The development of the whole society is inseparable from the role of tools, and the first epoch-making tool is the wooden tool, which is separated from the animals after using tree branches and other tools.

Fire has allowed human beings to gain the ability to protect themselves in a cruel society, and eat cooked food, the life expectancy has been greatly improved, and the journey of expansion has really begun.

Even if the use of various tools, the emergence of fire and various houses have further increased the living standards of human beings, the emergence of the state is not in this series of changes.

In primitive society, just by virtue of the foot, how much land can be measured, so in the primitive era, there were tribes one by one, no matter how big the tribe was, the range that could be controlled, that is, the distance of walking for a day or two.

A radius of 100 miles is already very large, as for the vertical and horizontal miles, it is almost impossible, at most it is influence.

History, that's it, there is inevitability in the accident, with the eyes of a historian, looking at the feudal dynasty, what the general trend of the world will be divided for a long time, and it will be divided for a long time.

It is nothing more than that the land is the most important means of production in the entire feudal dynasty, and his quantity is constant, at the beginning of the dynasty, after the war that established the dynasty, the number of people in the world is small, the war has been in turmoil for a long time, and the world is peaceful and stable, and it is easy to produce great governance.

However, after three or five generations, with a long period of living and working in peace and contentment, the population of the entire dynasty began to rise sharply, perhaps several times in 100 years.

This process was exacerbated by vested interests, and some of the aristocracy, as well as the new aristocracy that emerged from the dynasty, began to occupy a huge amount of social wealth, the most important of which was land.

When the food of the land cannot solve the food of the entire kingdom population, the only choice for those people who have no food is to rise up and live with their lives.

This is the perspective of historians, and in the perspective of history, the same is true of the changes of the times.

When horses, carriages, and various means of transportation appeared, a more powerful state would appear, and the unification would finally be completed.

From the heroic Qin Shi Huang, relying on the terrible standard bronze weapons and chariots, he unified the whole of China, so that the unified dynasty became a deeply rooted existence, and the transportation problem did not change significantly.

Most of the dynasties were keen to build canals, water conservancy was one of the problems, transportation was an important factor, in the ordinary march and the canal boats, these are two concepts, compared to the land march of the labor expedition, the ship can easily solve most of the problems.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty destroyed the country because of the digging of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and it was an important problem to be greedy for merit, but the advantages of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal were there, whether it was the Tang Dynasty or the Song Dynasty, they all benefited from the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and even to the Northern Song Dynasty, it was simply built on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

Before the advent of the railway, the canal is the most convenient and fast mode of transportation, but relative to the railway, the canal is very restrictive, thousands of years of feudal dynasties, whether it is strong or weak, the canal back and forth is so few, the reason is that the canal is not built casually, must take into account the problem of water volume, as well as the problem of mobility, anytime, anywhere, to build a canal, that is almost a fantasy thing.

A canal needs to have the cooperation of the river, and it also needs the height of the terrain, otherwise, there is no water in the canal, what do you want to sail.

This point, in the entire feudal society, has always been like this, all have rivers, there are canals, the traffic is also developed, the Northern Song Dynasty has raised all this to the extreme, the essence of the entire Northern Song Dynasty, are the five big rivers relying on the canal.

The railway, however, has found a new way, forming a traffic artery with the same effect as the canal on land, or even stronger, and a more convenient and faster road than the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

In fact, China has world-class natural waterways, such as the Yangtze River, which is rare in the world, and is not located in an uninhabited area like the Nile and Amazon.

Most of the Nile basin is in the desert area, even in Egypt, there is not much population on both sides, and the Amazon River is the same, on both sides of the river, there are the largest primeval forests in the world, these rivers are even longer and wider, but they do not have much effect, they do not have much capacity.

The Yangtze River is in the most elite area of the whole of China, and the entire Yangtze River basin has almost hundreds of millions of people.

But that was in the 21st century, in the feudal society, unless it was a steel ship, other ships, it was very difficult to carry a huge amount of traffic, relying solely on ordinary wooden ships, even if it was a 1,000 stone ship, it was only a hundred tons, and compared with the 10,000 tons of sea ships in later generations, or even tens of thousands of tons, the difference was not ordinary.

But the railway is different, although the speed is not fast, under the relay horse, the general speed can reach about 30 kilometers, some excellent horses, can even reach 60 or even 80 kilometers, and transportation, the friction between the railway and the wheels can be reduced to a minimum, the power is lighter, but the traffic volume is reduced, this reduction is calculated, it is more than the degree of the canal.

Of course, this is not the limit of the railway, with the entry of a large number of Western Xia horses, there must be excellent horses to replace the existing horses, when the time comes, as long as the average speed can reach about 45 kilometers, the capacity of the railway, has reached a terrible level.

In later generations, without the premise of high-speed railway and train speed, the average speed of 120 kilometers is terrible enough, which means that the carrying capacity of the railway has reached about one-third of that of later generations.

A Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is enough to change the political and economic environment of the whole of China, and a road similar to the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, or even higher, such a road, the impact on the Northern Song Dynasty can definitely be called historic.

Zhao Xin was aware of this, so he ignored the deviant Bianliang, and later, because of the accident, the trip was postponed.

After thinking about it carefully, he also felt that this was a little bit too much, but after thinking about it, he still felt that it had to be implemented.

A railway, even N railways, can be said to be leapfrogging for the promotion of the entire Northern Song Dynasty, a Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, will create a developed economy in the Northern Song Dynasty, a railway that runs through all the states and counties of the Northern Song Dynasty, what kind of effect will it have.

In the era when the steam engine was not born, when the industrial revolution was not carried out in depth, the railway was a very difficult thing to complete.

12 meters of rails, even according to the standards of the early 20th century, about 25 kilograms per meter, means that 1000 meters of railway, one kilometer of railway, requires at least 25 tons of rails.

This is still the simple track itself, not to mention the incidental things of the railway, not to mention the price of fine iron, the price of fine iron in the Northern Song Dynasty ranges from 300 to 2000 Wen, even according to the price of ordinary iron, 80 Wen per catty, the price of a ton is as high as 160 guan, and the price of one kilometer of rail is as high as more than 4000 guan.

Railways are not just rails, but also various bridges, viaducts, etc., and the consumption of steel is even greater, conservatively estimated to double, that is, one kilometer of railway, on average, about 50 tons of steel.

The price of steel is the root cause of the high cost of railways in the early days of the birth of railways.

China has a vast territory, even the Northern Song Dynasty, also has millions of square kilometers of land, a single Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, up to about 1,800 kilometers, take this as an example, to build a railway, it will need 90,000 tons of steel.

The reason why the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is convenient is that it connects five water systems, and in many cases, these water systems can be leveraged.

The railway cannot take advantage of this, and to play the role of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the mileage is at least three or four times that of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which is even higher.

Accustomed to the 21st century, the huge output of hundreds of millions of tons, but hundreds of thousands of tons of steel, for the early days of the industrial revolution, is a difficult number to achieve, let alone the feudal society, even if the annual output of the Northern Song Dynasty is huge, there are tens of thousands of tons, but that is the total number of countless blacksmiths gathered together.

But all this, after the appearance of the Ding Navy, there is no problem, an ironworks with an annual output of several million tons of steel, enough to support the construction of tens of thousands of kilometers of railways and bridges, the quality of the Ding Navy, has surpassed the early days of the birth of the railway, the only difference is that there is no qualified steam engine.

Of course, Zhao Xin knows the importance of the steam engine, with the steam engine, it represents the unstable energy such as manpower and water power, and has become a stronger and more efficient energy source like the steam engine, which is very obvious for the improvement of an industrial structure.

Ding Haijun's scientific and technological level is still weaker, coupled with the problem of manufacturing power, although the steam engine is being studied, it does not have much effect, in this case, based on the rails composed of steel, plus the replacement of horses, the nondescript completion of this railway is enough to solve the problem.

The passage of a railway, in addition to the benefits of transportation, can greatly increase the control of the Northern Song Dynasty.

For a country, it is difficult to say that it is difficult to control, it is not difficult to say, in fact, it is also difficult, a huge empire, if you want to control it, it is difficult to get to the sky, even in later generations, science and technology and communications have developed to a considerable extent, and some government decrees will be deformed, especially in feudal society.

The decrees do not go to the countryside, that is to say, the general decrees are at most at the county level, and those below the county level are all clan management.

In this way, in some places where the emperor is far away, some officials can even rely on years of experience and various means to set aside the Qipin County Order.

The reason is that the emperor is far away, but it is on the side of Gyeonggi, which is too close, as long as there is a slight problem, it can be reacted, and it is not easy to have problems.

But when the railway is completed, it represents another meaning, and the speed of people traveling has increased by 10 times.

This is not just an increase in speed, it turns out that why Gyeonggi is called Gyeonggi, it is the distance that directly radiates in the capital, whether it is the inspection of the superior officials, or the feedback of the following things, it will be very smooth, so most of the feudal dynasties are the easiest to control Gyeonggi.

It turns out that because of the problem of transportation, even if there is a canal, Gyeonggi may only be one or two hundred miles around the capital, basically, a place two days away, and it may reach thousands of miles in the future.

Even the Northern Song Dynasty, which was centralized to a very high degree, only increased the population of Gyeonggi, Bianliang and Gyeonggi as much as possible, and it can be said that it accounted for more than one-tenth of the entire Northern Song Dynasty.

It was not long to replace the government decree with a huge city, and even established 4 capitals to jointly administer them, and these places were slightly better managed.

When the railway is through, where there is a railway pass, thousands of miles of land, are directly managed, which represents the strength of the central government has expanded tenfold, originally, a radius of one or two hundred miles directly supports the capital, now, it has become a radius of thousands of miles, calculated in a circle, almost reached 800,000 square kilometers of land.

In later generations, some developed countries, their area, that is, this number, to the first world war of several major powers, except for Russia, including the European powers, including Britain, France and Germany, all did not exceed 800,000 square kilometers.

The central government can very easily influence Gyeonggi, take the economy as a place of development, and eventually form a strong central government, radiating to the entire recitation, which is so terrible for the Northern Song Dynasty, as long as these places are developed well, the imperial power will never fail, because the power is greater, and the power is more concentrated.

Zhao Xin has crossed into this world, it has been 2 years, the history of the entire East Asia, in fact, has deviated from the track, not to mention anything else, it should have been more than 200 years later, when the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed for many years, the Western Xia, which was captured by the Mongols, has almost been destroyed, and there is only one Suzhou Yuan Hao left, and it may not be able to turn over many storms.

All kinds of iron tools, countless changes in daily necessities, so that the Northern Song Dynasty saved a lot of money, the Northern Song Dynasty has embarked on another road, even if there is no Zhao Xin's continued wave, will not go on the original road, encounter the shame of Jingkang, and even when accumulating strength for a period of time, it is not impossible to destroy the Liao State.

To what extent will the Northern Song Dynasty, which is heavy on literature and business, develop without external threats, this time the railway, as long as Zhao Xin does this thing well, he may fan his wings even more.