Why is the Shang Dynasty Reform so far-reaching? Just look at these decrees!

Shang Ying, a brutal and ungrateful person, has immortal contributions to Great Qin; It didn't die well, but it was the culmination of the Legalists... And his change is at least the foundation of the first emperor Fen VI Yu Lie and swept the **, but in the long run, it can also be called the beginning of the real entry of the Chinese people into the rule of law society... So, what are those laws that Shang Yang enacted?

In 359 BC, with the full support of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Ying began his plan to change the law... And he acted as vigorously and resolutely, and in the same year, he promulgated the "Grass Reclamation Order" in Qin... As a prelude to the change...

Reclamation of grass, as the name suggests, is to reclaim barren grass, that is, to reclaim wasteland. His idea was actually very simple, if you want to make the Qin State strong, you must first vigorously develop the economy, and with the society and the productive forces at that time, if you want to vigorously develop the economy, you must vigorously develop agriculture...

And in order to let the old Qin people honestly farm and open up the wasteland, Shang Ying also tried his best:

First of all, it exalts the status of agriculture and inhibits the development of non-agricultural industries, especially commerce, so that it is not profitable to engage in business, and it seems that farming is no choice but to do so. On this basis, the government was purged and officials were ordered not to delay official duties and not disturb the people, so that they could farm with peace of mind; In order to prevent them from being distracted, the order emphasized that the peasants were not allowed to study poetry and books, and were not allowed to come into contact with the intellectual class...

In short, no matter how big or small, Shang Ying basically thought of everything, and he tried his best to create a good farming environment, and at the same time, he also tried hard not to let farmers have other ideas other than farming...

Of course, Shang Yang was not ambiguous in his treatment of the powerful, cutting privileges, joining the agricultural ranks, and imposing a unified tax system...

The order has been implemented for three years, and the results have been remarkable. It was also in this year that Shang Ying was named the chief of the left house, and on the basis of the promulgation of the "Reclamation Order", the first reform of the law in the Qin State was officially implemented.

And this time, Shang Ying mainly promulgated the "Book of Laws" of Li Yan of the Wei State in the early years, but added an article: the law of continuous sitting, and light offenses are punished heavily. As for the previous "Grass Reclamation Order", it will continue to be implemented and upgraded, and it is determined that "agriculture" is the main industry, and commerce is the last industry, and a series of incentives have been added to agriculture... Of course, they also continue to "fool the people" and simply burn the Confucian holy scriptures...

In terms of military and political affairs, the hereditary and descendant system of the nobility was abolished, and knighthoods were awarded for military merits, and private fights were stopped, and the twelfth-rank knighthood system of rewards according to military merits was promulgated...

The household registration was also reformed, and once a man reached adulthood, he had to separate from his parents, so that the tax revenue and military resources were expanded, and the military and economic strength of the Qin state was also stronger...

A few years later, the Qin State moved its capital to Xianyang, and Xiaogong saw that the reform was very effective, so he ordered Shang Ying to carry out a second change here.

This time, the well field system was completely abolished, and the land was changed to private ownership, and free trade was allowed. Abolish the feudal system, and take the county as the local administrative unit, and set up the office of county commander and county lieutenant; Unified weights and measures; In terms of household registration, the household registration continues to be refined, five families are together, ten families are not, and fathers, sons, and brothers live in the same room...

After the change, the Qin State was governed, the princes Bihe, the Son of Heaven Zhizuo, and the later First Emperor, swept **, unified the universe...

Shang Ying's great achievements!

Shang Ying changed the law, why did Shang Ying escape in the end, and how was he caught?

After Shang Ying was torn apart, the people of Qin fought for it, and Shang Ying's bones soon disappeared, and many of these people were the family members and friends of Shang Ying's execution of more than 700 people at one time.

In 338 B.C., after a small victory at the east bank of the river, Qin Xiaogong died soon after, and the crown prince Qin Si ascended the throne as King Huiwen of Qin.

Qin Xiaogong was an iconic figure, and at his insistence, the Qin state practiced militaristic slavery, increased its military strength, and embarked on the long road to domination of the world.

Qin Xiaogong died, some things had to be reshuffled, and some people had to reposition themselves. Xiangguo Shang Yang is undoubtedly the first person who needs to be repositioned.

The fiefdom of Shang Yang was 600 li of Shang Yu land, with fifteen cities. After capturing the prince of Wei, Shang Ying was awarded the title of Shang Jun, and the fief was in the land of Shangyu, and the name was deserved.

As early as the Qin Mugong period, the Chu State built a city in Shangmi, and the Jin State built a city in the middle,-for-tat.

In the Battle of Yi, King Zhuang of Chu defeated the Jin State and became the hegemon, and the Jin State dedicated Yu Zhong to the Chu State, and the land of 600 li Shang Yu became an overall geographical unit of the Chu State.

Later, the state of Chu was attacked by the state of Wu, and the state of Qin sent a large army to help the state of Chu restore the state, and in return, the state of Chu gave the land of Shang to the state of Qin.

Shang Ying's fiefdom is known as 600 li large, in the eastern part of the Qinling Mountains, located at the junction of Qin, Chu and Wei, and has an important strategic position.

The altitude of Shangyu is very high, and both the north and south sides have built fortresses based on the dangerous terrain, and if there are tens of thousands of troops to defend it, it can definitely become a country of its own.

However, during the Warring States Period, various countries changed their laws, and the fiefs did not have complete autonomy as well as in the Autumn Period. Most of the fiefdoms of the Warring States were food estates, and in the early Warring States period, the feudal lords could control some garrison armies, and in the later period, they completely separated themselves from the army.

Shang Ying has such a vast fief, and on the surface the scenery is infinite, but in fact, Shang Ying has been living a very hard life in the past 20 years since he entered Qin.

In the first two years of Shang Ying's entry into Qin, Qin Xiaogong was not allowed to be reused, and he was depressed. When Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Ying as the head of the left and began to change the law, Shang Ying had power in his hands, but found that the resistance to changing the law was very great.

The Qin people who opposed the Shang Dynasty reform, except for Qin Xiaogong, from top to bottom, almost all Qin people were included.

Among the ministers of the Qin State, Gan Long and Du Zhi were staunch opponents of the Shang Dynasty's reforms, and their reasons were more noble, believing that the Shang Dynasty's militaristic slavery was a policy of ignoring the people and suffering the people.

In addition to the ministers above the court, the Qin clan also strongly opposed the Shang Dynasty reforms, because the changes weakened the power of the nobles. It is not so much that they opposed the Shang Dynasty reform, but that they opposed the reform, because the reform of the Warring States period was to weaken the interests of the aristocracy and concentrate power in the hands of the state and the monarch.

The ministers and clans of the Qin court have always opposed the Shang Dynasty reform, and if it were not for Qin Xiaogong's strong support, the Shang Dynasty reform could have been stopped at any time.

Not only the upper class, but also the ordinary people of the Qin State also complained about Shang Ying's law change. Because the Shang Dynasty changed the law and deprived them of a peaceful life, the vast majority of Qin men were armed into the army, causing countless families to be separated.

Shang Ying's son in the Qin State has always been unhappy, none of the ministers in the court are like-minded friends, at first the Qin people just rejected him, and with the deepening of the change, more and more people want to kill him.

Shang Ying is a very smart person, how can he not know that many people killed him. His response was to hire a group of highly armed warriors to protect himself.

Since he had been sealed in the land of Shang Yu and had his own food estate, the treasury in Shang Ying's mansion was very sufficient, and he always had a few high-flying chariots and dozens of warriors accompanying him to protect him. If you want to leave the land of Shangyu, there are dozens of chariots wrapped in iron armor, and hundreds of warriors with sharp blades in their hands, hugging the ground to protect them. Shang Ying looks mighty, but it is a manifestation of weakness.

After the Qin State changed the law, the power of the nobles was seriously weakened, and the mobilization of the national army reached more than 50 people, and the tiger talisman of the Qin monarch was needed. Therefore, as long as Qin Xiaogong does not kill Shang Ying, others can only use their own private arms to kill Shang Ying, and it is almost impossible to kill Shang Yang under the strict protection of hundreds of warriors.

Shang Ying was so unpopular in the Qin State that everyone wanted to kill him quickly, did Qin Xiaogong arrange a way for Shang Ying to survive before he died?

The answer is no, Qin Xiaogong not only did not leave a way for Shang Ying to live, but he even arranged a road to death for Shang Yang with his own hands.

Qin Xiaogong and Shang Ying, this pair of monarchs and ministers of the Qin State who changed the law, in the eyes of outsiders, are the best partners who cannot be beaten, how could Qin Xiaogong put Shang Ying to death?

There are no more than two reasons, one is that Shang Ying's fief is contrary to the county system, and the other is that Shang Yang must be used as a scapegoat for changing the law.

Shang Ying's fiefdom, the place is 600 li, since Shang Ying entered Qin, Qin State has not expanded a total of 600 li, but Shang Yang has obtained 600 li of Shang land.

Historical development shows that the Qin State ultimately wanted to realize the county system under the direct jurisdiction of the monarch, and the fiefdom of Shang Ying was contrary to the county system of Qin State, which was the biggest cause of Shang Ying's death.

In the process of unification of the Qin State, not only did Shang Ying have fiefs, but also the fiefs of several bigwigs, which were not much worse than Shang Ying's.

Wei Ran, the uncle of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, was sealed in Tao County, the richest place in the world at that time. This is a county in the original Song Kingdom, and all the princes want to get this rich place, and the Qi State, the Wei State, and the Qin State have all paid a heavy price in order to compete for Tao County.

However, Wei Ran did not die well in the end, and his Tao County was nationalized by King Qin Zhaoxiang.

In the history of the Qin State, it was Lü Buwei who got the most fiefs, and his exploits needless to say, it can be said that without Lü Buwei, there would be no King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, let alone Qin Shi Huang. Lü Buwei's fiefdom has three major blocks, the first of which is in the Luoyang Basin, with 100,000 households and a population of no less than 700,000. The second is Lantian in Guanzhong, known as the twelve counties. The third block, in the eastern part of the river, consists of ten cities donated by the Yan State and five cities donated by the Zhao State.

Lü Buwei had a wide fief, and his final fate was nothing more than that, he was exiled to Sichuan and confiscated his fief.

Chang Yu, the male favorite of Qin Shi Huang's mother Zhao Ji, was awarded Taiyuan County. Chang Yu's final fate was the same as Shang Ying's, the car broke and died, and the fief was confiscated.

Wei Ran, Lü Buwei, Chang Yu and others, as the descendants of Shang Ying, even if they knew that the fief was incompatible with the times, they still couldn't stop the greed in their hearts, and they had a fluke mentality, and of course they couldn't keep their fiefdom.

Shang Ying was the first to eat crabs, and he was eligible for a fief, but he could not stop the wheel of historical development.

If everyone's fiefs are retained, then after the Qin State unifies the world, the Qin Dynasty will become the second Zhou Dynasty, and the Qin people will work hard to win the country, and in the end, it will be divided by the princes.

This kind of situation is what Qin Xiaogong never wants to see, only by recovering the fiefdom of Shang Ying, the county system of Qin can be implemented, otherwise weakening the old nobles and supporting a group of new nobles like Shang Ying, the efforts of the Qin people will be in vain.

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