ps: Ask for tickets, ask for collections, there is still a chapter around twelve o'clock

It can be said that the central government of England at this time was actually the royal court set up by the king himself, which was completely different from the central government of the Ming Dynasty in China at this time.

It can be said that the central government of England at this time, including the royal court, the Privy Council, the star court, and everything else, was set up by the king, mainly to hire them to help the king run the country. And their salaries were all paid by Edward.

It can also be said that the whole of England was the king's domain, and he could play as he wanted.

Unlike the Europa continent at that time, England at this time was very similar to China.

It was popular in Europe at this time that the aristocracy and the king jointly managed the country, but the king was able to manage his own direct domain.

They have a popular saying: the vassals of my vassals are not my vassals.

England, on the other hand, is popular because, in a Chinese parlance, it is not the king's land under the whole world, and the coast of the land is not the king's minister.

That is, all nobles and commoners were loyal to the king.

The source is because of William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, who, after conquering England, divided most of the country's land to the soldiers and soldiers who followed him. Therefore, even knights and knights, the land handed down by their ancestors was actually divided by the king of England.

This is equivalent to the king and all the nobles directly establishing a vassal relationship, with no second hand in between.

And at that time, to become a nobleman, even a knight or a local gentleman, required the consent of the heraldic office, which was in London, in the hands of the king.

Therefore, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Farris, can also serve as President of the Privy Council.

The king is the state, so when he sends troops to fight, the king pays for it, and the territory he fights is also the king's, and if he can't fight, the nobles and local gentry of England have nothing to lose.

And it is understandable why Charles I levied taxes later, he wanted to collect a little tax from the English in order to quell the Scottish rebellion, and his royal treasury ran out of money, but the English refused, and then the fight began.

This is not the case with Parliament, first of all, this institution has been established for hundreds of years, and it was set up by the English themselves, and it was forced to approve the King of England, even if the king changed from generation to generation, and the dynasty changed from dynasty to dynasty, it still stands.

Because of the War of the Red and White Roses, the nomination of members of the House of Lords was completely in the King's hands.

This is not the case with the House of Commons, whose members are elected by the people, and the king cannot interfere.

Moreover, the legislative power of England is in its hands, and the king can only indirectly influence the House of Commons through the House of Lords, and the control is not strong.

Therefore, Edward could only reform the Privy Council, not the Parliament.

The reform of the Privy Council is actually just like that, originally it had set up many special committees to be responsible for specific affairs, but now it is just routine and centralized.

For example, the Reformation had a special church committee to deal with reform, and the nobility in the Welsh border areas was unstable, so a border committee was set up to be responsible.

After talking about the Privy Council, the next thing is the turn of the army.

According to Edward's original plan, the Military Council had two positions, the Minister of the Navy and the Minister of the Army, but now, there was no standing army, and the local militia was managed by the sheriff, so the Minister of War did not have it for the time being, only the Minister of the Navy.

The Guard, on the other hand, was managed by Edward himself and was not part of the central government.

After the Privy Council began to reform, Edward convened the judges of the London courts and began judicial reform.

The first is the Star Chamber, which was a criminal court in England and the royal lackey of the king at that time, just like the Beizhen Fusi of the Ming Dynasty.

They specialized in punishing nobles who were not loyal to the king and even plotted rebellion. The members consisted of Privy Council officers, bishops and senior judges, and were directly manipulated by the king. Instead of using the jury system, they adopt the interrogatory-style trial method that is popular in mainland countries, and they can torture defendants or witnesses to extract confessions.

There was no need to change this, but Edward decided to change the personnel so that the positions were no longer among the nobles and the Privy Councillors and bishops, but rather by commoners, especially those who were loyal to themselves, who were more easily controlled.

Then there are the royal courts, which include the courts of civil privilege, or pleas, which specialize in administering civil affairs; and the Court of Fiscal Privilege, which specializes in the management of money disputes, land transfers; A court of religious privileges that governs the church.

There are also local courts that administer unstable places, such as the Northern Affairs Committee.

and the highest judicial body, the Court of Justice, the equivalent of the Supreme Court.

There are still messy courts, such as a mining area, there is a mining court, a port court in the port, and a special Thames court in the Thames.

If you're going to go to court at that point, don't go to the wrong place.

In this way, the court essentially became a judicial and administrative body, and the complex judicial system was the magic weapon of the king's rule over England.

Edward directly merged them into one piece, collectively known as the Crown Court.

The Civil Department will be established under the court, which will be under the jurisdiction of the court to deal exclusively with civil litigation; the establishment of the Ministry of Finance, under which the Court of Fiscal Privileges is regulated, to deal exclusively with similar matters; The religious courts were then brought into the Ministry of Religion to deal with religious affairs.

These court departments directly manage various types of courts at the local level, reaching the level of vertical management.

As for the local court, Edward was going to abolish it and establish the local government that Edward had in mind.

The Chancellor's Court, on the other hand, was used as the Supreme Court, with nine Chancellors, all appointed by the King, who were given the task of administering the vast Crown Court by Edward, and who also dealt with difficult problems and cases.

In addition, they issue the Solicitor Certificate in England.

It can be said that they are really powerful!

Of course, the most important point is that Edward drew out the sequence of judicial officers, and the judicial officers were promoted and raised according to this in the future.

First of all, he is a probationary judge, who becomes an assistant to the head of hundreds of local households, and in three years, if he does not make a mistake, he will be promoted to a magistrate, that is, a judge in the district of 100 households, and after five years, the top few who have a high detection rate will become judges in the county court, and after five years, he will be transferred to another county to serve, and then if he does a good job, he will become a county magistrate.

After that, depending on the performance, he will come to London and serve as a deputy minister in any department of the royal court, and then he will be a minister, a justice.

Trainee judges are paid twenty pounds per year, and magistrates are paid between fifty and two hundred pounds. The money is the responsibility of the local government.

Only in London was the king's responsibility, with a minimum of two hundred pounds per year.