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Autumn Warring States, "Warring States" is easy to understand, why was it called "Autumn" in the previous years?

The "Autumn Warring States Period" is an important era in the history of our country, and it can even be said that that era laid the foundation for the entire feudal period in our country.

The second half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty "Warring States Period" is easy to understand, the seven powers occupied the stage at that time in the mode of war, but why is the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty called "Autumn"?

The use of "autumn" to express this era originated from a meaning represented by the word "autumn".

"Writing history" was a special focus of various countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, but there were small differences in the specific implementation details.

The name of the Lu State is slightly different from that of other vassal states, and it is recorded according to summer, autumn and winter.

Therefore, the words that often appear in the history books of the Lu State are:

In such and such a year, Qi Guo came to beat me.

In the autumn of a certain year, King Qi died.

In the winter of a certain year, King of Qi succeeded to the throne.

This is because, due to the influence of the seasons, in ancient societies, the sky and autumn were the most trouble-prone seasons, and the conquests before the kingdom were carried out in the autumn.

Attacking the enemy country in the sky can interfere with the process of sowing grain in the enemy country, so the country that has already stocked up on the grain usually starts a war against the enemy in the sky.

So what about countries with little food, autumn is the season to grab food, so autumn beats people.

As for summer and winter, one is too cold and the other is too cold, and both sides suffer, and unless there are special circumstances, both families are tacitly aware that they rarely use troops.

In addition to war, all important ceremonies, such as sacrifices, the succession of new kings, alliances between the kingdom and the parliament, negotiations, etc., are chosen in the autumn and autumn seasons.

Because "the autumn is taught with "rites" and "music", and the winter and summer are taught with "poems" and "books". ”

Rites and music need large outdoor places, and big days and cold days are naturally not suitable, so in winter and summer, they all stay at home to study, and in autumn they have to practice rituals and music, and sacrifices and succession are all extensions of ritual and music, which naturally occur in autumn.

Therefore, if you read ancient history books, you will find that no matter which country, there are few major events in summer and winter.

This situation highlights the importance of "" and "autumn", so the historian of Lu State used "Autumn" to name his national history books.

But this is not the main reason why "autumn" has become a special name in the first half of the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the main reason is one person.

This man is Confucius.

Confucius was a native of Lu, so he naturally cared about the history of his country, so he rearranged the history of Lu.

An "Autumn V2.0" was published, and this autumn subsequently became one of the Confucian scriptures.

Confucius, as a Confucian sage, was the "god" of all literati in later generations, and naming historical eras happened to be the task of literati.

One of the literati found that the time period recorded in "Autumn" was "from the first year of Lu Yin to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong", which happened to coincide with the time period of "King Ping's eastward migration" and "Three Families Divided into Jin".

As soon as the literati's eyes lit up, he named this era "Qiu", and this naming rule quickly spread among the literati's circle of friends and was recognized by other literati, and the classic name of "Autumn Warring States", which expresses the era, has been handed down.

Gu Youyun: "Accumulation of gold to leave children and grandchildren, children and grandchildren may not be able to keep it", the so-called things must be reversed, here is said to be rich but three generations, used in the Autumn Warring States Era, throughout the Autumn Warring States Period, the so-called overlord of the country, often strong but three generations.

Throughout the Autumn Warring States Period, from the Emperor of Heaven to the princes and countries, it is difficult to cross the hurdle of "no stronger than three generations". King Wu of Zhou, who changed the world and changed the earth, established the Kingdom of Zhou, three generations and then King Kang of Zhou, although there is the rule of Chengkang in the history books, but in fact it is the Duke of Zhou, Zhao Gong and others who hold the power in the court. Zhou Tianzi's expedition in all directions, the consumption was large, in fact, there was already a decline, and when he was the king of Zhou Zhao, there was even the tragedy of defeat in the Chu State. The princes and countries, how difficult it is to start a business, and the education of children and grandchildren is more neglectful, and after the second generation, most of them are the masters of keeping or enjoying themselves, and it seems that "it is not stronger than three generations" has become an iron law that cannot be changed. It's not easy to start a business, and it's even harder to keep a business!

Mencius also said something similar, the Ze of the gentleman, the fifth and beheaded. In other words, it is not stronger than three generations, which can be said to abound in the Autumn and Warring States periods. The princes of Qi Huan Jiuhe, respect the king, "Historical Records" contains: "Guan Zhong died, and Huan Gong did not need to manage Zhongyan, he died with three sons, and the three sons were autocratic." "Duke Qi Huan can be said to have declined in one life, and in his later years, he was mediocre and indulgent, which led to the national politics being controlled by Yi Ya and Erection, his son competing for the throne, and the hegemony of Qi declined, and it was difficult to prosper.

"Autumn" recorded: "In May, the Guild Marquis of Jin, Marquis of Qi, Duke of Song, Marquis Cai, Bo Zheng, Weizi, and Juzi allied themselves in the practice of soil. "Jin Wengong defeated the Chu army in Chengpu, how brilliant. The state of Chu, which was not defeated by Duke Huan of Qi back then, was also defeated by the state of Jin. However, after the death of Duke Wen of Jin, the Jin State lacked a strong monarch who could completely control those who had established meritorious deeds. The power team of the four sons, each working on their own, fought openly and secretly, and finally the Gongzi team won, which was later Jin Xianggong. Jin Xianggong was more generous and benevolent, and did not experience great wandering and war before succeeding to the throne, and the main task after succeeding to the throne was to rule by vertical arch, that is, to continue the authority and status of the overlord. It was not in power for a long time, five or six years later, he drove the crane to the west, his son Jin Linggong succeeded to the throne, the monarch was killed by the Zhao family, completely ruined the great cause of the Jin State, the power of the Jin State was plundered by the Zhao family, the so-called dove occupies the magpie's nest, and the hegemony of the Jin State can be described as three generations of death.

The king of Chuzhuang drank the Yellow River and won the Zhou royal family, and the state of Chu really entered the Central Plains, which was realized in the era of King Chuzhuang, and the hundred-year conquest between Jin and Chu has become more frequent since the era of King Chuzhuang, and the hegemony of Chu is prosperous, and even Confucius commented on it as "virtuous King Chu!" In the universal view of the Central Plains people, King Chu Zhuang is so recognized, you can see the prosperity of the Chu State. However, after the death of King Chuzhuang, the king of Chu Gong ascended the throne at a young age, the powerful ministers regained control of the government, the political situation fell into turmoil, and the largest traitor in the history of Chu Wu Chen fled, which directly led to the occurrence of the Chu Cai Jin incident, and also contributed to the Jin and Wu alliance. The national strength of the state of Chu showed a plummeting decline, and the reign of the Duke of Mourning of the Jin State, the young and promising monarch of the Jin State, allied with the princes, contained the Chu State, and the war between the State of Wu and the State of Chu was endless, and the ambition of the State of Chu to enter the Central Plains was completely crushed, and the second state of Chu declined.

It seems that the three generations are destined to be reincarnated, and they have been repeatedly interpreted in the history of hundreds of years of kings in the Autumn and Warring States periods, and Song Xianggong dominated the Central Plains by diplomatic means, but he was only the second and declined; Wu Wangfu sent a defeat to the state of Chu, but in his later years he was forced by Gou Jian, and the state of Wu was destroyed; King Wuling of Zhao swept vertically and horizontally, destroyed Zhongshan in the east, supported Zhaoxiang in the west, and conquered Rongdi in the north, and dominated the three Jin Dynasty, but he also encountered domestic chaos in his later years and died tragically in the siege of the chaotic army; The princes and monarchs such as Marquis Wen of Wei, King Yan Zhao, King Min of Qi and so on could not get rid of such fate, and most of them were prosperous and declined. Even if he is like Qin Shi Huang and unifies the world, he will only die in the second generation. Autumn Warring States, fate is like this, how much is it controllable by manpower?

The Book of Poetry does not record Chu Feng, and Confucius does not enter Qin Chu! How did the Qin and Chu states deal with this?

During the Autumn and Warring States Period, Chu was a Southern Barbarian, and Qin was Rong Di, who was discriminated against by the Central Plains vassal states, the Book of Poetry did not record Chu Feng, and Confucius did not enter Qin and Chu

The Warring States Period in the Autumn Period can be said to be a chaotic and complex and colorful era, it has added a lot of color to the history of ancient China, the Hundred Schools of Thought in the Autumn Period have left a lot of amazing classic ideas, and the Warring States Period has also laid a solid foundation for China's later development.

Although this era is very chaotic, and there are countless wars, which makes the population of the Central Plains decrease sharply, but the value of this era is probably incomparable to all the subsequent peaceful eras, especially in the period of the hundred schools of thought, the collision of ideas brought about by the contention of a hundred schools, and the rise of ten schools and nine streams such as Confucianism, Mo, Taoism, etc., so that the people's minds at that time were gradually liberated, and gradually sobered up from some oppression of the slave society, which created good conditions for the establishment of the feudal society later. It is precisely because of this ideological enlightenment that the later Warring States Seven Heroes were born.

It can be said that the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period were all born under such a large ideological trend in the Autumn Period, so many princely powers in the Warring States Period had an inseparable relationship with some key academic schools, and it was in this era of coexistence of thought and war that interesting historical phenomena also occurred.

Those who are familiar with the history of the Autumn and Warring States periods can find that there is a common feature among those major schools, that is, the vast majority of them do not want to see the two countries of Chu and Qin, for example, the "Book of Songs" that we are very familiar with does not include the articles of Chu, and Confucius also refused to enter Qin and Chu when he traveled around the world, so what is the reason for this?

Let's focus on analyzing this issue today, and take a look at what the specific reasons for the "Book of Songs" not accepting Chu Feng and Confucius not entering Qin and Chu, and what kind of methods did Qin and Chu take to deal with it after such a thing happened

The first let's look at the Chu State, in fact, the discrimination of the people in the Central Plains at that time against the Chu State was more prevalent than the Qin State, not only Confucius, but even Lao Tzu also had great opinions on the Chu State, therefore, the local culture of the Chu State was very prosperous, but the "Book of Songs" still did not include any articles about the Chu State, it can be said that such discrimination is blatant, and these schools or these important figures do not want to see the Chu State for two reasons, the first is that the Chu State is different from other countries' founding characteristics, The second word is about the world of the state of Chu.

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