About Chapter 21 Synopsis: After the defeat of the Han and Zhao Empires, Shi Le ascended the throne as emperor under the persuasion of his ministers. Deeply remembering Zhang Bin, the adviser who assisted him back then, his judgment on who killed the deer objectively evaluated the difference between himself and Han Gaozu and Emperor Guangwu of Han. But when he was dying, he did not make arrangements for his successor. In the end, it left a hidden danger for the turmoil of Later Zhao.

As a nomadic emperor. Shiler can be regarded as a standout. According to historical records, Shi Le could not read Chinese characters, but he often had people read historical records and Hanshu and other historical books for him. And let his crown prince Shi Hong deeply study the cultural etiquette of the Central Plains Dynasty. It can be seen that when the nomads entered the Central Plains, they yearned for the advanced culture and etiquette of the settled peoples. Shi Hong has been smart and studious since he was a child, and he is naturally deeply influenced by Han culture, but there is such a truth, when parents are too strong, their children will inevitably be cowardly, and Shi Hong, who is familiar with the Central Plains culture, is also in personality.

In fact, the second or third emperor of each feudal dynasty in the history of our country often did not have many responsibilities and achievements. In fact, the dynasties established by the nomads were much better in this regard. This is also because the various tribes of the nomads are composed of one or several families, and when they go out to war, they are all children of the family, which can really be described as brothers in battle, fathers and sons. The founding emperor of the Central Plains Dynasty paid more attention to the education of his children because of the hardships of starting a business in his early years. But this became precisely a weak point in the early days of the establishment of every feudal dynasty.

Whether it is the emperor of the nomadic people or the emperor of the settled people, as parents, they all have a heart to hope that their son will become a dragon. No matter how brave Shi Le was in battle and how low his education level was, he still fulfilled his responsibilities as a father to his children.

It's a pity that Shi Le, as the ruler of the Central Plains who entered the Central Plains as a nomad, really couldn't do the things of Han Gaozu and Ming Taizu to kill the heroes, because among the nomads, more attention is paid to the friendship of living and dying together, so Shi Le does not understand the truth that ruthlessness is the most emperor's family. Although he made a gesture to appease Shi Hu in the courtier's admonition, but in the face of Shi Hu, who had long been dissatisfied with him, it was useless, although his son Shi Hong was filial piety and cowardly, but his fate was also hanging by a thread because of his father's leniency.

If Zhang Bin was alive, this top strategist would have seen the weaknesses of human nature clearly, and he would definitely advise Shi Le to kill Shi Hu, and you can see from Shi Le's expression of his feelings for Zhang Bin that Shi Le will definitely obey him. It's a pity that history can't be assumed, Zhang Bin has already gone west, and Shi Le also regretted it. However, as the ruler of the Later Zhao Dynasty, it is not a very wise choice to reuse the family clan, separate the people of the nomadic and settled ethnic groups, and set up official positions and jurisdictions respectively, as we said before, the hypocrisy and selfishness of the Shi landlord class, the dynasty with the family as the ruling class, will not have a stable political situation, and the Hu and Han division policies implemented in the Later Zhao period are too specific, which is not conducive to the historical background of ethnic integration. Therefore, Hou Zhao was also unable to follow the historical trend of development. Even if it occupies the Central Plains for a short time, it will inevitably collapse eventually.

For Shi Le, he did not kill Shi Hu. Personally, I think that Shi Le should want to learn from the practices of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty. Maintain the feudal rule of their own family through some powerful royal clansmen, and at the same time appropriately curb the power of the family. But even so, there is no guarantee that his dynasty will not be in turmoil.

For the Later Zhao Empire, the problems it faced were complex. Under the leadership of a strong ruler, the internal contradictions are not too intense. However, Shi Hong's personality is only suitable for being a king of the feudal dynasty where the Shu landlord class is the ruling class. Later, the Zhao Empire appeared to be calm on the surface, but in fact it was completely in a troubled era where the contradictions between the various tribes of the nomads and the contradictions of the ruling class were intertwined. Then the fate of the cowardly prince Shi Hong can be imagined.

Even if Shi Hong was able to exercise the power of the king normally and implement some policies. However, in the face of the interests of all parties, it will inevitably lead to the dissatisfaction of various political groups, and it will also lead to great social turmoil. And as I said before, the Later Zhao Empire is a transitional period in the process of ethnic integration, and this transition period can be long or short, but it is definitely not something that a person with a character like Shi Hong can adapt to. On the contrary, a king with a more powerful and tyrannical personality like Shi Hu was more suitable to be the ruler of this period. Therefore, Shi Hu's killing of Shi Hong and the successful usurpation of the throne are, in my opinion, a trend that adapts to the trend of history.

In troubled times, we should use heavy canons, which is an eternal law. The benevolent prince cannot adapt to troubled times. Liu Bei, who has been shaped by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms as benevolent and generous as an elder, is actually unmerciful to the clans in the Shu Han region, and Liu Bang, who seems to have no opinions, kills everyone around him, and abandons when he says he abandons, unequivocally, these rulers in troubled times often show people with fake benevolence, and the insidious and vicious hidden in their bones is actually very deep. But after all, Shi Hu is from a nomadic background, and it is natural for him to be happy and angry, but his iron and bloody hand can prolong the transition period of the Later Zhao Empire.

It is a pity that the Qian tribe of the Later Zhao Empire is still a small tribe among the huge nomadic tribes. Or not a nation at all, at best, a union of several small tribes. As the ruling body of the huge Later Zhao Empire, the Qi people were weak in the face of the other tribes of the nomadic people. No matter how fierce and tyrannical Shi Hu is, he can control the Later Zhao Empire with an iron wrist, but he is also a human being, and there will be a day when he will be born, old, sick and die. When Shi Hu passed away, his successor could not use effective means to suppress the various interest groups in the Later Zhao Empire, so the collapse of the Later Zhao Empire, which was intertwined with various contradictions, became an inevitable trend of history.

When a generation of heroes Shi Le was terminally ill, as a prince of the clan with outstanding achievements, Shi Hu took the opportunity to start the usurpation action, Shi Hu's actions, reminded me of the short-lived Qin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, these two dynasties were also when the first emperor was terminally ill, the national politics were chaotic, let's talk about these two dynasties next.

The Qin Dynasty as the first great unified dynasty in Chinese feudal history, the first ruler Qin Shi Huang is also known as the first emperor of the ages, the Qin Dynasty has contributed too much to us today, I think the most important thing is that the Qin Dynasty unified the various princely kingdoms that fell apart together, so that the concept of great unification was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, which also created the later dynasties all to maintain the great unification as their primary task, and the Qin Dynasty implemented the policy of the same book, the same track, and unified weights and measures, It has completely unified the culture of our Chinese nation and eradicated the soil of long-term political separation.

Nowadays, there are many small countries in Europe, their language is very close, but it is not universal, that is, none of the feudal empires that dominated Europe in history have unified the various states of Europe culturally like the Qin Dynasty, making it difficult for the various states in European history to be effectively unified together. However, our country has been culturally unified because of the Qin Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, even though there are countless dialects in various regions of our country, but our writing is the same, our cultural etiquette is also the same, the concept of national unification has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the unity of the country in form is logical.

Although the Qin Dynasty passed on the concept of great unification to future generations, after all, it ended hundreds of years of princely separation, the remnants of various countries, the heart of the restoration of the country is not dead, the idea of dying Qin is endless, the various contradictions within the Qin Dynasty are actually very complicated, and the eunuch Zhao Gao after the death of Qin Shi Huang, and the prime minister Li Si was embarrassed, and supported the succession of Qin Shi Huang's young son, that is, Qin II, Qin II was extravagant, but Zhao Gao relied on his great merit and brought disaster to the government, which eventually led to a peasant uprising at the end of Qin, and the Qin Dynasty also went to extinction, Liu Bang, who was born as a commoner, solved various contradictions in the troubled times at the end of the Qin Dynasty and built the Western Han Dynasty.

In fact, the Sui Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty also have a lot of similarities, the Sui Dynasty also ended more than two hundred years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties of the scene of separation, there are also various contradictions in its country, but the Sui Yang Emperor Yang Guang after the succession, took advantage of his father Sui Wen Emperor Yang Jian was critically ill, forced his father to die, ascended the throne and took power, Yang Guang in order to solve the contradictions left over from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, all the efforts made were too careful, and the national strength of the Sui Dynasty was difficult to support the various political measures of the Sui Yang Emperor. This led to the dissatisfaction of various forces, and also triggered a peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and the Li family, which was also part of the Guanlong aristocratic group, successfully replaced the Sui Dynasty and established the Tang Dynasty. In fact, the Sui Dynasty was much more active than the Qin Dynasty in resolving the contradictions left over from hundreds of years of turmoil. But also in the complex contradictions, it was eventually replaced by the Tang Dynasty.

The feudal dynasties after the short-lived Sui Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty, that is, the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, are the two most prosperous feudal dynasties in the history of our country, in fact, this also shows that the Qin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty are just the transitional period of social attributes at that time, the Qin Dynasty is the stage of transformation of the ruling class from the slave owner class to the aristocratic landlord class, and the Sui Dynasty is the transition stage of the ruling class from the scholar landlord class to the Shu landlord class. Between them, there was also a short-lived Western Jin Dynasty, which was a stage of transformation of the ruling class from the aristocratic landlord class to the noble landlord class.

Therefore, I think that when the Great Unification Dynasty is in turmoil for more than 100 years, generally speaking, it should be a period of social change, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period before the Qin Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms Troubled Period before the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms Period and the Northern and Southern Dynasties Period before the Sui Dynasty, and the Great Unification Dynasty that has just ended the troubled times is difficult to face the contradictions left over from the hundred years of turmoil. No matter how these three great unified dynasties tried to solve the various contradictions left over from the previous countries, they themselves were the main body of contradictions, and the eventual demise was also a historical trend, but at the same time, the newly constructed social system also pushed the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty after the Qin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty to its peak, and because the Shi landlord class was a great transition period for the transformation of the ruling class, the whole country was full of contradictions, but the Eastern Jin Dynasty after the Western Jin Dynasty also maintained the stability of half of the south of the Yangtze River.