Because Yang Lian and others made a lot of effort to help Xizong ascend the throne, Xizong also trusted these Donglin Party members very much and obeyed their words.

It's a pity that the Donglin Party is less good and more rotten, and the essence is a big landlord group, and it is not good for the imperial power for these people to rise up.

In addition, Wei Zhongxian and Lord Wei, who suddenly appeared, are both powerful characters.

Therefore, at present, the Apocalypse Dynasty is quite peaceful, and the eunuch party is also in accordance with normal history, and the family is dominant.

A few days later, the various tribes of Nekharkha suddenly began to run in the direction of Xifengkou and Gubeikou.

Although Jiannu had vaguely gotten some news before, he didn't take it too seriously, and now tens of thousands of people from the Nekharkha tribe suddenly migrated on a large scale, which confirmed that they had reached an agreement with the treasure army.

The most angry person was not Jiannu, but Zaisangbu He of Korqin, "This old guy Zhuoliktu is too cunning! Privately reached an agreement with Wei Bao and dumped us! Or was I the first to tell him to contact Wei Bao, it's too cunning! ”

"Father, maybe that old guy has been pretending to be stupid, maybe he has been in contact with Wei Bao for a long time! Now we are very passive, if Nekhalkha takes refuge in Wei Bao, how can our Horqin family supply the huge amount of food for the Jin army. ”

At this time, Zai Sambu and the ball seemed to be deflated, feeling very annoyed and regretful.

In fact, he could have defected to the Treasure Army one step ahead of Zoriktu, because the Treasure Army had contact not only with Nekharkha, but also with them, and it was he who had been wavering and missing the opportunity.

Zhuo Liktu is mainly because his sister and daughter are on Jiannu's side, and he feels that his relationship with Jiannu is closer, and he doesn't know Wei Bao well.

Coupled with the confusion of the war in Liaodong, although Jiannu suffered losses one after another, the Bao army did not seem to have much to do with Jiannu.

And Jiannu's methods against Mongolia must have been more than that of the Bao army, and the number of cavalry of the Bao army was too small to pose any threat to the steppe.

In addition, Zaisangbu and he had never thought of moving all the tribes to Guannai, and he had never thought of it that way.

Under the two or three hundred years of the Ming Dynasty's blows and divisions, the Mongols were no longer the Mongols that dominated the world during the Genghis Khan period, and they could not even pose a threat to the weak Ming Dynasty in the 17th century.

Mongolia at the end of the Ming Dynasty was divided, and the strongest Lin Dan Khan in Monan was known as the Great Khan of Mongolia, but it was only recognized in Monan, and there were also Korqin, Nekhalkha, Tumut, and Ordos tribes in their own affairs.

The Mongol Great Khan could only control the Chahar tribe of Liaohetao, which was divided into eight Etoks, namely Haoqit, Naiman, Keshiketeng, Uzhumuqin, Sunit, Aohan, Alakzhuot and Zhuxiti, and was only regarded as the nominal co-lord by the Monan tribes.

Mobei and Moxi didn't recognize him.

The strongest Lin Dan Khan was only twenty or thirty thousand cavalry, and first of all, he had a great disadvantage in terms of strength.

Moreover, under the economic blow of the Ming Dynasty, the equipment was backward, and it was far less than the Houjin that could continue to obtain supplies from the Ming Dynasty.

Historically, Lin Dan Khan has been beaten by Houjin, and finally was beaten to escape from Mo Nan and died of grievance.

After his son Ezhe surrendered the following year, the Mongol Empire was also robbed by the Later Jin.

Huang Taiji flexibly used the method of "razing to control razing", won over some Mongolian tribes, gave full play to the advantages of the "Eight Banners System", and slowly controlled Mongolia.

In terms of economic structure, most of the Mongolian tribes in Mobei were still nomadic, and the Jianzhou Jurchens and Haixi Jurchens at that time were no longer pure fishing and hunting peoples as the subject thought, but half-farmers and half-hunting people who could live in walled cities.

This is related to the geographical environment in which the two are located, the northeast has been cultivated for farming very early, and the Mongolian plateau is only suitable for large-scale cultivation in the south of the desert, and the economic base determines the superstructure.

Even if the various tribes of the Mongolian Plateau at that time were not divided, they would not be able to gather an "army of hundreds of thousands".

Even the era of Genghis Khan was the most prosperous era on the Mongolian Plateau, with only 50,000 or 60,000 registered households.

The Mongols made four expeditions to the west, each time with tens of thousands of troops.

In terms of organizational structure, there are two kinds of political power established around the ancient Central Plains: one is a tribal aggregate composed of multiple nomadic tribes as the dominant tribe with the inner surname as the dominant tribe and the outer surname tribe as the servant.

It is generally customary to call it a "nomadic khanate".

Their chieftain, generally called "Khan" or "Shan Yu", is directly elected by the chiefs of the inner tribes, and is a military democracy.

However, in practice, it is often unruly to become hereditary.

And this can easily lead to internal friction caused by inheritance issues, such as the "rebellion of the younger brothers".

When the strength of the inner tribe in the grassland declines in internal friction, the newly rising strong tribe will take its place as the new grassland overlord and establish its own inner surname tribal group to dominate the grassland again.

Such purely nomadic regimes such as: Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Turkic, Tuyuhun, Xue Yantuo, Hui, Hui, Huangjiasi, and even the Northern Yuan in the early Ming Dynasty were nomadic khanates with the Yuan Dynasty system in an empty shell.

They have a common feature that the "balloon" seems to be very strong and big, but in fact it bursts as soon as it is punctured.

The domination of the steppe by the inner tribe relied on prestige, and this prestige was based on the strength and influence of the inner tribe.

Therefore, as long as you stare at the decisive battle of the inner tribe, consume its vital power or extinguish its prestige, the grassland will naturally "change the dynasty".

The Han Dynasty stared at the decisive battle of the Xiongnu, hating to attack in multiple ways like a shotgun, and would rather a bunch of people get lost in the vast grassland and Gobi to return in vain, as long as they find the core tribe of the Xiongnu all the way and force it to fight a decisive battle, they can beat the Xiongnu to collapse.

The Tang Dynasty also stared at the decisive battle of the Eastern Turks, and then beat the Turks to the point of losing ground and retreating in Monan, and Xue Yantuo took the opportunity to rise and occupy Mobei.

Then the decisive battle severely weakened Xue Yantuo's power, and Hui Khan Tudu Mi took the opportunity to surrender to the Tang Dynasty and joined forces to destroy Xue Yantuo, and then asked the Tang Dynasty to govern Mobei, which was all protected in Yanran.

Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty made five expeditions to Mobei, and chased the Taishi Alutai three times to fight, and probably killed and injured thousands of people in total.

However, Arutai's prestige in the steppe was so beaten that it quickly declined.

Soon, the detachment of the Warat tribe became the macho man of the grassland, defeated the Arutai forces, and the Warat temporarily unified the grassland.

And his son is the little fan brother of Ming Yingzong "Ye Xian".

The other regime is more terrifying, and its system is basically copied from the Central Plains Dynasty.

In the territory of the Han people's farming, the Central Plains Dynasty ruled in the local area to set up prefecture and county governors, festival envoys, put an end to bandits, persuade farmers and mulberries, and set up schools.

However, in the nomadic areas of the grasslands, the households are organized and the people are organized and the pastoral areas of each ministry are rationally allocated according to the hierarchical division of labor.

Their rulers are generally called emperors or kings, and they all have a hereditary succession system.

Compared with the former nomadic khanate, this kind of regime has a more stable organizational structure, stronger national cohesion, and is less prone to internal contradictions.

Even if it is beaten by a foreign tribe to the death of the country, it may still have a second spring, such as the Liao Dynasty and the Western Liao, which are easy to resurrect and have a strong ability to resist blows.

Other such regimes included the Goguryeo, Jin, Liao, Tangut, Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Great Mongol State under Genghis Khan, and the Later Jin.

It is absolutely impossible for such a regime to be defeated by a few decisive battles, but on the contrary, it will continue to grow and absorb the essence of various civilizations in the ascending period, and achieve the trend of great unification.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Ming government, it dealt a heavy blow to the Mongolian steppe regime.

In the twenty-eighth year of Zheng, in July 1368, the Ming general Xu Da and others led the army to capture Dadu, and Huizong rushed north to the capital.

In the twenty-ninth year of Zheng, in 1369, Chang Yuchun and Li Wenzhong captured Shangdu, and Huizong went north to Yingchang.

Li Wenzhong, the deputy general of the left, led the east road out of Yongguan, and went straight to Yingchang, and many people such as Huizong's grandson and concubines, kings, and officials were captured and sent to Beijing.

When Yuan Huizong has died, the prince only defeated Helin with dozens of horses, and the emperor is on the throne in Helin, the year name is Xuanguang, and the next year is the first year of Xuanguang.

In the first year of Xuanguang, in 1371, the Ming army of 150,000 soldiers divided into three routes and attacked Mobei.

The middle and east roads were defeated by the Northern Yuan, and the battle fell into a stalemate after that.

In the eighth year of Xuanguang, in 1378, the Northern Yuan Khan died, and the temple name was Zhaozong. His son succeeded him as emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, called Usahar Khan, and the era name was Tianyuan.

In the tenth year of Tianyuan, in March 1388, Lan Yu led 150,000 troops to the north.

In April, he went to the fishing sea and attacked the Northern Yuan Khan tent.

The Northern Yuan Dynasty was defeated, and Usahar Khan fled to the direction of Helin with dozens of people, including the crown prince Tianbaonu, the prefect and the prime minister, and the prime minister, and traveled to the area of the Tula River, where he was hanged by his general.

Pinch cowardly, lose the martyrdom to the south, and surrender to the Ming Dynasty.

After this battle, Usahar Khan's second son, Di Baonu, 123 concubines and princesses, more than 3,000 officials, and a population of more than 77,000, were captured by the Ming army.

At this point, the rule of the Golden Family over the Mongolian Plateau has come to an end for the time being, and the Ming Dynasty has successfully realized the decentralization of the steppe.

But at the same time, the Ming Dynasty was caught in the same dilemma as its predecessor, the Central Plains Dynasty, how to establish effective rule in the already fragmented grasslands.

This is a problem that the Central Plains Dynasty has to face, and it is also a problem that Wei Bao has to face.

First of all, you must not leave it alone. In the Inner Asian context, the power vacuum in the pastoral area does not last long, and new centers of power will always emerge spontaneously, as has been reflected in previous generations.

For example, the Han Dynasty destroyed the Huns, and Xianbei Xing; When the Tang Dynasty fell to the Turks, the Uighurs rose.

Even if a nomadic regime can be eliminated, it is likely that a new adversary will emerge within a decade.

Second, the Ming were unable to exercise direct rule over pastoral areas. At the heart of direct rule was the control of population and land, and in pastoral areas, this was beyond the circle of competence of the Ming government.

In agricultural areas, as long as cities are established on major transportation routes, households are organized to gather the people, and cultivated land is counted, a system of taxation and regimental training at the grassroots level can be established.

But in pastoral areas, tribes move from water to grass, and even if they can be confined for a while, people can flee, and pastures are everywhere anyway.

Finally, the Ming Dynasty tried to adopt a strategy of indirect rule.

Build the Great Wall and defend the nine sides.

The purpose of the Great Wall is twofold, one is military defense, and the other is trade control.

Allow regular exchanges between clans that are vassals and blockade trade with rival tribes.

This was quite successful, and many tribes formally submitted to the Ming Dynasty in order to obtain trade rights, and achieved peaceful coexistence.

The king is widely sealed, and the public builds to divide its potential. Efforts should be made to avoid the emergence of a unified power center in the grasslands, and strive to form a polycentric balance of power system in pastoral areas.

This strategy of the Ming Dynasty was actually a mixed success.

The Ming Dynasty was indeed able to achieve peace on the borders with Mongolia, Tatars, and Warat most of the time through trade control.

On the other hand, to Dayan Khan, in fact, is the meaning of the Great Yuan Khan.

In 1506, after the unification of southern Mongolia and Tatar, the Mongolian plateau re-formed a unified center of power.

By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongol Khanate rebuilt by Dayan Khan was passed down to Lin Dan Khan.

Lin Dan Khan directly governed the Chahar Department, and was the chief Khan of the entire Eastern Mongolia and Tatars.

After the rise of the Later Jin, it conquered Mongolia, except for the Oirats, which were also known as Warat.

In the forty-fourth year of Wanli, in 1616, Nurhachi unified the Jurchen tribes and established the Later Jin.

Lin Dan Khan allied with the Ming Dynasty and joined forces to contain the Later Jin.

In the fourth year of the Mandate of Heaven, in 1619, Houjin defeated the Khalkha Mongol army at the Liao River and captured many leaders of Khalkha and Zalut.

In the sixth year of the Mandate of Heaven, in 1621, the Later Jin conquered Shenyang, where the Ming army was stationed, and then attacked Liaoyang.

The Khalkha Ministry took the opportunity to attack Shenyang, but was defeated by Houjin.

Soon, 600 families from the Khalkha tribe, including Taiji Gurbush and Manggul, defected to Houjin, and Nurhachi married his daughter to Gurbush.

After that, some of the Khalkha and Zalut Taiji, who were dissatisfied with Lin Dan Khan, took refuge in Nurhachi.

In the ninth year of the Mandate of Heaven, in 1624, Oba, the leader of the Horqin tribe, declared himself a vassal to Nurhachi and first attached himself to Houjin.

In the following year, Lin Dan Khan sent troops to attack the Korqin Department, and Nurha Chi ordered Mang Gurtai and Huang Taiji to come to the rescue, and Lin Dan Khan was forced to retreat.

In the eleventh year of the Mandate of Heaven, in 1626, Hou Jin conquered the Bahrain Department and the Zalut Department, plundered their population and livestock.

In the first year of Tiancong, in 1627, the two departments of Zhuman and Ao Han were attached to Houjin.

In the following year, the Karaqin Department was annexed, and Huang Taiji sent troops to conquer Har.

After that, the Zarut Ministry was annexed to Houjin.

In the fourth year of Tiancong, in 1630, the Sizi tribe and the Alu Horqin tribe were attached.

In the sixth year of Tiancong, in 1632, the Weng Niu Special Department was attached.

In April, Huang Taiji made another expedition to Har, and ordered the Karaqin, Zalut, Aohan, Zheman, Wengniut, Bahrain, Horqin and other departments to come to join the division.

However, most of the Mongol tribes were reluctant to engage Chahar at war.

In May, the Later Jin marched to the city of Guihua, and Lin Dan Khan crossed the Yellow River south and fled to Ordos.

Houjin captured thousands of Chahars. In the following year, the Maoming An Department and the Urat Department were annexed.

In the eighth year of Tiancong, in 1634, Lin Dan Khan died of illness in Dacaotan, and the Chahar and Keshiketeng tribes surrendered one after another.

The following year, in April 1635, Ezhe, the son of Lin Dan Khan, surrendered and dedicated the national seal of the Yuan Dynasty to "make the treasure", and the Chahar Department perished.

The Ordos Department and the naturalized city of Tumut surrendered together.

In the tenth year of Tiancong, in April 1636, Taiji, the prince of the Mongol tribes in southern Mongolia, came to Shengjing for the pilgrimage, and served Huang Taiji as the Great Khan of Mongolia.

Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to the Great Qing Dynasty. It is similar to the Tang Emperor's self-proclaimed Heavenly Khan in the steppe region.

While the Qing lord was proclaimed emperor in the Han land, he also claimed to have inherited the Mongolian throne and was endorsed by the Mongol tribes.

However, Li Tang simply canonized the official position of tribal leader in the grassland area, named the tribe as a state, and finally imposed diplomatic checks and balances to avoid dominance.

Its effect was even inferior to the economic balance of the Ming Dynasty, the Turks, Xue Yantuo, Uighurs, Hujias, and Khitan tribes competed to rise, and the Tang won tactical victories again and again in Mobei, but always in exchange for a new master of the steppe.

The Qing Dynasty took a different approach and built a set of local administrative systems for pastoral areas, the alliance flag system, which organized the nomadic tribes into households and imprisoned them in their own small plots of land.

In essence, it is to institutionalize the governance principle of the previous generation.

The Qing court adopted the strategy of direct rule, called the Great Khan of the Mongols, claiming to have inherited the legal system of the Mongol Empire directly; Worship the Yellow Sect and encircle the religious forces of the various Mongolian tribes.

Cities and garrisons were built at strategic points, and generals were under their command.

The Mongolian grassroots adopted the alliance flag system, and the scattered tribes and the people were organized into households.

The alliance flag system is generally as follows: the attached Mongolian tribes are resettled according to the principle of the alliance flag, until all the Mongolian tribes are included in the alliance flag system.

Among them, the flag is the grass-roots administrative unit of the Qing court in Mongolia, and it is a hereditary territory given to the banner owner by the Qing emperor, that is, the Mongolian Great Khan.

The banner was woven into the collar, the subjects were settled, the land was distributed to the pastures, the boundaries of the flag were demarcated, and the flag was formed by appointing zazaks (consuls). The alliance is a coalition organization with a number of flags.

Each league has a head and deputy leader, and the Qing emperor sends someone to take the picture. The main task of the league leader is to act as the convener of the triennial alliance, perform the duties of beating, training troops, checking the money valley, hearing major criminal cases, and supervising the subordinate flags, but he does not have the right to send troops.

At the same time, the Qing Dynasty strictly restricted the nomadism, farming, exchange, and marriage of the people of each banner. Under the alliance flag system, the economic base of the Mongol tribes had essentially changed from nomadic to animal husbandry, and the close integration of population and land was realized, which was convenient for the Qing court to rule.

At this point, the old Mongolian land was divided into internal and external domains, with a total of 262 banners. Among them, the authority of the banner owners of the outer Mongolian domains has been similar to that of the southwestern Tusi, while the inner Mongolia has even realized the "transformation of the land and return to the stream", and the Qing Emperor directly dispatched the banner owners.

During the Qing dynasty, the pastoral areas could no longer spontaneously form new centers of power, or rather, the Qing court succeeded in establishing itself as the new core of the Mongolian plateau.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made a large-scale crusade against the Xiongnu, until the Xiongnu were divided, the Southern Xiongnu were attached, and then to the unification of the Xiongnu, the establishment of the traitor regime, and then the Xiongnu were divided again, and the Eastern Han expelled the Northern Xiongnu. The two Han Dynasty and the four hundred years have been less than 100 years in total. The Eastern Han Dynasty expelled the Northern Xiongnu, and the territory of the Northern Xiongnu was only occupied by Xianbei.

The harassment of the Xianbei, Southern Xiongnu, and Qiang people continued until the end of the Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the Abe Metropolitan Protectorate and the Wolf Mountain Metropolitan Protectorate not only granted the official positions of the chiefs of the Mobei Ministries were similar to those in the Ming Dynasty, but also maintained for no more than 30 years.

And the Tang Dynasty has ruled the north for nearly three hundred years, only one-tenth of the time, which is not considered successful.

Therefore, in Lord Wei's opinion, the most successful ruler of Mongolia is really Jiannu.

Jiannu is indeed very talented in many aspects of management, and they have their own advantages, because they themselves are rising from outside the border, and they know better how the Guanwai clans are managed and what they think.

Unlike the Han rulers, who thought well at first, it didn't take long for them to change or relax.