The inspiration of the era of Shang Ying's reform: for whom the bell of the new era rings

In the era of Qin Xiaogong, King Qi Wei appointed Zou Ji as the prime minister and Sun Bin as the military advisor, built the Jixia School Palace, cultivated a large number of talents for the princes and countries, launched political changes and military reforms, and finally defeated the Wei State.

The Shang Dynasty reform law spanned many fields such as politics, economy, and military, and ran through dozens of prefectures and counties in the Qin state, completely changing the pattern of the Qin state. The advent of the era of reform did not start with Shang Ying. Before the Shang Dynasty, the Wei State had carried out severe reforms. Li Kui wrote "The Book of Law", and Wei Wenhou reused Wu Qi, Le Yang and others, and Wei was very prosperous for a while. The strength of the Wei State is also known to the princes and countries, and the talents flock to gather, gather in the capital of the Wei State, and flow from the Wei State to the other countries, and the momentum of changing the law is so fierce that if you do not take the initiative to change the law, it seems that it can no longer adapt to the new era.

In the era of Qin Xiangong, there were Gan Long, Du Zhi and others, who supported Qin Xiangong, who was familiar with the culture of the Wei State, and was catering to the era of law change. However, these people are still the old nobles of the Qin people, and the angle they uphold is to stabilize the interests of the family, and the so-called purpose of forming gangs and supporting the reform of Qin Xiangong is nothing more than to win the interests of the family. They had long lived in the western Qin state, and were relatively weakly influenced by the iron-blooded policies of the Wei state, and even if Qin Xiangong implemented reforms in the country, such as abolishing human martyrdom, moving the capital, expanding commercial activities, establishing household registration and promoting the county system, and even launching a war to recover the lost territory in Hexi, it was all due to selfish intentions. Gan Long, Du Zhi and others are by no means serious reformers.

"As long as the rate of change outside is greater than the rate of change within the organization, it's not far off." After Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, he issued an order to seek talents, which was to use external forces to accelerate the trend of reform in Qin, and to reform the pattern of Qin.

As everyone knows, the biggest political enemy of Shang Ying's reform is Gan Long, Du Zhi and others, if the leader of the reform is not Shang Ying, but Gan Long, he will definitely say to Qin Xiaogong: "Your Majesty, I followed your fathers to overcome obstacles and create today's Qin State, and the person who is most familiar with Qin is me. The "Historical Records" contains: "It is not easy for the saints to be taught by the people, and those who know will not change the law and rule." Teach because of the people, and succeed without work; Those who rule by the law will be accustomed to the law and the people will be safe. This is a complete opposition to the Shang Dynasty reform.

In the era of Qin Xiaogong, the Central Plains countries have stabilized, the Zhou royal family has declined, the princes have attacked and annexed each other by force, and the living space of those small vassal states has been very narrow, and they have been reduced to the battlefield of the six eastern countries all the year round. However, the fortune of the Qin State lies in the fact that it is located on the border of the Central Plains, and there is a lot of wasteland, and the eastern countries compete for fertile land and population, and often take action against the rich cities of the Central Plains.

For the Qin state, if the country is not destroyed, there will be a chance. Wei had attacked the vicinity of the capital of Yongzhou several times in Qin, but basically never attacked the capital. This is the precursor to the imminent and possible change of the law in the Qin State. Moreover, whether the nations want it or not, the changes of the Qin State will come, and they will come faster than expected. What should the nations of the East do? Be furious? Nervous? Fear? Or is it to the general trend of law change?

In the era of Qin Xiaogong, King Qi Wei appointed Zou Ji as the prime minister and Sun Bin as the military advisor, built the Jixia School Palace, cultivated a large number of talents for the princes and countries, launched political changes and military reforms, and finally defeated the Wei State. King Xuan of Chu "opened up the land, paid taxes and made fake money", implemented the policy of recuperation and foreign expansion in parallel, and waited for an opportunity to expand the territory of Chu to the most extensive at that time. King Wei Hui appointed Hui Shi as the prime minister and Pang Juan as the general in the early stage, and took the lead in the hegemony war with Qi in the early stage.

Looking through the history books, most of the achievements of the six eastern countries such as Yan Wengong, Han Zhaohou, and Zhao Chenghou are closely related to the reform of the law, and they are also known as the countries of the Warring States and the hegemon. It can be seen that the general trend at that time was only to change the law. However, the final success of the Shang Dynasty reform law made a great change in the pattern of the world, and the so-called six heroes of the Warring States finally became the seven heroes of the Warring States.

The real Shang Martingale Transformation, its terrifying degree and madness are far more than just in textbooks!

The Shang Dynasty Reform in the history textbook only emphasizes that the reform focuses on farming and warfare, and only talks about the policy of benefiting the people proposed to everyone in the Shang Dynasty Reform Law, but does not talk about the evil of the real content. The difference in history class is that after Qin Xiaogong inherited the monarch, he was very dissatisfied with the status quo at that time, and the idea of changing the status quo was born, so he sent the call down and recruited the world's great sages to give advice.

It became the "Shang Yang Change" mentioned in the "textbook", so there was a person named Shang Ying in the middle, he entered the Qin State from the Wei State, the official position is Zuo Shuchang, he is a very experienced and thoughtful person, the main starting point is to speed up the agricultural output. It is said that at that time, everyone solved the problem of food and clothing in order to achieve a prosperous and peaceful life. Therefore, it is not right to encourage business development, it must be suppressed! At that time, most businessmen were opportunistic and rich!

It must be reshaped so that the people can understand the good of the agricultural society. Moreover, the privileges in the hands of high-ranking officials and nobles are too large and the hierarchy is not obvious, so they have to be diverted, and they have to be allowed to participate in agricultural production, and the tax system is the most important, and it must be coordinated. The plan to change the law has been studied a long time ago, but no one cares about Shang Ying's policy at all. The targets of his attacks were mainly high-ranking officials and nobles. So "in order to let everyone follow his orders, so he studied the ground and thought of a plan, which probably means to send a big wood at the gate of the city for people to go, the wood resists to the well, and gives you 10 taels of gold, but everyone didn't believe it, so he gave 50 taels, so someone went to try, and the result was earned, so everyone believed." The above paragraph is the Shang Dynasty reform described in history textbooks now, which makes many people feel that the change is quite lofty. In fact, at that time, not only were there rewards, but also punishments. But everybody went to see the sweetness.

However, there are quite a few limitations and problems after implementation. For example, "Shang" is to make a bunch of evil people to cure good! The bad guy is in charge of the honest man, and the effect is obvious, but as soon as the extraordinary period passes, there are more and more gossips about this extraordinary method. Everyone must know that the weak people in this world are not incompetent people, but you have not touched his bottom line! It's okay to use it to quickly stabilize the situation, but it's originally bī) good for prostitution.

In Shang Ying's idea, if the people want to concentrate on farming and fighting, the eyes must be covered, the ears must be blocked, and even the mouth must be sealed. This donkey was just blindfolded when he was grinding, and when he came to the Legalist, the people's five senses were directly missing, and they were really not as good as the donkey.

Also, the matter of education is not a matter of importance in the Shang Dynasty reform. On the contrary, the punishment is very detailed, even if you only commit a crime, you have to accept a heavy punishment, and the exploitation and oppression of the people is not what we can imagine today.

The true content of Shang Ying's reform was extremely brutal, which also brought down the Qin Dynasty, and he had most of the reasons, after Qin Shi Huang unified, the people finally couldn't stand these oppressions. Ordinary people, peasants everywhere too!

The thorough and continuous Shang Dynasty reform provided the Qin State with a whole efficient merger machine!

Shang Ying's reform was carried out by King Qin Huiwen later. , which led to the Qin State being far more efficient than the other six countries in the Warring States Melee War, and then encroaching and annexing the six countries that were not very thorough in their reforms.

It laid the most solid foundation for the Qin State from a "Western power" to a "superpower", and its influence was not only in the era of Qin Xiaogong and Qin Huiwen, but also carried out in the era of King Qin Zhaoxiang and Qin Shi Huang, and even eventually affected the system of the Han Empire, becoming one of the important sources of imperial power in ancient China.

The most direct impact of the Shang Dynasty reform was the gradual strengthening of the Qin state: from a Western hegemon that was later than Wei, Qi, and Chu, to a superpower that could confront the six Kwantung countries. The Shang Dynasty reform was followed by the Qin kings after King Huiwen of Qin, and the resulting institutional habits eventually provided the most backbone and core driving force for the Qin state to annex the world.

Among the various measures of the Shang Dynasty reform:

private fights and rewarding military merits greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the Qin army;

The emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of business, and the abolition of wells and fields, greatly improved the agricultural production capacity of the Qin State;

The implementation of the county system, the compilation of household registration, and the implementation of the small family system greatly boosted the ability of the central government of the Qin State to control the people of the whole country;

The unification of the system of weights and measures and the promulgation of standards for weights and measures greatly improved the economic efficiency within the Qin state;

All the above measures will comprehensively promote the improvement of the Qin army's logistics support capabilities;

In other words, the annexation of the Qin State relied on this most thorough system to reward and punish. It was the power of the system that condensed the individual ** of the Qin State from top to bottom, the ministers and the people, which led to the Qin State being far more efficient than the other six countries in the Warring States Melee War, and then encroaching and annexing the six countries that were not very thorough in the law. Although the six countries of Kwantung once had the reform of Li Kui of Wei, the Lianlian reform of Gongzhong of Zhao, the reform of Shen Buxiao of Korea, the reform of Wu Qi of Chu, the Hu Fuqi of Zhao, and the reform of King Yan Zhao, they were all unable to implement the temporary results because the changes were not comprehensive, thorough, and sustainable, and they were all overtaken by the rising star of Qin.

Of course, when we praise the "system" advantages of the Qin State in the middle and late Warring States period after the Shang Dynasty reform, we cannot ignore the strong "militaristic" war machine color in the Qin system, which is also the institutional habit of the Qin Dynasty's eventual defeat. Therefore, we should look at the Shang Dynasty Reform Law and the subsequent Qin King's compliance with the results of the Shang Dynasty Reform Law in two ways: we must not only affirm the advancement of the Shang Dynasty Reform Law to promote the annexation of the Qin State to the world, but also see the dark side of the extremely strong nationalism of the Qin Dynasty, neither blindly boasting of the so-called "Great Qin Empire", nor deliberately belittling the historical achievements of the Qin State, the Qin Army and the Qin Dynasty, so as to maintain an objective, fair and fair view of Qin history.

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