What? Zhao Yan looked at Sun Changgeng with a bewildered face, didn't he say that kneeling at every turn was a matter of the Manchu Dynasty? Am I being deceived by those who talk about it on the Internet in later generations?

In fact, this problem should start from the source, before the Song Dynasty, chairs have not become popular, the Tang and Five dynasties are the transition period of the gradual popularization of chairs, and before that, Chinese are not used to sitting on high chairs, generally only use some low seats, such as Hu bed, even bed and so on. After entering the Song Dynasty, the tall chair was popularized among the people, and since then, the furniture with high feet and high seats has completely replaced the furniture with low feet and low seats, and China has entered the era of "sitting with feet down" from the era of "sitting on the ground".

In the era when there were no chairs, Chinese society had already adopted kneeling, because kneeling at that time was natural, from the sitting posture to straighten the waist, and the buttocks left the heels, that is, kneeling; Combined with the movements of the hands and head, such as making a bow, checking the head, and pausing the head, it is a worship. At this time, the kneeling ceremony does not have the meaning of dignity and humility attached to later generations, but only shows respect for the other party, and the other party also returns the kneeling salute to thank him. For example, "Fan Ju Says King Qin", it says: "King Qin knelt down and said: 'What is Mr. Yanye!'" ......'Fan Ju will bow again, and the King of Qin will also bow again.' "So kneeling is mutual, and it's a ritual for both sides to show respect and respect for each other.

After the advent of the tall chair, the Chinese habit of sitting on the ground has changed, and the action of kneeling has taken on a more obvious color of respect and inferiority, such as someone rolling from the chair to the ground and bowing to you, which obviously reveals the taste of respecting things with humility, which is more in line with the thinking of the inferior class at that time.

Although the Song Dynasty was a critical period for the development of high chairs, there was no popular kneeling ceremony among the Song people. Another example is that after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan people to Dadu, and was summoned by Boluo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang only knelt but did not kneel, because kneeling in the high chair era already had the meaning of humiliation and humility, and he only showed etiquette.

From the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the humiliating and lowly nature of kneeling and worship was implemented. From "The Story of Famous Ministers of the Yuan Dynasty": "...... When you see it, you all kneel down to do things. "Yuanren's "Mu'an Collection": "Fang Song, Taishi Chen are all kneeling. It can be judged that when the Yuan Dynasty heard the prelude, the ministers all knelt down to hear, and the status and situation were greatly reduced compared with the Song Dynasty, and this etiquette was also in line with the concept of the Yuan Dynasty regarding the relationship between the monarch and the slave.

Subsequently, the system of kneeling was inherited by the Ming Dynasty. According to the "Daming Huidian", the three-year ritual festival of Hongwu was fixed, "all officials kneel, and there is an order to rise". Zhu Yuanzhang even intensified his efforts, stipulating that subordinates must also kneel down when they report to their superiors: "Those who are subordinate to the official grade of the boss will kneel." All close officials are difficult to limit their ranks, and they kneel and bow. "Those who are officials are like this, not to mention ordinary people, sometimes even if they see a petty official who is not in the stream, they have to kneel and kowtow, kneel and kneel, and gradually lose their backbone.

As for the later Qing Dynasty, the minister's kneeling salute to the king is even more strange, not only the minister has to kneel, the emperor has issued a decree to answer, and the ministers must also kneel to listen to the training, and the minister not only has to kneel, but also knock his head, touch the ground with his head, the louder the knock, the more loyal he is, "the voice must be heard through the front of the emperor, it is the highest respect." It is said that the Qing palace "the bricks of the palace are covered with urns, and there is a general idea of the sound of the empty valley", as long as the knock is in the right place, the sound is particularly loud, so before the minister knocks on the emperor, "must bribe the internal supervisor, and instruct the place where the head has always met, the sound will be fluffy like a drum, and it will not be in great pain, otherwise the head will not be swollen and sound." In addition, in the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the ministers to kneel when they see the king, the small officials must also kneel when they see the big officials. ’

With Zhao Yan's half-baked historical knowledge, he naturally didn't know this, he looked at Sun Changgeng in amazement, and saw that his face was full of righteous words, as if he had really committed some heinous crime.

Zhao Yan was thinking quickly in his heart about how to resolve the predicament at this time, and glanced at Wang Ye with his spare eyes, but saw that his brows were furrowed, and his gaze at Sun Changgeng was cold, obviously not thinking about how to relieve Zhao Yan's predicament for the time being.

Pinch your fingers, Zhao Yan has been in the Ming Dynasty for three or four months, it can be said that he has barely integrated into this era, but he usually comes into contact with more ordinary people, these ordinary people pay attention to the folk etiquette, not the etiquette of the people, the people see the officials, the bottom to the top, so Zhao Yan now meets these gentlemen and bureaucrats in front of him, but he is a little blind, and he didn't come up with a suitable rhetoric for a while, but time waits for no one.

In the end, Wang Ye has rich experience, and at the critical moment, he stood up and excused Zhao Yan with two sentences: "The government and the county, the country boy reads less poetry and books, and he doesn't know the etiquette, and he doesn't want to snub the two old ancestors, and he hopes that the two old ancestors will forgive their sins." ”

Old man's ancestor, the honorific title of the magistrate in ancient times, is rarely used for a limited time, but this title is quite in line with the taste of Korean.

Although Hanwen is mediocre, it is quite advocating ancient etiquette, and when the ancients meet, they wave their sleeves and bow to each other, so whether Zhao Yan kneels or not is a very minor matter for Hangul, and Zhao Yan's first impression of Hangul is good, plus Sun Changgeng's big shout made Hanwen ugly, so even if Zhao Yan does not defend himself, the balance in Hanwen's heart naturally falls to him.

"That's it, the official said before that the official has not officially taken up his post, and today he is wearing civilian clothes, you don't need to be polite, this is really a trivial matter, but Sun Yuanwai is making some fuss."

Han Wen said, and didn't look at Sun Changgeng, who was embarrassed, but said to Zhao Yan with a pleasant face: "I just heard what Wang Yuanwai said, this Shangqing brew is made by Xiao Langjun, I don't know if it's true?" ”

Han Wen's understatement of 'making a big fuss' made Sun Changgeng's momentum leak like a note, he vaguely saw a few people on the table secretly snickering, who was laughing is naturally self-evident, seeing this situation, Sun Changgeng was naturally quite angry in his heart, but although he was angry in his heart, it was not good to have a seizure at this time, so he could only sit down angrily with the intention of drinking.

Zhao Yan didn't have the heart to see Sun Changgeng's reaction at the moment, just outside the door, Wang Ye had already explained to him, and at this time, Han Wen asked, Zhao Yan naturally knew what to say.

After receiving Zhao Yan's affirmative reply, Han Wen smiled and said: "Xiao Langjun is so young, it is really remarkable that he can brew such a fine wine. I don't know if Xiao Langjun has ever gone to school, how is his studies? ”

This time it was Zhao Yan's turn to be embarrassed, can he say that before I crossed over, did the owner of this body read social studies for a few years or something? Naturally, it can't, and if you've read the book, why didn't you kneel and bow when you saw the prefect and the prefect just now?

"Back to the old man's words, the boy's mother died early, since he was a child, the family was poor, although he had the heart to learn, but he had no power to study, but when the boy lived in the uncle's house, because he admired the way of the sage, he often herded cattle outside the village social school, while listening to the Mengtong inside to read and learn words, Chen Xiucai in the village took pity on the boy, so he never drove away. After a long time, the boy recognized some words, and thought that he had learned a lot of knowledge and truth, but he ......"

Han Wen's family background was not very good when he was a child, and after listening to Zhao Yan's words, he felt a little sympathy, and when he heard Zhao Yan's words intermittently, he couldn't help asking: "Just how?" ”

"It's just that when I see the mansion and the county today, the kid knows what it means to sit in a well and watch the sky, and what is the light of rice grains can compete with the bright moon." After finishing speaking, Zhao Yan's face was not red and his heart was not beating, and his face was full of sincerity, as if what Fang had just said was really what he said in his heart.

"Hahaha......" Han Wen was photographed by Zhao Yan physically and mentally refreshed, and he couldn't help but smile, looking at Zhao Yan, he only felt that the more he looked at it, the more pleasing it became.

Min Zheng, who has a very low sense of existence since the beginning, also smiled, Zhao Yan's sycophant is actually very superficial, but it depends on who says it, if it is said by an adult, it will only make most people disgusted, and Zhao Yan is only fourteen years old now, and he has never studied seriously, it is the age of ignorance and ignorance, coupled with his sincere appearance, even Min Zheng, who has always been a little conceited, is quite useful.

Shameless, shameless, why don't I have a nephew in my family who is so good at sycophancy. While laughing, others glanced at Zhao Yan with a red eye.

Han Wen smiled at the corner of his eyes, and in order to show his closeness, he took Zhao Yan's hand, and then said: "Reading makes people reasonable, as the so-called book is like medicine, and good reading can cure foolishness." Xiao Langjun admired the saint's avenue, and the official was very pleased. The official did not bring any money when he went out today, so he gave Xiao Langjun his favorite poem "Persuasion Poem" when he was a child, hoping that Xiao Langjun could overcome the obstacles and make achievements in the industry. ”

Han Wen did not hide his appreciation for Zhao Yan, he was interested at this time, and immediately ordered someone to take the four treasures of the study, and wrote down the "Persuasion Poem" made by Zhao Heng of the Northern Song Dynasty Zhenzong on rice paper.

"Thank you for the poem, the boy will study hard after he goes back, so as to live up to the teachings and expectations of the house." Zhao Yan looked at Han Wen with a face full of 'gratitude' and said.

Han Wen laughed again, and said: "This is the best, today is a meeting is fate, I hope you will study the words of the sage after you go back, and this official will be waiting for you when you take the exam." ”

Wang Ye sighed in his heart Zhao Yan's 'young man', at this time after listening to the words of Hangul, his heart moved, and he took advantage of the situation to say: "Zhao Xian's nephew's heart to learn is heard from far and near, and the old man is thinking that after going back this time, he will stay at home for a long time to study with his dogs." ”

Zhao Yan turned his head to look at Wang Ye, and thanked him with a smile: "Then thank you for the outside." ”