Zhao destroyed the Great Wall, and just three months later, the Qin army invaded Handan and captured the king of Zhao Youmiao, who began to miss Li Mu in the penal colony and regretted it: If Li Mu is still there, how can I eat Qin's rice......

After the fall of Handan and the capture of King Zhao, Zhao has not surrendered, the royal family Zhao Jia fled to Daicheng to call Daiwang, in 226 BC, the last Zhao army and the Yan army joined forces in the west of Yishui, which is the starting point of Jing Ke's assassination of Qin, the coalition army will fight the Qin army, and the Yan prince Dan is also in the array.

Yan and Zhao had attacked each other before, and there were constant big battles and small battles, but at the last moment, they stood together hand in hand.

In this battle, the Yan-Zhao coalition army lost, the defeated army fled to Liaodong, the Qin army pursued closely, and fought again, and the Yan-Zhao coalition army was defeated again. In order to survive, King Yan killed Prince Dan and offered it to the Qin army to sue for peace. The Qin army had ignored them, and the main force turned to attack Wei Chu. They struggled for another 4 years, and in 222 BC, Yan and Zhao both died in the Qin army. At this time, the Qin State was left with only one last opponent: the Qi State. In the following year, the Qi Dynasty was destroyed, and King Yingzheng of Qin was proclaimed emperor and the first emperor.

The general trend of history is unstoppable. Zhang Yimou's blockbuster "Hero" had a lot of reputation back then, and the focus of controversy was: Jet Li's assassin "Nameless" from Zhao State, who was completely able to kill the King of Qin, gave up the task of assassinating Qin for the sake of the unification of the world, and resolutely sacrificed himself and died under the arrows of the Qin army. This is the "chivalry" and "hero" that Zhang Yimou wants to express, a very grand concept.

It's an understanding. Sima Qian's disciples of Jing Ke, Yu Rang, Nie Zheng, and Hou Huan are all from the Warring States period, which is Sima Qian's understanding of "chivalry" and "hero".

Today's people miss the Autumn Warring States Period, which is a kind of spirit, a kind of blood, a kind of chivalry that can be done by people, a kind of generosity and tragedy, and the choice to die with will.

Today's people may sigh: After a long time, they will be together, but why is it not Yan Zhao who is "generous and sad" who unifies the world, especially the Zhao State with super military strength? The answer is actually very simple: whether it is China's "Zhou Yi" or the West's Heraclitus, the core idea is "change": everything is changing, but "change" is eternal.

Whoever can continue to seek change will be the final winner.

Back then, King Wuling of Zhao was determined to change, "Hu Fu Cavalry", and changed the traditional army structure with infantry as the main body to the army composition with cavalry and crossbow soldiers as the main body, which completely changed the way of warfare, and Zhao State became a military power.

Going back further, Wei was the first country to be strong and powerful in the Warring States period, and it was also because in the early years of the Warring States Period, Wei first implemented law reforms, reformed politics, rewarded farming and warfare, built water conservancy, enriched the country and strengthened the army, and became an old power.

Throughout the history of the Warring States Period, the Seven Heroes have glorious moments, thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi, the secret lies in the Ming monarch and the famous generals, but also in the reform and innovation of the law.

Everyone is seeking change, but some have stagnated, some have given up, and the Qin State, which has the worst foundation, was once beaten by the Wei State and had nowhere to hide, but it came from behind, and has never been able to change the law and innovate, gradually surpassing all opponents. Yan Zhao's people, no matter how brave and good they are, how can they surpass the victory of the system?

Fortunately, in the land of Yan Zhao, the temperament of generosity and tragedy has continued. The identity of a region has been formed over a long period of time, and it has endured throughout a long history.

Why did "Autumn" and "Sengoku" be separated? The ancients really had one!

The Autumn Warring States period is a very important period in Chinese history, starting from the eastward migration of King Zhou Ping to the east in 770 BC to the end of Qin's unification of the Six Kingdoms in 221 BC.

This is an era of princely strife, chaos and hegemony, and the weak and the strong.

So, since Autumn and Warring States are both times of strife, why do they have to be called separately?

From 770 BC to 476 BC, the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is very representative. There is a famous history book in the Lu State called "Autumn", which records the history of the period of 242 years, so later generations called this period "Autumn".

Due to the excessive division of the Zhou Dynasty, it gradually led to the rise of the princes, and at this time the Zhou Dynasty had already existed in name only, without the power to rule. In order to revitalize their own countries, the vassal states constantly began to encourage new ideas and new changes, and accelerated the entire Central Plains from the simplest "slash-and-burn" to a more advanced civilization.

At this time, the "hundred schools of thought" emerged in various vassal states, and Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius promoted Confucianism and Taoism, advocating convincing people with reason and governing the country with virtue.

Other Legalists, Taoists, Mohists, Yangists, Zonghengists, Bingjia, and Physicians also have their own rich theories, and the representatives of various schools of thought were very famous at that time, such as Mozi, Laozi, Guan Zhong, and Sun Tzu all lived in this era.

At this time, there was a popular trend: the competition between vassal states was mainly manifested in etiquette, virtue, and civilization, and too barbaric would be despised by all countries.

In the event of a dispute between the vassal states, instead of sending a large army to attack desperately, the generals and nobles first conducted friendly negotiations and discussions, and the soldiers were required not to directly "kill the hand", but only to injure the other party. The princes showed their kindness in the war, so that the other countries could see their benevolence. At this time, a number of very famous kings emerged, such as the Duke of Qi Huan, the King of Chuzhuang, the Duke of Jin Wen, and the Duke of Qin Mu, all of whom had the strength to "win the Central Plains".

The time dates back to 663 B.C., the Duke of Qi Huan sent troops to help the Yan State crusade against the enemy, and after the victory of the war, the King of Yan sent it all the way in order to thank the King of Qi. It was sent to the territory of Qi State, and Qi Huan Gong said embarrassedly: I am not Zhou Tianzi, you treat me so politely, how can I not reciprocate? So, the State of Qi gave the land that the King of Yan sent to the Duke of Qi Huan to the State of Yan to show his kindness, and the other princes heard about it and praised the Duke of Qi Huan. They must not have imagined that after 200 years, tens of thousands of people died in order to fight for a city, and the Qi State almost destroyed the Yan State, and later the Yan State took revenge and almost destroyed the Qi State.

The time dates back to 597 BC, the Battle of Yi. The Jin State was defeated by the Chu State, and the Jin soldiers were very flustered when they fled, and the Chu soldiers were not in a hurry to chase after them, and slowly followed behind them. At this time, a chariot of the Jin Kingdom fell into a pit and could no longer walk. The soldiers of the Chu State hurriedly ran over to help, and taught the enemy to pull out the wood in front of the chariot and put it under the wheels, and later the Jin chariot got out of trouble and escaped smoothly.

At this time, the war was child's play.

The "Historical Records" records that 476 BC was the first year of King Yuan of Zhou, and the Zhou Dynasty entered a period of fierce struggle. From the formation of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period to the unification of the Six Kingdoms by Qin Shi Huang, the period from 475 BC to 221 BC is another period with stage characteristics, and the historical book "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty records in detail the politics and strategies of the princes during the period, so later historians call this period "Warring States".

With the development of history, various vassal states gradually discovered that excessive courtesy could not be exchanged for too many benefits, and many kings began to become tyrannical, and wars gradually became "murderous battlefields". As a result, nations began to fight for land and cities, leaving the previous rites behind.

Tens of thousands of people died in every war during the Warring States Period, and even the Qin State implemented the "human head" military merit system after the Shang Dynasty changed the law. In the "Battle of Changping", Bai Qi led the Qin army to kill 450,000 enemies, and even killed prisoners of war. While everyone won military merits, the princes of the Warring States were shocked by the bloody outcome of the war.

At the same time, the strategy and vertical and horizontal strategy of this period began to play a great role, how to develop the country, how to arrange the war became the focus of the study of the princes and strategists of various countries, and the war at this time was more "technical level", in order to deceive, self-preservation, and peace, the flowers and trees, the knife was used to kill, the fire was watched from the other side, the discord was reversed, and the drama of encircling Wei to save Zhao was staged one after another, and it emerged in endlessly.

The time dates back to 313 BC, when Zhang Yishu persuaded the king of Chu to make friends with the Qin state, and the Qin state was willing to give up 600 li of land. King Chu Huai was deceived, tore up the contract with the State of Qi, and sent people to scold the King of Qi. Later, Zhang Yi said that he would dedicate his fiefdom Liuli Jin to the king of Chu. In this way, the state of Chu was furious and attacked the state of Qin. The State of Qi and the State of Qin jointly sent troops to attack Chu, and the State of Chu was defeated and ceded land for peace.

Zhang Yi's behavior will be scolded by the world in the autumn period, and no one is willing to take him in. However, in the Qin State during the Warring States Period, King Qin Huiwen regarded him as a treasure.

Autumn and Sengoku form a very stark contrast, and although each country is constantly fighting for its own interests, the form they take has become very different. Qiu's "convincing people with virtue" is deeply influenced by Confucianism and Taoism, advocating kindness and virtue, and conforming to the way of heaven. And the Warring States' "food on the weak" was more realistic, everything was aimed at vested interests and long-term hegemony, and when land and etiquette conflicted, the princes would not hesitate to choose land.

Of course, the Autumn Warring States period also brought a wonderful history to China.

During the Autumn and Warring States Period, the society pursued a chivalrous culture, and "the soldier dies for his confidant" and Jing Ke left the eternal swan song of "the wind is sluggish and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone" next to Yishui. In the Warring States Period, the style of raising scholars was all the rage, and the famous "Wei has Xinling Jun, Chu has Shen Jun, Zhao has Pingyuan Jun, Qi has Meng Weijun, and all the corporal likes guests to fall in love with each other". Freed from the shackles of slavery, these scholars traveled around the world, campaigned and expressed their opinions, and enlivened the academic atmosphere of the Warring States Period.

The war of the Autumn and Warring States period was a war of annexation between the princes for the sake of population and land, "the state has no fixed diplomatic relations, the country has no fixed land", which brought profound disasters to the people at that time, and the productive forces were destroyed, but there were disadvantages and advantages, at the same time, the war increased the demand for all kinds of talents, and all kinds of talents emerged in endlessly, and these people laid the foundation for the maturity of Chinese civilization; At the same time, the continuous war has filled people's hearts with a desire for China's reunification, and it can be said that the war has accelerated China's reunification and made China stand proudly in the east of the world with a more powerful posture. In the short term, the wars of the Autumn and Warring States periods destroyed the productive forces and brought great disasters to the people, but in the long run, he hastened the unification of China, thus preventing China from being torn apart like Western Europe, because it was stronger to deal with other invading peoples.

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