Why was the state of Zhao destroyed by the state of Qin? In addition to employment errors, there are three main reasons.

Zhao is one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, from the founding of the state in 403 BC to the destruction of 228 BC, after 175 years, in the history of Zhao, there are stories that are widely recited by later generations, such as stealing talismans to save Zhao, returning to Zhao after completion, Mao Sui recommended himself and so on.

In addition to these, there is another point that has been praised by later generations, that is, Zhao **min's active resistance to Qin. In the process of Qin's annihilation of the Six Kingdoms, only Zhao was the most capable and the most tragic country. However, history did not choose Zhao in the end, why is that? The most important point is the mistake of employing people. Zhao is full of talents, not comparable to other countries, but the monarch of Zhao began to be King Zhao Xiaocheng, and most of the people who were reused were nobles.

For example, in the Battle of Changping, which decided the life and death of Zhao State, King Zhao Xiaocheng only discussed with Zhao Bao, the king of Pingyang, and Zhao Sheng, the king of Pingyuan, both of whom were noble relatives of the Gong family. And the talented Lin Xiangru and Lian Po are not among the decision-makers. Before Qin destroyed Zhao, Zhao Qian, the king of Zhao, listened to slander and killed Li Mu, who supported half of the Zhao state, which directly led to the destruction of Handan City three months later, and Zhao Qian, the king of Zhao, was captured. Although even if Li Mu is not killed, Zhao Guo is also more auspicious, but at least he can hold on for a while.

In addition to the mistakes in employing people, there were three main reasons for the destruction of the Zhao State.

First, the court**: From Guo Kai, we can see the extent of Zhao's politics**, and he bears unshirkable responsibility for the demise of Zhao. During the Warring States Period, there were four famous generals, Qin and Zhao accounted for two each, and the two famous generals of Zhao were Lian Po and Li Mu, and both of them were framed by Guo Kai. Lian Po was a famous general of Zhao State, and he made many military exploits, but he was destroyed by Guo Kai and had to flee from Zhao State; Li Mu's fate was even worse, and he was killed directly.

Second, there is no distinction between priority and priority: at the end of the Warring States Period, Zhao not only had to face the powerful Qin State, but was also disturbed by the Yan State in the rear, although the strength of Yan State was not comparable to Zhao State, but in the process of the destruction of Zhao State, Yan State played a huge role. For example, after the Battle of Changping and the Battle of Handan, the Yan State took the opportunity to attack the weakened Zhao State, which was a mistake by the Yan King. If there was no Zhao State blocking the Qin State, could Yan Guoan be so peaceful? King Yan was short-sighted and fell into the ground, and King Zhao Xiaocheng was also faint, not only did he not recuperate internally, but also made friends externally. In the face of the invasion of the Yan State, it continued to fight for four years, although the Yan State was hurt, but it also suffered heavy losses, which led to further consumption of troops, which allowed the Qin State to reap the benefits of the fisherman.

Third, the territory was sharply reduced: There were two reasons for the rapid reduction of the territory of the Zhao State, one was annexed by the Qin State, and the other was to be feuded to others. During the four years of the war between Zhao and Yan, Qin took the opportunity to annex thirty-seven cities in the western part of Zhao, and Jinyang, the old capital of Zhao, also fell; In order to curry favor with the Qin State, King Zhao Xiaocheng gave Hejian to Lü Buwei. In order to repay Xinlingjun for stealing talismans to save Zhao, he sent the important town of Zhao to Xinlingjun. Even in order to let the Tian Dan of Qi State deal with Yan State, he actually sent out fifty-seven cities, you must know that at that time, Zhao State also had famous generals Lian Po and Zhao Hao.

The three reasons mentioned above boil down to one of the "mediocre monarchs". There were a total of thirteen monarchs in Zhao State, and only King Zhao Wuling really made a positive contribution to Zhao State. However, King Zhao Wuling is also a bright and dark one, and he can only be regarded as half a Ming monarch without a good beginning and a good end, so it is not surprising that Zhao was destroyed.

Zhao Guochen is in charge, Wang Jian is unstoppable, and Qin destroys Zhao State!

In the history of the Warring States Period, the Qin State planned many famous counter-plots, and they repeatedly succeeded, which shows that the Qin government has made hard efforts in spy warfare. This is an invisible battlefield, although there is no sword and sword, and there is no blood, but it often determines the success or failure of a war. This also shows that Qin's strength is all-round, and it does not just have an extraordinary army. Li Mu's death swept away the psychological barrier of the Qin army, and the general attack on Zhao began. The main force of the war against Zhao was Wang Qian's corps and the Qiang corps, at this time Wang Jian had become the first brother of the Qin generals, and he was the undisputed number one hero in Qin's war to unify the six countries. The Qin army hijacked Han Zhiwei, eyeing the tiger, and the soldiers were strong and strong; On the other hand, the Zhao army, the highly respected general Li Mu was punished for no reason, and his morale was unprecedentedly depressed.

Wang Qian's army was murderous and drove straight in, and Zhao Cong fought a decisive battle with the Qin army, with a hint of luck. But on the battlefield, it relied on strength rather than luck, and the Zhao State Corps without Li Mu was finally defeated, and the last thing Zhao Cong could do was to die and die for the country. This battle wiped out the elite troops of Zhao State, and the life and death of Zhao State depended on the final Battle of Handan.

Handan is a strong fortress, and no one can deny it. For the people of Zhao, this is a glorious city, because in history, they have defended the capital against invaders many times. In particular, the Battle of Handan, which took place from 259 BC to 257 BC, was a life-and-death war, when Zhao lost more than 400,000 troops in Changping, but was able to hold Handan for three years to avoid becoming the first power to go out.

Today, however, is different. Thirty years ago, in the Zhao State, despite the dangerous situation, the country's politics were clear, the monarchs and ministers worked together, hated the same enemy, united as one, and there was no shortage of virtuous ministers and good generals in the court. But now? The ministers were in charge, Guo Kai, Han Cang and others covered the sky with one hand, slandered and killed famous generals, and the army and the people were terrified. Let me ask, under such circumstances, can the military and people of Handan still carry forward the spirit of nationalism and sacrifice to the extreme as they did 30 years ago? The more serious problem is that at this time, Zhao Guo had no reinforcements. Korea among the six eastern countries has become history, and the other countries are struggling to make peace, and there are no heroes like Shin Lingjun and Shin Jun.

From the very beginning, Handan's fate was immediately visible. It is speculated from historical sources that the commander of Handan's garrison should be Yan Ju, who was a general from the Qi State, but did not show the courage that a mercenary should have. In the face of the fierce attack of the Qin army, he was defeated, but did not die on the battlefield like Zhao Cong. With little to no decent resistance, Handan City became a trophy for Wang Qian, and Zhao Qian, the last king of Zhao, became a prisoner of the Qin army. The state of Zhao perished. This powerful country, which once dominated the north, became the second country to perish among the six heroes in the East, and only five months had passed since Li Mu's death. This is, so to speak, retribution. However, some historians have postponed the fall of Zhao by seven years, but why?

The state of Qin attacked Handan and captured the king of Zhao, Zhao Qian, but did not completely occupy the state of Zhao. Zhao Qian's elder brother, the previously deposed crown prince Zhao Jia, fled to Daijun with hundreds of members of the Zhao clan, established himself as king, called "Daiwang", and still held high the banner of resistance to Qin. Acting King Zhao Jia knew that his strength was weak, so he sent people to Yan State, joined the Yan ** team, and stationed troops in Shanggu. The story of Zhao Jia's alliance with Yan to fight against Qin will be discussed later. Although Zhao Jia organized a new government-in-exile, it was called "Dai" rather than "Zhao", so it can be said that the state of Zhao, as the Six Heroes of the East, was actually destroyed in 229 BC, and its magnificent history finally came to an end.

King Yingzheng of Qin had a very close relationship with the state of Zhao, so the annexation of the state of Zhao was of extraordinary significance to him. The "Historical Records" clearly refers to the King of Qin as "Zhao Zheng", he is from the Zhao State, and his mother Zhao Ji is a native of the Zhao State, and he grew up in the Zhao State since he was a child. After Wang Jian killed Zhao, King Yingzheng of Qin was very excited, and he couldn't wait to go to Handan, wanting to find his childhood memories here. Now that the city had finally become the territory of the Qin state, the king of Qin had a sense of pride in believing that he had been born and that his mission was to dominate the world. After arriving in Handan City, he visited his mother's relatives, either to curry favor with his mother's family, or to show his power, he arrested all those who had grudges with his mother's family, and executed all of them. At this time, the king of Qin was more and more exposed to the brutal side of his character, but this tyrant had extraordinary talents and ambitions that no one could match.

After the annexation of Han and Zhao, did the Qin state have enough appetite? Truth be told, by virtue of the annexation of Korea and the Zhao State alone, King Yingzheng of Qin surpassed all the Qin kings before him, although strictly speaking, these achievements stood on the shoulders of his predecessors. Qin Xiaogong's goal is to restore the hegemony of Qin Mugong's era, and Qin Wuwang's goal is to "pass through Sanchuan to peek into the Zhou room", and Qin Wang Yingzheng's ambition is even greater, he wants to become the only and supreme ruler in the world, and he wants to become a god in the world!

Because the process of Qin's unification of the six kingdoms was also the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Therefore, the way of fighting during the Autumn and Warring States period changed dramatically.

"First of all, there has been a change in the source of combat troops. In the autumn period, the country and the wild were divided into rules, and the countrymen were not soldiers when they were soldiers; During the Warring States Period, a universal military service system was implemented under the system of organizing households and people, and a large number of peasants became the main source of soldiers for the army. ”

"Secondly, there have been changes in the combat arms: before the Warring States period, the chariot occupied a dominant position in the army, and the infantry had a low status, and during the Warring States period, the infantry jumped to the main branch of the army, and the status of the chariot declined; In the late autumn, a naval army appeared, whose role was mainly water warfare and transportation of the army, and the birth of the naval army opened up a new battlefield. During the Warring States period, large-scale cavalry equipped armies, which made warfare even more complicated. In particular, the emergence of cavalry means a change in the history of the ancient army of our country. Cavalry first appeared in the Zhao State at the turn of the Autumn and Warring States periods, and in 307 BC, the reform of the Zhao Wuling King Hufu cavalry officially introduced the cavalry as a troop. ”

"Again, there has been a change in the way the arms fight. In the autumn period, the chariots and soldiers were fighting, and the two sides chose to line up in a flat place, and once the two sides fought, it was difficult for the defeated team to be rearranged in chaos, so it was quickly possible to distinguish the winner and loser. For example, famous battles such as the Battle of Chengpu were decided in a single day. By the time of the Warring States Period, the army, which was dominated by infantry and cavalry, was no longer suitable for chariot warfare, and field warfare and encirclement warfare became the main mode of warfare. The duration of the war was also greatly extended, and the positions were also selected in dangerous places, such as the Battle of Maling and the Battle of Changping. ”

"In the end, the scale of the war changed. During the Western Zhou and Autumn periods, the scale of wars was generally small, the two sides invested limited troops, and the duration of the war was also very short; This was not the case during the Warring States period, when both sides committed unprecedented amounts of troops in a war, and the duration of the war became longer and longer, ranging from months to years. The Battle of Qin and Zhao was the most typical war scene in the late Warring States period. ”

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