In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen on the eve of the death of the Ming Dynasty, the Eight Banners attacked Ningyuan and were even defeated by Wu Sangui using the cannons hidden in the array.

For example, the Battle of Songjin was precisely because the Qing army was unfavorable, and Dolgon and other banner owners even proposed to withdraw their troops to force Huang Taiji to rush to the Songjin battlefield with a sick body and nosebleeds.

A careful study of the previous battles of the Ming and Qing dynasties shows that in these battles, many local field battles were fought very well by the Ming army, and did not show obvious defeat.

However, in the end, except for Ningyuan and Ningjin, the Ming army basically lost.

For example, in the battle of the Hunhe River, the Liao army sat back and did not save the white pole soldiers and the Zhejiang soldiers. Why not save? It is not that the Liao army on the side is greedy for life and afraid of death, but that there is a contradiction between the Liao army and the southern army, and there was a contradiction when it came to aid Korea.

The Southern Army not only had contradictions with the Liao Army, but also with the Jizhen Border Army.

Why the southern army and the white pole army are arranged separately is not a tactical plan at all, but the two armies do not trust each other, because before the aid of Liao, the two armies had already fought a group fight in Jizhen, each with casualties, and even the artillery was used, so how to talk about trust and cooperation.

The great enemy is not able to stumble on each other at present, and it is considered a conscience.

Some generals often choose to flee in order to preserve their strength.

For example, in the Battle of Changshan in the Daling River, Wu Xiang led the cavalry of Jiading and the cavalry of the Liangyi Battalion to run away directly, throwing Song Weiche's battalion and infantry to Huang Taiji.

When he returned to Jinzhou to count the troops he led, there were not many losses.

Some people take advantage of the war to make their country rich.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, grain was transported from the Bohai Bay to the Liaodong Sea, and it could still float at every turn.

Many people thought that Huang Taiji had laid down Hong Chengchou's granary, which was the key to the defeat of the Ming army, but in fact, the Korean prince who was sent by the Qing army to transport grain found that the so-called grain in the granary was rancid and smelly, and could not be eaten at all.

The grain actually transported to Liaodong has been "planted with sand and chaff" by officials.

In the 47th year of Wanli, the West French Party, which was highly praised by later generations, proposed to train 20,000 elite soldiers, and the quotation was 400,000 taels of silver for various ordnance barracks and 500,000 taels of silver for food.

After training 20,000 soldiers, he dared to ask the imperial court for 900,000 taels of silver, which made the later Jiliao supervisors feel that the Liao salary was too little.

The reason for such a high price is "to manufacture extremely fine equipment, and one person eats the salary of several people", and then the Western French Party finally began to train troops in Shandong during the Chongzhen period, and these soldiers who trained finally rebelled for a chicken and voted for the Eight Banners.

I really don't know how an elite soldier who eats several people's wages can be so hungry as to grab a chicken.

At the beginning of Chongzhen, the soldiers of the Beijing camp were paid a monthly salary of 124 plus 1 hue of rice, and they had no combat effectiveness at all, and they ate 978,000 stone of grain a year, but only selected less than 10,000 soldiers.

Guan Ningjun's monthly salary is 1.4 taels plus one hum of rice.

Southern soldiers 1.7 taels.

Dongjiang's monthly salary is 7 yuan plus 1 hum of rice.

Other nine-sided military towns range from 2 to 8 yuan, such as Jizhen has 4.5 yuan and 7.5 yuan.

It's all soldiers, why is there such a big gap?

Yongping City originally had 1,000 pacesetters, more than 2,000 soldiers, and 3,000 Zhongwu battalions were added after the rise of Liao.

However, Chongzhen started to eliminate the troops, and the strength of the battalion was reduced by 23 all of a sudden, and the number of drill troops was reduced by six or seven ten.

The change was easily defeated by the Qing army.

Jizhen guards the rocket with Taiwan, Qi Jiguang needs 5 cents of silver to manufacture qualified products, and the inventory is eliminated every year.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen became 8 centimeters, and in fact, only 4 centimeters of silver were given to the craftsman, and he never replaced, and I don't know who the other 4 centimeters went to.

In the 19th year of Wanli, 80,000 troops in Datong Town guarded 600 miles, and Chongzhen fought only more than 10,000 people, raising horses only in spring and autumn to give some beans and grass, and grazing in summer and autumn to raise it.

"Liao's difficulty is not without soldiers, and there are a number of generals' families" A family in western Liaoning ate the salaries of five or six soldiers, and half of the salaries of his family went into the generals' pockets.

said earlier that Guan Ning's monthly salary was 1.4 taels, but in fact, most of the grams were deducted from the family, and then only 4 yuan was actually given to ordinary soldiers.

The ancestral family has more than one family, and Wu Xiang raises 3,000 Yi ding.

At the beginning of the Liao Incident, the soldiers of the three provinces of Sichuan, Hugui and Guizhou were transferred, and in order to make up the number, the Ministry of War recruited the ownerless Miao people to gather these reinforcements.

However, there are many feuds between the Miao people here, "people who kill with feuds enter together".

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were many examples of the Ming army defeating the Qing army in field battles.

For example, on the day when "the slave chieftain conquered Qinghe", He Shixian, a staff general who rushed to the aid of Qinghe, "galloped from Sanyang to meet a thief and beheaded 151 of them", and "the slave chief captured Tieling", and the general soldiers Li Ruzhen and He Shixian "heard that the aid was compared to Tieling, and he had lost the slave laziness and beheaded 176 captives".

It's not that it can't be fought, but without exception, it's all skirmishes.

In other words, as long as the Ming Dynasty puts up a position and gathers thousands of people to fight, it will definitely be defeated.

This kind of strange thing shows that the organization of the Ming army has weakened to an outrageous point, and that the Ming army is almost unsure of how to command a large battle of 80,000 people.

From strategy to logistics, to the control and scheduling of the entire campaign, it is all a piece of paste.

Only when a thousand people were not even a small-scale battle, but could only be called a "battle", could the Ming army win.

There is a saying in Huaguo that "there are more people and more chaos, and there are more dragons and droughts", and this strange thing happened in the Ming army in the end.

The so-called country with a population of more than 100 million and 1 million soldiers and horses does not have the slightest war potential if it does not have this kind of dispatch capability.

Just like the Liao affairs in history, add oil tactics, bury 100,000 in, fill 100,000 new ones, bury them again, and fill them again.

Does all this mean that the army can't fight? Not necessarily.

However, the Ming army had no reliable command system and organizational ability, and the ability to "run 100,000 soldiers rampant in the desert" disappeared.

In this case, "although it is closed, Yue is tied".

The war was developed by the Ming Dynasty when the war tended to be small-scale.

The last time the Ming Dynasty gathered tens of thousands of elite soldiers and horses to start, almost during the Chenghua period to fight Jianzhou, since then although the north, Liangguang is also used for many years, but they are small-scale conflicts, to deal with the inland rebellion such as Liu Liu, Liu Qi and others, there is no need to gather hundreds of thousands of elite troops.

Because of the increase in numbers, it is a very big test for the generals' logistics and command coordination ability, and the reality is that the Ming army does not need to dispatch more than 100,000 troops at a time, or even 50,000 people, a thousand people are enough, so the Ming generals are naturally better at fighting with the elite of a thousand people.

Because the difficulty of command and dispatch is low, and the expected purpose can be achieved.

At the same time, as the main source of soldiers of the Ming army, the local guard posts gradually appeared "class solidification". Guangxi

The general army of each military town is basically the Jiangmen family of the military towns on the nine sides to change the guard back and forth, which leads to the general's gradual dependence on the old department of his family.

After all, it is more reassuring for acquaintances to use this matter of war.

Reflected in reality, at the command level, the Ming army began to appear the phenomenon of "generals", with father and son inheriting and brothers helping each other; At the operational level, as the absolute main force, the status of the family is becoming more and more important.

And these two made the Ming army more introverted and niche, and it was impossible for thousands of people to gather the doors.

Probably from the middle of the Jiajing period, this kind of thing became more and more common, and more than fifty years later, in the Wanli period, we found that the Ming Dynasty seemed to suddenly appear a wave of "famous generals", or family nature.

The so-called Ximadong Li also began to become famous at this time, and the Yulin You family, Yulin Wang family, Yan'an Du family, Datong Wang family, Xuanfu Ma family, Xining Chai family also gradually rose, and at the end of the Wanli period began to the Southern Ming Dynasty, interweaving a network of military circles, almost monopolizing the military generals of the Ming Dynasty.

This can hardly be said to be a good thing, the sons inherit the father's business between the families, the brothers rely on each other to support each other, and even the family members are hereditary from father to son, and it is a group of people who are self-congratulatory within the system.

The sedan chair is carried by everyone, and the people of your Xining Chai family have come to my Yulin as the deputy commander-in-chief, so we can talk about it and discuss, because my Yulin You family also has a nephew who is a general in Xining, and everyone looks down and doesn't look up.

As for diving into the study and study of how to "run 100,000 soldiers rampant in the desert", the first is not needed, the second is nowhere to be used, and the third is that others will not let them be used.

In the cycle, the small-scale Ming army can fight, and the large-scale Ming army is the scum of the strange thing, which came into being.

When facing the Eight Banners, an emerging military group with a high degree of organization, several grades, the generals of the Ming army felt what it meant to be powerless.

Therefore, Wei Bao also has his own ideas about how to manage and divide the Ming army after defeating Yizhou.

The generals of the Ming army are all refined, no matter what position you have, the general soldier, the deputy general, and the staff general, all of them are under unified management of 1,000 people, and each person manages 1,000 people.

There are no more than 30 generals in the eastern border army of the Ming Dynasty, so it is easier to command, and there is no need for anyone to do who behind the scenes, for example, 10,000 people guarding Yizhou, that is, ten generals with ten 1,000 troops to assist in unified defense.

If it is well guarded, everyone will have land and food, and if it is not guarded, everyone will be punished.

Although it is a bit unfair to high-ranking generals, there is no way.

In fact, Wei Bao didn't want to think much about this problem, after all, he didn't want to directly meddle in the affairs of the Ming Court, and he didn't want to directly meddle in the Jiliao Border Army, Wei Bao knew that no matter how good he thought, it would be futile in the face of top-down corruption.

When Fan Wencheng had not yet returned to the Jiannu camp, Wei Bao ordered the new president's guard, which was still the training team composed of 500 non-commissioned officers of the training team, to attack the Jiannu camp.

On the evening of the fourteenth day of the sixth month of the Great Tomorrow Apocalypse, this attack was very sudden, both for the Baojun and for Jiannu, and neither side thought of it.

This was almost a decision made by President Wei in a whim.

The main cavalry of the Jiannu army was stationed in the large camp, and the infantry team transporting heavy siege weapons was also among them, with a total of more than 53,000 troops.

The Jiannu camp covers a wide area, and the eight-color banner almost completely covers the ice and snow on the west side of Ningyuan City.

It was also Nurhachi who was too arrogant, and set up the camp between Ningyuan City and Gaotai Fort, and was also ready to use the usual tactics of encirclement and reinforcement to see if he could wait for the rabbit and defeat the army that came to support Ningyuan City.

Nurhachi did not think at all that the treasure army would dare to take the initiative to attack his own battalion.

In the past, the Bao army would also attack the Eight Banners, generally relying on the river and carrying out small-scale attacks with the cooperation of the Bao Army's water division.

Or hide in which forest, or in which ravine, and fight an ambush battle.

Strictly speaking, the Bao army did not engage in large-scale battles with Jiannu in the wilderness.

The cowhide tents of Jiannu are like graves, undulating and endless.

At this time, the sky was already dark, and the continuous campfires were like an ocean, even if they stood on the wall of Ningyuan City a few miles away, they could see it clearly.

The churning firelight reflected the night sky on the west side of Ningyuan City red.

At this time, the snow is falling, and the fiery red fire and the white snow in the sky contrast with each other.

Nurhachi, who had not slept well for several days, looked very haggard, with white hair and white beard, and seemed to have aged much at once.

"Hasn't Fan Wencheng come back yet?" Nurhachi asked.

"Amma, don't worry, it should be soon." Huang Taiji said in a low voice.

"What am I anxious about!" Nurhachi said angrily.

During this time, Nurhachi was particularly irritable.

People are always so impulsive and irritable when they are weak, helpless, and worried about their future.

Huang Taiji didn't feel that he had said the wrong thing, and estimated that no matter what he said, his father Khan would be angry at him, and he would not speak.

It was at this time that the outpost of the camp of Jiannu issued a clarion call for early warning.

The long horn and the whining sound sounded like crying.

Nurhachi was shocked: "What's the matter! What's going on? ”

Nurha asked barefoot and ran out of the tent.

"Father Khan, Father Khan!" Huang Taiji hurriedly chased out with Nurhachi's boots.

Because it was warm inside the tent and Nurhachi was preparing to rest, he wore very little.

The cold wind outside blew Nurhachi's hair very messy, and Nurhachi suddenly felt very cold because he wore less, but his heart was even colder.

Nurhachi's feet stepped on the snow and asked loudly, "What the hell is going on!?" Why blow the trumpet? ”

"Great Khan, it is the treasure army that has attacked, and it is marching towards our camp!" A general replied loudly.

Jiannu's early warning system is still okay, at this time it was already dark, and the treasure army went out of the city and did not light the torches, but it was quickly discovered by Jiannu.

The Bao army not only had a teaching team of 500 people, but also dispatched an artillery company, that is, the four infantry guns that Wei Bao asked him to bring when he left the customs.

One platoon was responsible for one gun, for a total of four platoons.

The officers and men of the Baojun training team arranged a linear formation at the front, which is the pattern of queue shooting that will be popular in Europe in the near future.

"You can't dig trenches in the ice and snow, you can't arrange positions, you can only arrange them like this." The commander of the teaching team was a regimental commander, who was actually an officer at the rank of brigade commander.

President Wei did not say how to fight because it was a temporary attack order.

It was too late for Madman Tan to make temporary arrangements, so he just issued President Wei's order.