About Chapter 53 Synopsis: Murong Chong, the lord of the Western Yan State, led his troops to besiege Chang'an, the former Qin capital, Fu Jian led the army and people of the city to resist desperately, but the army and the people were exhausted, and the grain and grass were exhausted, Fu Jian had no choice but to listen to the prophecy, and led his soldiers to flee to Wujiang Mountain to hide, but was captured by Yao Chang, the lord of the Later Qin State, who was always concerned about the battle situation in Chang'an, and Chang'an was also occupied by the Western Yan army. Fu Pi, the former Qin clan who guarded Yecheng, heard the news of the critical situation in Guanzhong and led his army to help, but Yecheng was occupied by Murong Chui, who had just pacified Hebei. When Fu Pi led the army to Jinyang, he got the news that Fu Jian had been killed, and Fu Pi ascended the throne in Jinyang. After Murong Chong, the lord of the Western Yan State, occupied Chang'an, he was greedy for the power of Guanzhong and was unwilling to lead his troops to return to the east, and was killed. Murong Yong led the Donggui tribe to fight with Fu Pi in Pingyang, but Fu Pi was defeated, and Fu Pi was killed by the Eastern Jin army on the way to escape. Under the leadership of Murong Yong, the Xiyan regime occupied the Shanxi region, and the eldest son of the capital finally had its own chassis. At this time, most of the Guanzhong region was occupied by Yao Chang's Later Qin regime, and the former Qin Empire existed in name only, after Fu Jian and Fu Pi were killed one after another, Fu Deng, a distant branch of the former Qin clan in Caohan, inherited the former Qin throne with the support of the people, and Fu Deng led the Di people in the northwest region of Guanzhong to continue to deal with the Later Qin regime.

In this story, there are many regimes involved, and the story is complicated, in fact, we can understand the complicated situation at this time, that is, the northern land can be divided into three regions, the Kanzhong region, the Kanto region and the northwest region, and the situation in the northwest region has not yet been talked about, and now we are mainly talking about the Kanto region and the Kanzhong region.

During this period, the Kwantung region was basically in the hands of the Later Yan regime, but the Shanxi region at the junction of the Kwantung and Guanzhong was occupied by the Western Yan regime, and the Liyang region at the junction of the Kwantung region and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was controlled by the Zhai Wei regime, so we can think that there were three regimes in the Kwantung region from north to south, namely the Western Yan regime, the Later Yan regime, and the Zhai Wei regime, and with the wealth of the Kanto region, if these three regimes want to make a difference, they must monopolize the Kanto region, so these three regimes are constantly fighting each other. In the end, the scheming Murong Chui had the last laugh, and the Houyan regime he created eliminated the other two regimes, which we will talk about later. However, the Western Yan regime and the Zhai Wei regime were not included in the list of the Sixteen Kingdoms by later historians because of their short enjoyment of the country.

The situation in the Guanzhong region is relatively simple, the Later Qin regime gained most of the control of the Guanzhong region after the Xianbei Murong tribe returned to the east, and the remnants of the former Qin Empire only existed in the Caohan region, which is near Linxia in today's Gansu, but as the emperor of the former Qin Empire, Fu Deng must have wanted to restore the glory of the Di people back then, and the Later Qin lord Yao Chang naturally also wanted to dominate the Guanzhong region, and wanted the former Qin Empire to be completely wiped out. Therefore, the Di people led by Fu Deng and the Qiang people led by Yao Chang launched a life-and-death war in the Guanzhong region, however, the hundred-legged insect died but did not stiffen, and the once glorious former Qin Empire finally had a deep mass base in the Guanzhong region, until Yao Chang died of illness, and the Later Qin regime completely wiped out the former Qin Empire under the leadership of his son Yao Xing, and completely occupied the Guanzhong region.

In fact, since 304 A.D., the regional history of China's northern region has entered the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, these regimes created by nomads, the national strength is prosperous, and the most far-reaching regimes are basically based on the Yellow River Jizi Bay as the dividing line, and the Kwantung region east of the Jizi Bay has appeared in turn the Later Zhao regime, the former Yan regime and the Later Yan regime, and then the Northern Wei Dynasty also destroyed the Later Yan regime and controlled the Kwantung region, and then gradually unified the northern region based on the Kwantung region. It ended the turmoil of the Sixteen Kingdoms. The situation in Guanzhong is relatively complicated, but it also experienced the Han and Zhao regimes, the former Qin regime, the Later Qin regime, and the later Hu Xia regime.

It is even said that in the Northern Dynasties period after the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, after the collapse of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the regime established by the nomads was also through the Yellow River as the dividing line, occupying the Kwantung region in turn for the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, occupying the Guanzhong region in turn for the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and for the unification of the northern region, in the confrontation between the two camps of the East and the West, it was basically a mixed victory, first the Later Zhao Empire that occupied the Guandong region defeated the Han Zhao Empire that occupied the Guanzhong region, and then the Later Zhao Empire collapsed due to civil strifeThe Former Qin Empire, which occupied the Guanzhong region, and the Former Yan Empire, which occupied the Guandong region, destroyed the Former Yan Empire after the Battle of Weishui, and the Later Qin Empire, which occupied the Guanzhong region, and the Later Yan Empire, which occupied the Guandong region, were replaced by the Hu Xia regime and the Northern Wei Dynasty respectively, and finally the Northern Wei Dynasty that occupied the Guandong region destroyed the Hu Xia regime that occupied the Guanzhong region, ending the turmoil of the Sixteen Kingdoms. However, during the Northern Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty that occupied the Guanzhong region defeated the Northern Qi Dynasty that occupied the Guandong region and once again unified the northern region, but soon, Yang Jian, the representative of the new Han ancestors formed by the great integration of ethnic groups, usurped the power of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, established the Sui Dynasty, and destroyed the Southern Dynasty and finally had a dynasty, the Southern Chen Dynasty, and the world was reunified.

From this, we can also see that although the Kanto region of ancient China can be regarded as the most prosperous area, but the Guanzhong region is not much behind the Kanto region, and even the Guanzhong region and the Kanto region should be equal in political, economic and cultural terms, these two regions together are the core area of the culture, politics and economy of the northern region of China and even the whole country, also known as the Central Plains region, so the struggle between the northern dynasties is basically to seize the Central Plains region for the purpose of the stage.

The dynasties that ruled the Central Plains during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, we can also divide this history into three stages by controlling the dynasties of the core area of Chinese culture, the first stage is the Later Zhao Empire established by the Qian people, in fact, this is also the beginning of the integration period of the ethnic integration, the second stage is the former Qin Empire established by the Di ethnic group, which is the continued integration period of the ethnic integration, and the third stage is the Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Xianbei Tuoba Department, which is the basic completion period of the national integration. From this, we can also deduce that the final completion period of the great national integration was the reign of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Although the Northern Wei Dynasty was not a member of the Sixteen Kingdoms, it was because it eventually unified the entire northern region and basically completed the historical task of ethnic integration, and the historical division of the Sixteen Kingdoms period was also proposed by Cui Hong, a historian during the reign of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Therefore, Cui Hong did not say that the Northern Wei Dynasty was included in the list of the Sixteen Kingdoms. It is the historians after the Northern Wei Dynasty who put the Northern Wei Dynasty into the sequence of the Northern Dynasties.

However, in fact, the existence of the Northern Wei Dynasty is actually a very special form, this dynasty rose in the middle and early period of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and finally completely unified the northern region like the former Qin Empire, although the Northern Wei Emperor Tuoba Tao at that time also wanted to conquer the Jiangnan region and complete the great cause of unifying the world, but the Northern Wei Dynasty was still at the end of the basic completion period of the national integration, and lost a chip in cultural identity, and finally met the opponent of the Liu Song Dynasty in the Jiangnan region. Since then, the two dynasties have begun a situation of confrontation between the north and the south, and the history of our country has entered the period of the north and south dynasties.

Therefore, later historians will unify the northern region of the Northern Wei Dynasty, determine the time of the beginning of the Northern Dynasty, and the Northern Wei Dynasty only maintained the unification of the north for about 50 years, with the basic completion of the national integration period came to an end, the various contradictions within the Northern Wei Dynasty began to intensify after the Sinicization reform, the Sinicized Hu people, the Hu people began to be dissatisfied with the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the subsequent Six Towns Uprising and the Great Uprising of the people of all ethnic groups in Hebei dragged the northern land into the quagmire of war. However, because the historical process of ethnic integration has come to an end, the integration of various ethnic groups has entered the final completion period, and the newly formed Han ancestors are eager for peace and hope that the war between ethnic groups will end quickly, so it will be about 50 years old, and the Sui Dynasty will complete the unification of the whole country.

From this, we can see that in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern Dynasties, the second stage of the great integration of ethnic groups in the whole history, the bloody integration period was carried out in the Central Plains, mainly around the Guanzhong region and the Kwantung region, and the peaceful integration period of the great ethnic integration after the Sui and Tang dynasties was mainly carried out in the northwest region and North China. It is difficult for the nomadic culture to enter the Central Plains unscrupulously, and only the northwest region and North China, which are far away from the core area of Chinese culture, can give the nomadic culture a chance to breathe, and this respite of the nomadic culture can only be a return to the light of the death of the nomadic culture, and the relatively strong nomads in the northwest and North China can only accept the Chinese culture unconditionally in the struggle. In fact, after the Song Dynasty, the rise of Cheng Zhu Lixue completely elevated the core culture of our Chinese culture, Confucianism, to the supreme position, and the Chinese culture absorbed the cultures of various ethnic groups in the bloody integration period of national integration, and it was completely formed, and even today it is still influencing our modern people.