Jiang Zhongzheng sighed

August 20, 1945

Mao's second reply to Chiang Kai-shek

Chongqing

Chairman Chiang's Honor:

From the news telegram of the Central News Agency, Mr. De read the telegram, and hereby for the sake of unity, Comrade Zhou Enlai was specially sent to pay respects, hoping to contact him and make a sincere request.

Mao ** is not raised

August 22, 1945

Chiang Kai-shek's third telegram to Mao

Yan'an

Mr. Mao** Honors:

I was very pleased to send Mr. Zhou Enlai to Chongqing to negotiate. However, at present, all kinds of important issues are waiting to be discussed with Mr. Enlai, and the time is urgent, and I still hope that Mr. Enlai can come with him, so that the important issues can be quickly resolved, and the future of the country depends on it. We are now preparing the plane to meet the speed!

Jiang Zhongzheng stalk

August 23, 1945

Mao's third reply to Chiang Kai-shek

Express, Chongqing

Mao**'s third reply to Chiang Kai-shek on August 24

Mr. Chiang Kai-shek's Honor:

Terrier recitation. Very gracious. As soon as the plane arrived, Comrade Enlai immediately went to Chongqing to pay respects, and his brother was also ready to go to Chongqing immediately. There is a period of teaching, and I hereby reply.

Mao ** respect

August 24, 1945

On August 23, 1945, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting in Yan'an Zaoyuan. At the meeting, Mao called this kind of alliance a form of "dictatorship plus some democracy", saying: "We participate in such a ** to go in and 'wash his face' to Chiang Kai-shek, not to 'cut off his head'." This is the long-term and tortuous path of the Seventh National Congress; Taking this detour will enable our party to reach greater maturity in all aspects, make the Chinese people more conscious, and then build a new democratic China. ”

For security issues, Mao ** is prepared for the worst. Before leaving, he not only suggested that Liu Shaoqi should act as his own post, but also suggested that the Secretariat add Chen Yun and Peng Zhen as alternate secretaries, so that in the absence of Mao ** and Zhou Enlai, the Secretariat could still protect them

The meeting was held with 5 people.

At the Politburo meeting before going to Chongqing for negotiations, Mao ** said: "I am going to sit in the class room...... If it's house arrest, don't be afraid, I'm going to do something there. At present, the Soviet Red Army does not enter the customs and the US troops do not land, and in the form China solves the problem by itself, but in fact the three countries are interrogated, and the three countries do not want China to fight a civil war, and international pressure is not conducive to Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship. The Sino-Soviet treaty benefited the Chinese people, and the capture of the three eastern provinces by the Soviet Red Army had a great impact. Therefore, Chongqing is a place where you can go and must go. ”

On August 28, 1945, Mao ** led a delegation of the Communist Party of China from Yan'an to Chongqing. This news shocked the whole city of Chongqing, and Liu Yazi wrote a poem to praise Mao ** as "brave and brave". Talks between the KMT and the CCP began the morning of the next day.

On August 28, 1945, the day Mao ** arrived in Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek held a welcome banquet for him at the official residence of Lin Yuan in Chongqing's cave. During the banquet, Mao ** called Chiang Kai-shek "Chairman of the Committee", and Chiang Kai-shek called Mao ** "Runzhi". After the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek also invited Mao ** to stay in Lin Yuan. A pair of old rivals who have been competing for more than ten years reunited, and the atmosphere seemed to be quite harmonious.

For the arrival of Mao **, Chiang Kai-shek was still very proud in his heart. He wrote in his diary on August 30: "Mao ** Guo was summoned to Chongqing, although this is caused by virtue, but it is also given by God. The word "call" fully reveals Chiang Kai-shek's lofty mentality. He never looked at the CCP as an equal, and in his mind, the KMT and the CCP were more like a kind of monarch-subject relationship in the feudal era. In such a state of mind, negotiations are not destined to go well.

From the outset, the negotiations were at an impasse

On September 8, after several days of exchanging views, the Chinese side formally submitted 11 points to the Chinese side for negotiation. These include supporting the Three People's Principles, supporting Chairman Chiang's leadership, punishing traitors, stopping armed conflicts, and recognizing the legitimate status of all political parties. The essence of the negotiating points is the issue of the army and the regime in the liberated areas

On the issue of the liberated areas, the Communist Party proposed that the Communists should serve as the provincial chairmen of the liberated areas of the five provinces, including Shanxi and Shandong, the vice chairmen of the six provinces of Guangdong and Hubei, where the liberated areas are widely distributed, and the vice mayors of the four special cities of Beiping, Tianjin, Qingdao, and Shanghai. The Kuomintang, on the other hand, only allowed the Communist Party to participate**, and officials in the liberated areas needed the approval of the Kuomintang to remain in office. On the question of the army, the Communist Party proposed that the people's army be reorganized into 16 armies and 48 divisions; And the Kuomintang insisted that only a maximum of 12 divisions should be retained. The expectations of the two sides are very different.

After reading this plan from the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek said to the representatives of the state, Wang Shijie and Zhang Zhizhong: "The plan put forward by the representatives of the Communist Party yesterday is really worthless. In his view, only the two articles "practicing the Three People's Principles" and "supporting Chairman Chiang's leading position" are sincere, and the other articles "completely contradict this in content and spirit."

The Chinese Communists made considerable concessions in preparing for this peace talks. On September 4, 1945, the "record of the first conversation" between the two sides recorded such a passage, Zhou Enlai said to the national representative Shao Lizi: "I think that the joint ** can not be achieved, so this time it is not proposed, but only ask all parties to participate in the ** ......"

In November 1944, Hurley, who was then the personal representative of the President of the United States, volunteered to go to Yan'an to mediate the conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

During the negotiations with Hurley, the CCP leaders put forward a draft five-point agreement, the core of which was to reorganize the national ** into a coalition** including all political parties, and proposed that all parties enjoy equal status. Hurley felt that the Communists' proposal was fair and that there was nothing unreasonable, so he readily agreed. But when Hurley took the agreement and returned to Chongqing in a hurry, he was poured a basin of cold water on Chiang Kai-shek's head. Chiang Kai-shek made it clear that the Kuomintang could never be compared with the Communist Party, and that the alliance was even more imaginary, and that accepting this agreement would mean the complete defeat of the Kuomintang and would inevitably lead to the control of the CCP. In Chiang Kai-shek's mind, there was no concept of "multi-party" at all, let alone the recognition of unity, and the maximum he could accept was that the Communists would come to the people to "be officials".

Hurley, who was originally Chiang Kai-shek's lobbyist, saw that his agreement with the CCP was so strongly resisted, and immediately turned his face and soon sent the CCP a three-point agreement that ran counter to the five-point agreement. From this repetition, the Communist Party also understood that trying to get Chiang Kai-shek to accept the plan of joint ** was tantamount to seeking the skin of the tiger.

In order to express its sincerity, before the Chongqing talks, the CCP deliberately omitted the mention of "joint **" in the plan, and only proposed "participation**". This is undoubtedly an acknowledgment of the dominant position of the Kuomintang in the **. But even so, Chiang Kai-shek thought the CCP was asking too much

Although the negotiations between the representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were difficult, Mao's social activities outside the negotiation table were unusually rich. During his 43 days in Chongqing, he met with democrats, participated in international activities, and was interviewed by reporters from various countries, showing the wisdom and bearing of a statesman everywhere, and swept away the "**" image of the Kuomintang propaganda with fangs on the face of the young people.

On the afternoon of August 30, Mao ** visited Zhang Lan of the Democratic League. Zhang Lan's secretary, Lu Guangguang, recalled that next to Zhang Lan's house lived Dai Li, the head of the military command's secret service, and for the sake of safety, Zhou Enlai specially instructed him not to meet in the living room, but to meet in Zhang Lan's bedroom.

Lu Guangguang remembered that as soon as the guest and host sat down, Zhang Lan said to Mao ** uneasily: "This is obviously a fake show performed by Chiang Kai-shek!" If the Kuomintang and the Communist Party want to negotiate, you can just send Mr. Enlai and Mr. Ruofei to negotiate as you did in the past. Why bother with Mr. Runzhi's big ride...... Chiang Kai-shek is playing the Hongmen banquet, where can he take care of a little faith! A few years ago, I told him: 'Only by practicing democracy can China have hope.' He even threatened me and said, 'Only the Communist Party can talk about democracy.' Now that the situation at home and abroad has changed, he has also shouted 'democracy' and 'democracy'! ”

After listening to Zhang Lan's words, Mao ** said humorously: "Democracy has also become Chiang Kai-shek's fashionable goods!" If he wants to play a fake drama of democracy, we will come to him to perform a fake play, so that the people of the whole country can be the audience, see the truth from the false, and distinguish right from wrong, and this scene will be of great value! ”

Subsequently, Mao ** introduced several propositions put forward by the CCP in this peace talks to Zhang Lan, and Zhang Lan said repeatedly: "Very fair, very fair!" If Chiang Kai-shek's conscience is still intact, he should adopt it. It seems that this scene is interesting. ”

In Chongqing, Mao not only had a good time with democrats from all walks of life, but also took the initiative to contact the bigwigs of various factions in the Kuomintang. Wang Bingnan, Mao's secretary at the time, remembered that everyone was surprised at first: "** experts like Chen Lifu and Dai Jitao, we usually regard them as rivals, and we are divided with each other, what is there to see?" ”

Mao ** enlightened everyone: "These people are **." But didn't I come to Chongqing to negotiate with the ** leader Chiang Kai-shek? The Kuomintang is now in power with the right, and to solve the problem, it is not enough to find the left, they are in favor of cooperating with us, but they are not in power. To solve the problem, we must also look for the rightists, and we must not give up contacts with the rightists. ”

Wang Bingnan remembered that as soon as he met Chen Lifu, Mao ** mentioned the past when the Kuomintang treacherously slaughtered the Communists. Mao ** said: "We went up the mountain to fight guerrillas, but the Kuomintang forced the Communist Party to force it out, and it was forced to go to Liangshan. Just like Sun Wukong made trouble in the Heavenly Palace, the Jade Emperor named him Bi Ma Wen, Sun Wukong was not convinced, and he identified him as the Monkey King. However, you didn't even give us a shot, so we had to carry our guns up the mountain. Mao's talk and laughter contained a sharp edge, which made Chen Lifu extremely embarrassed, and he repeatedly said that he would "work hard" for this KMT-CCP peace talks.