means that for a long time after that, the tactics of line infantry did not change very much.

Many countries are stuck in a directional mindset.

It's as if this is how the battle was fought.

The two sides lined up, artillery bombardment, fire, bayonet fighting, and the thing was done.

The advantages of engagement can be increased by numbers, weapons, formations, and cavalry.

As a result, countries have put their development thinking on how to improve the range and accuracy of firearms.

When nations engage in war under this default tactical system, a nation breaks with the tradition of line infantry.

When this tradition was broken, it became the most glorious country of the era of line infantry, and that was the United Kingdom, which established the empire on which the sun never set.

The British lobster soldiers, dressed in red, were very dazzling at the time.

Why Britain was the king of the time,

It's the British who used their brains.

Thinking that the two of you are shooting at each other, and you can't kill a few of them, you start to fight with bayonets after shooting.

The whole day is still thinking in the era of cold weapons.

So the Duke of Wellington, a British general, came up with an interesting tactic, which was also a backslope tactic that they were proud of.

In the Peninsular War, which began in 1808, he faced the fierce French army of the Napoleonic era. The British artillery was not superior in numbers.

At that time, the French army was 26,000 and the British army was 17,000, and in order to resist the strong attack of the French army, Wellington first arranged the array in several rows as before.

Instead, it is pulled into a long array of only 3 to 4 people.

This long array is known as the "thin red line".

Then they all hid behind the hillside, so that not only could the enemy not see the formation and numbers, but also could hide from the shells.

Use a part of the stragglers in front of the hill to shoot cold guns to interfere with the enemy, and wait for the French army on the opposite side to think, how can this be such a person, and even the queue is not good, isn't this a gift for nothing.

So the French troops in the front row thought that the British army had been defeated, so they abandoned the formation and began to harvest, and when they crossed the mountain, they found that there was a long list of British troops waiting for them behind the mountain.

The vanguard French army, which had abandoned the line column, was stunned by this tactic, and without the line column there was basically no combat effectiveness.

Directly hit and rolled down the mountain.

At the same time, the British army began to attack over the mountains,

And with the momentum of two wings together, to attack the French army in the back row and in formation.

The two wings also formed the effect of crossfire.

Coupled with the fact that the thin red line was running down the mountain, the morale of the French army collapsed.

A single straight line could not resist the British army's encirclement line at all.

In this way, the French army was beaten violently by the British who had their brains.

In this way, the British took advantage of the terrain and changed the structure of the line to win the French army.

A problem arises, every time there is a war, it is impossible to always fight on the hillside.

So the British thought about the flaws in the tactics of the lower line and found a key point.

At that time, the biggest problem with muskets was accuracy and range, the two sides shot at each other from a long distance, you and I played one round, and the fight was the same as the turn-based system.

After a few rounds of firefighting, with the poor performance of the muskets at the time, there were not many deaths on both sides.

In the end, it was a bayonet.

Accuracy and range are just like that, so what to do if you want to improve it.

Then get closer and fire again.

It's best to shoot the gun in the face of the enemy to make sure it doesn't miss.

As a result, Britain changed its traditional line-based tactical thinking.

If the enemy wants to shoot, he will shoot, and he won't be able to kill many people anyway.

We're not going to shoot, we're going to go under your fire.

In this way, the British began to shoot incorrectly, letting the enemy shoot two or three rounds first.

Anyway, the accuracy is like that, and the speed of the rebound is slow.

You shoot casually, and if I dodge, I will lose.

The soldiers in the back row who were shot went up and kept the line moving on.

Wouldn't the soldiers in the front row of the British army be miserable.

It's miserable, it's a little bit.

But he couldn't stand the harsh military law.

Because if you were cowardly or wanted to be a deserter at that time, the consequences would be miserable.

It's better to die on the way to attack.

At the same time, the officers of the British army also advanced with the soldiers, and the officers took the lead, and the soldiers did not complain.

Anyway, whether it will hit or not depends on your luck.

Coupled with the encouragement of military music, the lobster soldiers of the British army marched forward with their heads held high and braved the enemy's guns.

At that time, the armies of many countries could not hold back and would fire in advance, but because of the performance of the muskets, the lethality was limited, and the British army could not be completely defeated.

The British maintained their formation with strict military law and discipline.

Sacrifice part of the troops, and when you get close enough, it is usually within thirty meters.

The British will take advantage of the fact that the enemy who shoots first is still reloading.

Shoot your enemies directly with one or two rounds of fire with the best accuracy.

Once the enemy is crushed, the formation will collapse, and then the bayonet charge will be launched to harvest the battlefield.

And the defense, the most typical is the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759.

In the face of the French attack, the British army always stood like a wall.

At that time, the British army received an order that they must wait for the enemy to reach 27 meters before shooting, and they will be dealt with in violation of military law.

During the French attack, several rounds were fired, and nearly a quarter of the British soldiers were knocked out, and they were unmoved.

Wait until the French army reached 27 meters. The British lost 530 men in one volley, and nearly 800 French troops in the next two volleys.

Directly crushed the French front.

The morale of the French army plummeted and fled in a hurry, while the British army at this time blew bagpipes and mounted bayonets to launch an attack, completely defeating the French army.

The British army broke away from the stereotyped thinking of the line infantry era and no longer won by traditional inefficient long-range fire.

The tactics of making the soldiers look stupid to line up and shoot are finally won, one war after another.

The glory of the empire on which the sun never sets.

Interestingly, however, Britain, which broke with the linear infantry tradition, achieved great results.

The emergence of line infantry tactics was also due to the limitations of the level of weapons at that time.

As history progresses, so do the advances in weaponry, when the range accuracy of weapons and the speed of firepower reloading are no longer the same.

The end of linear infantry tactics was thrown into the wheel of history after the advent of automatic weapons.

In World War I, some tactically backward British commanders even used line tactics.

At the Somme, let the soldiers line up to attack the German positions.

The machine guns that were directly attacked by the German army with crossfire killed nearly 60,000 people in one day.

completely ended this tactic and let the queue be shot into the dust of history.

Relying on a queue to shoot, why can modern European armies beat Asian and African countries.

They lined up in stiff and slender formations, and the two armies stood between each other like gentlemen "lining up to shoot".

But this is how an army that many people disdain, but in two centuries, it was able to fight almost all other traditional armies.

To understand line tactics or line tactics, we must first explain the concept of the modern army.

Compared with China, in fact, European and American historiography has more rigorous standards.

In European and American historical standards, the concept of modern warfare is actually distinguished by firearms.

Wars such as the Thirty Years' War in Europe, the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, the Ottoman Empire in the Near East, and Safavid Persia are often referred to as "pre-modern wars".

Like the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and the subsequent Crimean War and the American Civil War, these firearms have occupied the mainstream factors of war in the war, but the overall war pattern, which still bears the distinct mark of the cold weapon era, is called "post-modern war", and this is also the peak era of the line era.

The Napoleonic Wars were the beginning of postmodern warfare and the pinnacle of the era of the line line.

If we compare the armies of the pure line era with other traditional pre-modern warfare armies, it is actually the ratio of the use of firearms by the armies.

For example, infantry, the various military powers in the era of the line and the various infantry arms responsible for operations often have a firearms armament rate of more than 90 percent, or even close to 100 percent.

For many other traditional armies, because they rely on cold weapons to protect their musketeers, the rate of firearm equipment will naturally be greatly reduced.

The traditional army of the Qing Dynasty in the Second Opium War encountered the Anglo-French alliance at the end of the line era.

In addition to the rate of firearms, the army of the line era also had a very important advantage in the quality of equipment, which was the difference between flintlock pistols and arquebuses.

The flintlock pistol was more stable than the arquebus, and in addition to that, it also had an advantage in the average rate of fire.

Of course, on the other hand, the complex bolt of the flintlock pistol is not only more difficult to manufacture, but also more expensive.

It is often not only weapons that decide wars.

If we look at the evolution of the armed forces throughout the pre-modern war period, regardless of the military powers in the world, the use of firearms, without exception, has expanded the firing surface or firepower coverage area of firearms through various formations.

In the era of single-shot firearms, the only way to expand the firing surface to the extreme and maintain the continuity of the design was to pull up a long line to produce maximum coverage of the enemy's firepower.

Of course, this tactic does have its drawbacks, such as the fact that soldiers must be trained to ensure the accuracy of their shooting.

In addition, their training requirements for marching troops are also higher than those of pre-modern wars and ancient times, otherwise it is easy to loosen the formation, which will give the enemy a huge flaw.

The armies of the line era are often more trained than the armies of the pre-modern wars and the ancient period, so in addition to lining up, the armies of European powers often temporarily change their formations and tactics according to different battle conditions and terrains.

This is even more evident when the armies of the line era are fighting with the armies of the pre-modern warfare era, especially when the two sides are firing at each other.

Especially in the battle against many countries in East Asia that are still dominated by arquebuses, the flintlock smoothbore guns of the European line era have formed a great advantage in the consistency and accuracy of shooting.

Even for some nomadic tribes who lacked or had poor quality firearms and used bows and arrows in large numbers, European armies could even kill them effectively beyond the range of their weapons.

And because of this, they appeared in the battle with zero casualties that many people today do not want to believe.

It should be noted that the effective range, maximum range, and after-effect of flintlock pistols far exceed those of bows and arrows.

The Bao army is based on the German Mauser 98K imitation of the five-shot rifle, based on the standard breech gun, even if the accuracy and durability need to be improved, it is also the most powerful weapon in the world in this era, more than Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands three maritime troika, than the newly rising British army, are more than 300 years stronger!

Many guns have been in service for two world wars, such as Mosin Nagant, Haruta, Type 38, etc.

Of these, Mosin Nagant produced nearly 20 million by the end of World War II.

Chuntian produced a total of 2.6 million pieces, and 38 type produced more than 300 pieces.

The situation of the Mauser 98 in Germany is more complicated, and the 98K equipped in World War II produced a total of 14.5 million units, which is not as good as Mosin Nagant.

However, 98k is deeply modified on the basis of the Mauser 98 in World War I, and if the production of Mauser 98 is counted, it is nearly 100 million, including imitations from various countries.

Because the Mauser 98 was a sought-after item in the world arms market at that time, just like the production of 75 million units during the Cold War.

Like the imitation AK47, it was the king of guns at that time.

The most produced in World War I was the Mauser 98, and the largest in World War II was the Mosin Nagant or 98k.

Because Mosin's 20 million pieces of production are the total production from World War I to World War II, the production during World War II cannot be determined.

The teaching team of the Baojun is composed of officers who are about to enter the president's guard, all of whom are veterans who have been in the army for at least two years, have experienced several battles between Liaonan and Jiannu, and have received a preliminary literacy education.

Whether it is weapons, military quality, or military discipline, it is unmatched by any army in this world.

If it weren't for such a big advantage, President Wei would be reluctant to send out 500 elite troops to line up with people and shoot them.

At this time, the Jiannu were gathering one after another.

Baojun walked to a place five hundred meters away from Ningyuan City and stopped, this position was still four miles away from the Jiannu camp.

The infantry artillery of the treasure army was already at a sufficient range.

At this distance, there is no need to aim, as long as you enter the camp of Jiannu, you can kill people.

Boom Boom!

A round of shelling completely woke Jiannu up, and he was afraid of the explosion.

Jiannu is not afraid of anything else, and is most afraid of the cannons of the treasure army.

There was no way to attack the city, and there was an order from above to rush forward against the artillery fire of the treasure army.

Now it's the place where the treasure army bombs them, which is equivalent to bombing their home.

Everyone has a home-loving mentality, and now that the troops are dispatched, the big camp is their home, and their home has been bombed, and they are absolutely panicked.

"Array, kill me!" Nurha was furious. And it was ordered without hesitation.

No matter how powerful the treasure army is, now the treasure army is attacking its own camp, which is unbearable.

Nurhachi couldn't bear it, and the Eight Banners soldiers in the entire Jiannu camp couldn't bear it, it hurt his self-esteem too much.

"Father Khan, don't you think twice?" Huang Taiji persuaded: "Since the treasure army dares to pull out to fight us, it must be quite sure." ”

"Stop talking nonsense!" Nurhachi was irritated and went straight back.

Immediately, Amin, Daishan, Mang Gurtai, and others led an army of 30,000 to directly assault the whole army.

The overwhelming Eight Banners soldiers poured towards the treasure army like a tide.

Wei Bao was shocked, he didn't expect to pull the army out to fight, and the impact on Jiannu was so big, he actually came up and studed.

Although he usually has a love for soldiers like a son, Wei Bao actually doesn't care about these hundreds of people and a few cannons, and if they are gone, they will be gone.

Wei Bao was mainly worried that these people would not be able to meet such a big battle, and they would break up, which would hurt morale, and if the army was all killed, it should not only not hurt the morale of the soldiers in the city, but would boost morale even more.

"Let the remaining infantry team program a team of five hundred people, a total of eight teams ready to standby! Only the President's Guard is left to defend the city! Wei Bao said to Madman Tan.

Nurhachi dares to stud, doesn't Lao Tzu dare?

Since the moment he ordered the army to leave the city, Wei Bao didn't care, anyway, there were 500 people in the president's guard to defend the city, and even 20,000 Jiannu might not be able to break through, and it would not pose a threat to Wei Bao's own safety.

Madman Tan agreed without hesitation and asked the staff officers to give orders to various combat units.

Originally, each combat unit was composed of 1,000 people, and 500 people were a battalion, which was easy to divide into battalions.

The Baojun is already a modern military system, whether it is closed or separated, it is very simple.

The military system of the Bao Army is three hundred years higher than any army of this era!

With the squad leader as the unit, each class cooks its own food, and there is a grassroots political organization in the class.

At the company level, there are instructors, and at the class level, there are political officers.

Bao Jun is all members of the Heaven and Earth Society, not to mention the people who teach the team.

The lowest level of the teaching team is also a non-commissioned officer.

More than 30,000 Jiannu iron horsemen flocked to it, and Jiannu said that more than 65,000 people came, and more than 10,000 were defeated by the treasure army, and there were still 53,400 left.

Of the 53,400,000, more than 20,000 were on foot, and there were no horses.

So now it's all the money of Jiannu that has been taken out.

More than 30,000 troops rushed from the front, two wings, and three directions, and some people outflanked them in a roundabout way.

These are the traditional methods of warfare of Jiannu, just like hunting.

It's a pity that the treasure army is like a scale, and Jiannu can't bite it.

The artillery fired three rounds a minute, and the four infantry guns could fire twelve rounds a minute, a total of more than 200 shells, and a total of more than 20 trailers.