Zhao Xin pays attention to glass, profit must be the focus of attention, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, a palm-sized mirror, can be as high as 100 taels, rare is expensive, in the beginning, the formula of the mirror, has always been in the hands of the Venetians, for this reason, they have been preserved for 400 years.

All the workers who produced the mirrors, basically, were prisoners, isolated to produce on an island, and this business became the most lucrative business for the Venetians.

Later, with the passage of time and research, the recipe for glass began to circulate, but it was not possible to solve the problem of bubbles in glass products, at that time, only the Venetians were able to make perfect glass products, including some high-end, beautiful crafts, and large mirrors.

These industrial products, which can almost be called treasure-level, are quite expensive, and many people have been looking for secret recipes about him.

In the end, it took hundreds of years and a lot of money, but the secret recipe was very simple, that is, in a word, even stirring.

When processing glass liquid, through uniform stirring, you can clean up the air bubbles in the glass, it's as simple as that.

Bubbles are because some minerals in the glass, after heating, a thermal reaction occurs, and finally becomes a compound of glass, in the process of change, some gases will be produced, the traditional way, do not pay attention to cleaning gas, most of these gases, are sealed in the glass, forming an unsightly flaw, which also restricts the value of glass.

Truly perfect glass, that is, it cannot have bubbles, and it has a variety of forms, and before there is no secret recipe, it often takes hundreds or even thousands of times to succeed once.

Zhao Xin also heard a story about glass, he can say that he has mastered the highest secret of glass products, but he has no introductory knowledge, and now, there is not even a complete way to make transparent glass.

However, this is no problem, knowing the basic materials of glass, it is good to work towards this aspect, scientific management system and experimental methods, can always be produced.

As long as it is made, with glass mirrors, as well as the glass itself, it can be integrated into different colors and patterns, and the shape can be made at will, this glass product will definitely be able to obtain a lot of benefits.

Money, must be an important aspect, a terrible, enough to accommodate tens of millions of people, even in the future, need countless investment, Shenzhen, China's latest type of big city, is also in the right time and place, and even with the support of national capital, it took a full 20 years to basically have a scale of 10 million, that is already the 21st century.

However, in the Northern Song Dynasty, relying on the existing scientific and technological conditions, the investment required was even greater.

At present, the navy, the city with a capacity of 1.2 million people, and a large-scale industry, it seems that it was built in half a year, but the amount of investment in it, not to mention the local production, the cost savings, and the purchase of some raw materials and necessary commodities alone exceeded 200 million yuan.

This is the terrible of a city, in the underdeveloped feudal society, it is even more terrible to build a city, it seems, this city, there are no pavilions, no palace buildings, and there is nothing that seems to cost money, but it is such a subtlety of the huge cost.

Anything, no matter how cheap it is, when this base reaches a huge base, it is the most terrible, for example, salt, the price in the Northern Song Dynasty is medium, but after multiplying it by the hundreds of millions of people in the entire Northern Song Dynasty, it is very terrible.

There are not many other things in Dinghai, that is, there are many things with a large base, more than 400,000 houses, more than 1,000 factories, and large factories such as steel factories and cement factories, and even the simple cultivation of anti-pollution crops oleander, under the terrible area, the cost is more than 10 million.

Steel and cement will continue to increase with the increase in production, the price continues to decrease, Zhao Xin also thought about maintaining high profits for 10 to 20 years, but in the end, he gave up.

Whether it is steel or cement, it represents the strength of the whole country, and in the face of enough steel and cement, the iron horses of the nomads will not be able to move an inch.

Originally, the construction of cities was a huge and terrible investment, but now, with the application of steel and cement, if there is a real war, the city will become a jungle, and the jungle built of steel will bury anyone who dares to come in.

This is not a joke, this is true, taking the seven or eight story buildings of the Dinghai Navy as an example, first of all, the height, the height of more than 25 meters, as long as the bottom is enclosed, it is a natural turret.

Reinforced concrete and cement, flame retardant is also relatively good, not easy to be burned, traditional attack methods, it is difficult to have an impact on his main body, this is a natural fortress, as long as you are prepared, the entire Northern Song Dynasty, various cities, and even villages, are like this, no matter how powerful the nomadic cavalry is, can it still be vertically and horizontally.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was invincible, saying that it was a compliment, in fact, how many Manchu Qing were many, in the second year of Chongzhen, although it was said that it hit the city of Beijing, but it was not like a bamboo, it was all the way to avoid the heavy and light, several key cities were attacked, but most of the cities were released, and even some strong villages, did not take advantage of the situation.

The carrying capacity of the grassland, so that the nomads in the population comparison, far less than the agricultural people, the reason for the strength, on the one hand, is the harsh environment in the north, and the confrontation with heaven and earth, resulting in a more powerful physique, and then there is the horse.

However, when the large application of cement and steel, and the extensive use of the longbow, a quasi-thermal standard weapon, can bring the role of the fortress to the extreme, perhaps, in some places, the nomadic cavalry will be taken by surprise, but as before, it is impossible to drive straight into the long way, and even in the process of attacking, their teeth will be broken.

When the nomads and the farming people fight together, let alone one to one, or even one to two, they can replace the nomads.

Under the premise that steel and cement may be reduced to a reasonable profit level in the future, and under the premise that there is no way to mass produce Dinghai coins, it is an inevitable choice to find other sources of wealth.

In the petrochemical and daily chemical industries, the two major chemical industries, because of safety reasons, had to suspend the development, put in the process of accumulating strength of the experiment and exploration, glass came into being.

Glass is also a chemical reaction, but its whole, similar to steelmaking, is through heat treatment, so that some raw materials are mixed, among them, uncontrollable toxic and harmful gases, not too much, which has become an almost inevitable choice.

Glass, soap, gunpowder, known as the three magic weapons of the traverser, is not without reason, easy to manufacture is certain, these three, can be found in the ancient environment, raw materials, and through the exploration of manufacturing.

Especially the latter two, the root style is easy, one person, a small workshop, leave to be able to make it, glass is the most technical content of the three, but also the most difficult, but only a few helpers, a certain amount of funds, groping, it's almost the same, to make it, it's just a matter of time.

Of course, although money is Zhao Xin's choice and an important aspect of choosing glass, in a sense, it is not the most important aspect.

In addition to the choice of making money, glass also has its practicality.

Glass, in later generations, has become a very common industrial product, glass industry, and steel, and cement, is also a bulk industry, is synonymous with huge enterprises, glass has also differentiated countless varieties, has become one of the most important daily necessities in daily life, it can be said that every behavior in life, has a lot to do with glass.

The most daily use is the mirror, and later generations started from the glass mirror, dressing mirror, bathroom mirror, makeup mirror, and even the mirror that you carry with you, almost all over the family and all the locations around you.

A family, if there are no glass mirrors at home, it really can't be called a family, and some families, even with glass and mirrors as the theme of decoration, can be regarded as an alternative scenery.

In addition to glass mirrors, glassware has also become an important aspect of daily utensils, and in some families who like glass utensils, it is even comparable to porcelain.

As for the laboratory, there is no way to refuse the existence of glass, glass-based utensils have become the standard configuration in the laboratory, and all kinds of utensils have a huge effect on accuracy and small heating.

These are the reasons why Zhao Xin devoted himself to glass research, but they are not the most important reasons.

The reason why Zhao Xin is so invested in glass is simply to make reliable glass windows, that is, traditional, large plate glass.

Glass windows in later generations, is already commonplace, this general family must-have, there are even countless types of glass to choose from, transparent glass, single-sided glass, ground glass, and others, all users, can be through personal preferences, the glass to choose.

Zhao Xin now, he hasn't even made glass, and he hasn't figured out the glass process, but he needs glass windows very much.

The houses of the Dinghai Navy are made of reinforced concrete, which is completely different from the original buildings of the Northern Song Dynasty, but at present, the traditional wooden paper paste is used.

Buildings, matching materials, papier-mâché windows, have been used in China for hundreds of years, so to speak, they have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but in high-rise buildings, they are not very suitable.

In the case of low houses, because of the shading of plants, coupled with some other effects, the wind close to the ground is rarely very large, and the paper that has been treated with grease can shelter from the wind and rain, and at the same time can keep warm, but on the higher floors, for example, more than five floors, relatively high places, the wind is rarely shielded, and such wind is quite strong.

After the large-scale popularization of high-rise buildings, the breakage rate of paper windows is high if there are more than three floors.

In itself, it is not difficult to improve papermaking, but after determining the problem of pollution, Zhao Xin stopped this pace after a certain amount of hesitation.

Anyone in later generations knows that papermaking is a very polluting enterprise, and some advanced papermaking groups often have to bear the cost of large-scale pollution control, so there will be some small paper mills, they choose the method of channeling, to the poor countryside to discharge sewage, or directly buried deep in the underground sewage pipes for sewage.

Zhao Xin knows little about paper, if he spends effort and money, on the premise of concentrating craftsmen, he may not be able to make cheaper paper, but what is the use of that, and he has to bear the risk of pollution.

Dinghai's demand for paper is not very much, and various paper mills in the Northern Song Dynasty are also quite developed, and hundreds of kinds of paper can fully meet all needs.

However, this demand is on top of the traditional consumption, and the paper that pastes the windows is not in the plan, and such large-scale damage is not only costly, but also different from what the navy can produce itself, and all the paper must be purchased.

It doesn't matter if you buy out, you have enough capital to support a large number of outsourced purchases, but you can't buy them even if you are afraid.

Dinghai is industrialized production, labor efficiency and work efficiency, is put in the first place, so it supports such a huge steel mill and cement plant.

However, the other Northern Song Dynasty workshops, that is, a handicraft workshop, plus the control of secret recipes and the like, their production capacity is very limited, and the intervention of the Ding Navy has made the field of paper, somewhat lacking, plus the new ones, this is a sudden increase, to balance this supply and demand relationship in a short period of time, it is more difficult.

Since it can't be balanced, under the premise of similar production capacity and increasing demand, it will naturally come according to the laws of the market.

What is the law of the market, the imbalance between supply and demand, under the premise that supply is less than demand, will almost inevitably increase in price, in a higher position, to seek a new balance, which is unacceptable for Dingjun.

Whether it is research, study, or even simply pasting paper on the windows, this is already very terrible from more than 400,000 households.

The pressure of funds is always secondary, after mastering the weapon of Dinghai currency, there is no shortage of money, but the materials are not money that can be directly turned back, even if the price is increased and other people's goods are robbed, it is not endless.

However, the demand for the navy has grown to a terrible degree, and the growth brought by each month may make the price of paper go up to the sky.

This is what Zhao Xin does not want to see, when the monthly purchase volume can not meet the 70% needs of the entire Dinghai Navy, and the price of similar paper has been greatly improved, the choice of substitutes has become the only choice.