About Chapter 52 Story Introduction: Former Qin Emperor Fu Jian heard that Murong Chui, Murong Hong and others rebelled one after another, and was extremely angry, how could Murong Chui be far away in the Kanto, and the whip was out of reach, but the rebels led by Murong Hong were close at hand, Fu Jian ordered his beloved son Fu Rui and the general Yao Chang to lead the army to conquer Murong Hong, but Fu Rui did not listen to Yao Chang's advice, resulting in the defeat and was killed, Fu Jian was angry with Yao Chang, and killed Yao Chang's cronies who sent Yao Chang back to Chang'an to report the news, Yao Chang was terrified, so he had to lead the remnants to flee to Weibei, The powerful people who don't want to see the great trend of the former Qin Empire have gone, they have attached themselves to Yao Chang, and respected Yao Chang as the king of Qin for ten thousand years, known as Hou Qin, Yao Chang recruited the Qiang people in the Guanzhong region through his own Qiang chieftain descendants, and its power gradually became stronger, Fu Jian fought for Yao Chang several times in vain, Yao Chang persuaded Murong Chong, who had just ascended to the throne of Western Yan, to attack Chang'an, in order to relieve the military pressure he was facing, and Murong Chong, the lord of Western Yan, was full of ambition and led his troops to defeat the last new force of the former Qin Empire. Leading the army to the city of Chang'an, Murong Chong rejected Fu Jian's move to make peace and ordered the siege of the city, but Fu Jian had to be trapped in the lonely city and insisted on resisting.

From this story, we can see that the establishment of the Later Qin regime became the last straw that overwhelmed the former Qin Empire, although the Western Yan army was flourishing in the Guanzhong region, but the Xianbei Murong Department living in the Guanzhong region was difficult to obtain the strong support of the local people of all ethnic groups, but as a descendant of the Qiang chieftain, Yao Chang received the support of many forces in the Guanzhong region, and the strength of the Qiang people led by him gradually began to become stronger, this is because the Guanzhong region has been the living area of the Qiang and Di people since ancient times. At that time, the ancestors of the Han nationality did not clearly understand the difference between these two tribes, and only the people of these two tribes knew the difference between the Qiang and the Di people, and at this time, the Di people who had unified the north had basically completed the sinicization, and the national characteristics tended to disappear, while the Qiang people were still struggling to move forward in the process of sinicization, so when the former Qin Empire established by the Di people began to decline, the Qiang people saw the hope of dominating Guanzhong and completing the sinicization, It just so happened that the former Qin Emperor Fu Jian sent them a righteous leader, and under the call of Yao Chang, the leaderless Qiang people twisted into a rope that could strangle the former Qin Empire.

However, at this time, the strength of the Later Qin regime was still relatively weak, and Yao Chang had to choose to rely on the Western Yan regime established by the Xianbei Murong Department in the Guanzhong region to fight against the Former Qin Empire, and Murong Chong, the lord of the Western Yan State, did not know Yao Chang's intentions, and led his subordinates to continuously attack the Former Qin Empire, and finally hit the city of Chang'an.

And under the city of Chang'an, a conversation between the former Qin emperor Fu Jian and the lord of the Western Yan State, Murong Chong, made people feel the most ruthless ruthlessness of the emperor's technique. For the former Qin Emperor Fu Jian's leniency to the former Yan nobles, many historians call it the benevolence of women, and even say that many emperors in later generations after eliminating the hostile regime, most of them took the action of cutting the grass and eradicating the roots of the nobles of the hostile regime, all of which originated from Fu Jian's benevolence of women, but I think that Fu Jian's treatment of the nobles of the Xianbei Murong Department to adopt the method of leniency is by no means a show, and at the same time, Fu Jian is by no means a lenient person, and the later emperors killed the nobles of the hostile regime is by no means simply a reference to the tragedy of the former Qin Empire.

In fact, in ancient China, there was no emperor who could make a difference, Fu Jian was able to usurp the throne successfully, reuse the cold door, unify the north, he is definitely not a person with the kindness of a woman, especially Fu Jian in the treatment of his eldest brother Fu Fa rebellion, what he did can be described as leaky, in the face of the most threatening brother to his throne, Fu Jian in the process of Fu Fa being imprisoned and killed, never made a move that made people feel his leniency, but finally appeared in the court, crying bitterly for Fu Fa to see off, Using the trick of crying and fainting to show his temperament of valuing love and righteousness, it can be seen that Fu Jian is not soft on those who threaten his throne, but why is he open to the nobles of the former Yan Empire, and appoint a large number of these nobles as officials? There is only one answer, that is, in order to maintain his rule over the northern region, because the Xianbei Murong tribe entered the Central Plains, its tribe has developed for decades, and the people are prosperous, and Fu Jian can not kill all the Xianbei Murong tribe after destroying the former Yan Empire, he must manage the remnants of the former Yan Empire, so leaving the nobles of the former Yan Empire and using them as officials is a better choice, which can show his leniency and virtue, You can also use the prestige of the nobles of the Xianbei Murong tribe to manage these Xianbei Murong tribes very well, which can be regarded as a political means to kill two birds with one stone, and Fu Jian is not only kind to the nobles of Xianbei Murong, but also treats the nobles of other nomadic peoples, such as Yao Chang, a nobleman of the Qiang nationality, and the nobles of the Xianbei beggar tribe and the nobles of the Xianbei Tuoba tribe Tuoba Jue, the nobles of the Qiuchi country Yang An, and even the leader of the Ding Ling people, Zhai Bin, etc.

In fact, from Fu Jian's treatment of these nomadic nobles with the method of leniency and benevolence, we can see that there should have been a large number of nomadic people living in northern China at that time, and their number should be equal to or slightly less than the number of Han ancestors, which shows how many nomadic people are in our Han people today. I always think that Fu Jian's treatment of his political enemies with leniency and benevolence is not wrong in itself, but the fault is that he is a nomadic emperor, no matter what direction he uses to treat his political enemies, the great national integration itself is to make the nomadic people and Xianbei groups and other nomads in the Central Plains to disappear, but Fu Jian's fiasco has accelerated the pace of national integration.

For example, similar to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Zhao Kuangyin, the Song Taizu who finally ended the turmoil of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, opened up the nobility of the local regime where he perished, and gave great preferential treatment, and even gave Danshu iron coupons to the descendants of the Chai family who usurped the Later Zhou Dynasty to ensure that the descendants of the Chai family would not suffer from punishment for generations. Isn't Zhao Kuangyin afraid of the rebellion of his descendants and the nobles of the local regime that he destroyed? Obviously, he is afraid, but in order to encompass the remnants of the local regimes, Zhao Kuangyin must do this, the reason is the same as Fu Jian's treatment of other nomadic nobles, but during the Northern Song Dynasty, the ruling class of the feudal dynasty has transitioned to the landlord class of the Shu people, and these poor sons are trying to help the rulers of the feudal dynasty to maintain the unified country, whether the remnants of the local government or the people of the central dynasty, they all have great hope for ending the war, and more importantly, after the Sui and Tang dynasties, The ruling class of the feudal dynasty has become the landlord class of the Shu nationality, and the children of the Han family who are in power handle the ethnic relations just right, so it is difficult for us to find a historical stage of ethnic integration similar to the bloody national integration in the historical process after the Sui and Tang dynasties.

However, this does not mean that there is no fact of national integration after the Sui and Tang dynasties, in fact, national integration is the way and means for the people of all ethnic groups to continue to pursue a happy life, and it is carried out all the time, but it will be manifested in different ways because of the different national policies, because the ruling class of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties was the landlord class of the scholar nationality, due to the defects of its governing ability, which led to the historical scene of ethnic integration everywhere, but after the Sui and Tang dynasties, the scene of national integration also often appeared, For example, the Anshi Rebellion during the Tang Dynasty, An Lushan is the Hu people, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Five Dynasties of the Later Tang, the Later Jin, and the Later Han were all established by the nomadic Shatuo people, and the Northern Han Dynasty in the Ten Kingdoms was also built by the Shatuo people, and the nine southern countries were involved in a large number of southern indigenous peoples, and the rise of the three dynasties and the Mongol and Yuan dynasties during the Song Dynasty was staged in the context of ethnic integration, and the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties was written by the ancestors of the Han nationality, the Mongolian tribes, and the Jurchen tribes. It's just that as we focus on the splendid culture and prosperous economy of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, we often ignore the benefits brought by the great integration of nationalities.

We have talked about the great national integration in the historical stage in which the landlord class of the Shi nationality and the landlord class of the Shu nationality are located, so what is the great integration of nationalities in the historical stage in which the landlord class of the noble landlord class is located? In fact, during this period, the situation of ethnic integration was relatively simple, because the social productivity at that time was low, the development of nomads and Han ancestors was relatively backward, whether it was the Xiongnu people or the Han ancestors at that time, the population was relatively small, and the core culture was not mature, and the way of integration was relatively single, mainly reflected in the hostile war and peaceful coexistence between the Han and Hungary, so in the Qin and Han dynasties when the aristocratic landlord class was the ruling class, the scale of ethnic integration was not large, so it could not be called national integration.

From this, we can also see that with the transformation and change of the ruling class in feudal society, national integration can also be divided into three stages, the first stage is the simple integration period of the rule of the aristocratic landlord class, which is embodied in the Qin and Han dynasties, the war between the Central Plains Dynasty and the nomads, the second stage is the bloody integration period of the rule of the Shi landlord class, which is embodied in the Five Hu Chaohua during the Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms and Two Jin Dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the third stage is the peaceful integration period during the rule of the Shu landlord class. The concrete embodiment is that during the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the nomadic people built the country and developed, and the national fortune flourished for a long time.