Chapter 462: Glass and Glass

The establishment of the sewage system has avoided the impact of pollution on the Dinghai Navy and the disappearance of the green mountains and clear waters of the Dinghai Navy, but it has further squeezed out the land resources of the Dinghai Navy, and the land area of the factory has expanded to about twice the original capacity of a factory with guaranteed production capacity.

In this way, the already scarce land has become more scarce, and the establishment of a large number of degraded and polluted green belts has also occupied a huge amount of land, and the remaining 50 square kilometers of land, if really planned, cannot plan many projects.

The large-scale daily chemical and petrochemical industries that are ready to be launched by themselves were finally shelved because of the accident in the steelmaking plant, and even if they do not make money, it is impossible to blindly enter the dangerous industry, and compared with enterprises like steel, the danger of the chemical industry is greater.

The dangers of steel, at best, are fires, collapses, and cross-flow of molten steel, and even if they cause large-scale dangers, they are simply in the production area itself, and will not spread until leisure.

The terrible thing about water lies in its fluidity, and when the flood spreads, unless it is a high dike, nothing else can stop the flood from raging.

The same is true of molten steel, compared to the flood, it is even more terrible, not to mention its overall quantity, but to say that its own temperature, a temperature of more than 1300 degrees, is enough to extinguish everything, except for a small part of metal and stones, other things, can not withstand the impact of molten steel, boiling and flowing molten steel, where it passes, can destroy everything.

As long as it is a living being, it cannot withstand such a terrible temperature after that, and the high temperature is devastating for any living being.

The important part of the human body, that is, protein, water, carbohydrates, these things, under high temperature, can not be retained, once encountered, a small amount, will produce scalds, but under 20 tons of molten steel, people are poured from top to bottom, almost even the slag does not exist.

However, the reason why the flood is terrible is its destructive power, even protracted, and the flood will not change unless it is gradually absorbed or receded.

Molten steel is different, this is through coal and other means, artificial heating temperature, he can boil and exist for a long time in a specific environment, such as steelmaking blast furnace, the bottom is constantly heated, can give it a huge temperature.

However, once it comes out of the steelmaking blast furnace, the high temperature is incompatible with the daily environment, and after rushing out, it will quickly exchange with the natural world.

The temperature of the whole natural world will form a natural equilibrium, flowing from high temperature to low temperature, when the molten steel loses its temperature, it will change, the three states of iron, the critical value of molten steel is 1064 degrees, that is to say, the original temperature of about 1300 degrees, as long as it is reduced by 200 degrees, it will condense.

When the molten steel loses its temperature, when the temperature drops to the condensation temperature, the molten steel will begin to condense, and after the loss of fluidity, the destructive power will be greatly weakened, as long as it is not close, there will be no problem.

After the accident, it took two months to carry out a thorough rectification of the entire steel plant, and the distance between the blast furnace and other workshops and buildings increased.

This controls the danger to a considerable extent, even if a large-scale accident occurs, it is within the controllable range.

Chemicals are different, once an accident occurs, when several chemical products are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs, and some toxic and harmful gases are generated, the result is uncontrollable, some chemicals with a relatively small degree of harm, their harm may just make people sick, uncomfortable, or a toxic reaction, but if it is a highly toxic chemical, it is very terrible.

The world's most terrible chemical spill incident cannot be said to be more terrible than nuclear leakage, the leakage of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in history, the impact is greater, his impact, even 800 years may not be able to be calmed, but the danger of chemical leakage, that is instantaneous, the resulting casualties are also very tragic, will die in a short time, directly die, and then the next 7 to 10 days, is an intensive death time, and then, the impact will gradually slow down, mainly disability.

For example, in the Bhopal gas leak, the number of deaths on the spot was as high as 25,000, and the subsequent indirect deaths were as high as 550,000, and these more than 570,000 people died tragically in a short period of time, and more than 200,000 people were permanently disabled.

You know, the area covered by poison gas, that is, more than 1 million people, in this shrouded range, the mortality rate is as high as more than 70%, which is a terrible nightmare.

Zhao Xin will not be in the chemical plant, do highly toxic pesticides, but who can guarantee that there will be no accidents, most of the chemical products, are toxic and corrosive, once misoperated, the impact of the consequences, unimaginable.

In itself, it is a new choice to open new industries, such as daily chemical industry and petrochemical industry, after the two pillar industries of steelmaking and cement are on the right track.

The former is used more in daily life, on the basis of the original soap, to further expand the scale and output, to form a complete scale of modern daily chemical industry chain, the latter, contains a lot of things urgently needed for industrialization.

For example, the most primitive things produced by cracking oil, gasoline, diesel and kerosene, this kind of thing, are very good combustibles, especially no, in the case of the invention of the internal combustion engine, there is no widespread situation, kerosene is the only choice to light the night, compared with the traditional oil lamp, kerosene lamp is brighter, more economical.

Zhao Xin believes that as long as some oil resources are found, relying solely on kerosene, an industry no less than cement and steel can be created, but unfortunately, this huge plan still has to be delayed.

No way, the uncontrollability of the chemical industry, cracking LPG, it seems simple, just a process of heating and distillation, but what is petroleum, natural flammable and explosive products, under the premise of flammable and explosive, but also cracking, as long as there is a slight imperfection in one aspect, or in other words, there is a problem, it is a big disaster.

Until there is no way to solve the problem of safety, such a dangerous industry is not suitable for development.

It may produce huge benefits and promote the development of the chemical industry, but the consequences are not something that the current Ding Haijun can bear, and can only be postponed, fortunately, there are other alternative industries.

The source of industrialization is to open up a new industry, the emergence of a cement, it has opened up a wide range of applications, and large-scale use of the industry, but more, or on the old industry, to deepen and improve.

The improvement of technology will make an ancient industry, the replacement machine, the original more difficult, the processing cost is relatively high, the efficiency is relatively low, become relatively low, which itself is the normal development of industrialization, which is equivalent to the direct reduction of production costs, can avoid some of the premise of publicity investment, faster integration into sales.

These industries, in fact, are also the industries that have been gradually adjusted by the Navy in the past six months, but these traditional industries are either difficult to industrialize, for example, carving, which requires skilled workers to operate, and cannot be used on a large scale until similar machines are produced in large quantities.

The traditional Northern Song Dynasty technology, after part of the industrialization of the transformation, can be a large-scale reduction of costs, these on the basis of the original technology, after adjustment, there has been no huge change, but in the concept of industrialization, increase efficiency, reduce cost, such a process, it is difficult to cause pollution, and even some are pure handwork, no chemical and smelting process, of course, it is impossible to produce pollution.

For example, some handicrafts and daily necessities may be enough to accommodate these factories in a small, hundreds or thousands of square meters.

These factories can even exist in multi-storey factories, because they are less polluting and dangerous, and some large-scale buildings can accommodate these factories.

There may be hundreds, or even thousands, of factories, which are very small and cannot be compared to the huge scale of cement and steel plants.

There is still a lot of land left, but after some consideration, Zhao Xin already has a plan.

This project is a project that Zhao Xin has been working on, even now, the focus is on shipbuilding, Zhao Xin has not relaxed at all, this is also a project that the entire Northern Song Dynasty has not set foot in, this project is transparent glass.

Glass is also a large-scale industry, and it is also a more used industry, but from ancient times to the present, there is no large-scale production industry.

In ancient China, there was also glass, and the ancient glass was called glaze, which was a kind of jade in the ancient saying.

After the glass was accidentally manufactured, because of the unique appearance at that time, it was directly positioned as a substitute for jade, and in ancient China, jade was respected, and the grade of jade represented identity and status, and jade was used as a reward, which was basically the highest standard in the ancient reward standards.

Such a high-priced jade is not only a symbol of wealth and merit, but also the focus of contention for the power.

Among all the jade, the most famous is the famous He's Bi, that's it, the Qin State attacked Zhao in the name of He's Bi, and then with the efforts of Lin Xiangru and others, digested this crisis, and this famous jade has become the most legendary jade in Chinese history.

Especially after the first emperor carved the Heshi bi as a jade seal of the country, it became a symbol of the dynasty, starting from the Qin Dynasty and continuing to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it has always been a symbol of Zhengshuo.

The same heirloom jade as Shibi is not something that ordinary people can use, but because of this, jade has become a valuable gift, a symbol of identity and status.

Jade is a relatively scarce resource, especially in ancient times, the deep veins are relatively few, and some large-scale jade mines found in later generations have not been discovered and cannot be developed.

In this case, no effort is spared in finding alternatives to various types of jade.

The alchemy monk unexpectedly got Liuli, which was similar to jade, and was immediately named Liuli and became popular.

The characteristics of jade are warm, soft feel is the key, transparency has never been the advantage of Chinese jade, this is actually the characteristic of white jade, especially mutton fat jade, this kind of top jade recognized by China, in any era, is synonymous with expensive.

As a substitute for jade, the glaze will of course be compatible with some characteristics of jade, especially the characteristics of ancient jade, which is warm and soft, and colorful.

Perhaps, in ancient China, there was also transparent glass, but it was thrown away as a waste material.

This is the difference between the reference object, the reference object of opaque glass is jade, and the reference object of transparent glass is crystal, in ancient China, crystal has never been the top gemstone, let alone his reference, even if someone occasionally makes it, it will be thrown away as garbage.

This is just an assumption, but in ancient China, the Gewu did not pay attention to, capable craftsmen, after Dong Zhongshu deposed the hundred schools of Confucianism, there is basically no record, not to mention the glass that is not very important, from the pre-Qin to the Han Dynasty, and then to the Tang Dynasty, there are some science and technology, repeatedly appeared, and even cut off the loss, this is not to pay attention to the record, the harm of self-cherishing of the broom.

For example, the quality of steel is an important reason why the Tang Dynasty's Baidao was lost.

Even the important basic steel related to weapons will be lost, not to mention the glaze, some ancient characteristic glaze, to the Song Dynasty, can no longer be built, descendants are often in the predecessors of the description of the book, try to manufacture.

In the descriptions of these literati, transparent glass is impossible to appear in the description, in the beautiful color, warm and jade-like feel, there is a cold transparent glass, what is going on.

Zhao Xin of course knew that glass, especially transparent glass, did not appear in ancient China, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, along with the Western transparent glass mirror into China, China only knew that there were so many treasures that were clearer than the bronze mirror, in the Ming Dynasty, a palm-sized oval glass mirror, even as high as dozens of taels of silver.

As a historian, Zhao Xin knows very well that there was no transparent glass in ancient times, which is not important, and it does not appear, which means that there are huge benefits contained in it.

Among the many products, it has become the three magic weapons of the traverser, the manufacture of glass, there are huge benefits, it is conceivable that if there is a huge dressing mirror half a person high in the Dinghai Navy, it will cause such an impact.

Compared with the bronze mirror that is enough to see people, the glass mirror that can make the pores on the face can be clearly illuminated, it is simply a magical treasure, you can imagine how big the market will be.