In this way, the price of coal is about 4o-5o yuan a ton, and the iron ore is less than this, counting limestone - mirage was previously purchased in Qi country, and most of them were fired from shells, and the price was high. Now that the cement is burned, the mirage is no longer worth a penny, and the cost of materials required for a ton of pig iron adds up to only 25o dollars. Originally, the fuel cost accounted for 7o% of the total cost of pig iron, and the total cost of all materials accounted for about 85-9o% of the total cost, and the cost of producing one ton of pig iron was controlled within 3oo money.

Only, shipping costs are not included. The amount of coal (charcoal) and iron ore needed for an iron-smelting plant is so staggering that if there is no water transportation, it is very likely that 3ooo money will become 1ooo money or more.

During the Republican period, the National Economic Commission had valuations (cents/ton-km) for several major modes of transport: sailboats, 2-12 points; Steamers and motorboats, 2-15 points; Railway: 3.2-17 points, carts, wheelbarrows: 1o-14 points, camels 1o-2o, trucks 1o-56 points, donkeys, mules and horses, 13.3-25 points, manpower, 14-5o points, rickshaws, 2o-35 points.

Although the data cannot be adapted to more than 2,000 years ago, the comparison of the number of various modes of transportation can still be used as a reference. Railways are more expensive than water transport, but they are less than twice as expensive, and if they are replaced by large cars, it will be doubled or two. The water system of Chu is vertical and horizontal, and bulk goods basically rely on shipping, but the flow of rivers does not depend on human will, and the actual cost of horse-drawn railways may not be higher than that of shipping.

Iron smelting is a big card in the hands of the Chu State, cement is the second, and the horse-drawn railway is the third. Thinking of this, Xiong Jing smiled: "You don't have to worry, the price of iron is very, very low. ”

Xiong Jing's words were mixed with the words of the afterlife, Feng Ren didn't understand the words but felt the meaning, but he still had some doubts, at this time Gong Yin Dao whispered in his ear, his eyes immediately popped out, with an unbelievable expression, thinking that Gong Yin Dao was wrong.

"Minister's letter, minister's letter!" Feng Ren then shook his head, shaking his head again and again.

There was nothing strange about his reaction, Xiong Jing didn't believe that a ton of coke pig iron was less than 3oo money, and a ton of charcoal pig iron was less than 1ooo money, but the cost of materials was clearly here. The iron-smelting industry itself is an industry in which the cost of materials accounts for the majority and profits are made by volume, and there is no flower in it. Shock is normal, it can only be said that the previous production scale was too small, the fuel utilization rate was too low and too low without hot blasting, and then the iron tax was collected too harshly because of learning from Qi Guo.

"There's nothing you don't believe, don't you know how much iron sells for in the market?" Xiong Jing asked with a smile. The difference between 75 yuan and a pound is too great, making the price extremely expensive: a seven-catty and five-tael copper pot costs 7oo money, a household iron kettle costs 9o money, a handful of iron plough costs 8o money, a Sanjin iron plow costs 45o money, and an iron belt hook costs 5 yuan......

This is last year's prices, this year's coke pig iron began mass production, these will become a thing of the past, Chu pig iron out of the equipment or will sweep the world, the world's other iron merchants all bankrupt.

"Chenfu knows." Officials, how do you know the price of the big market.

"Just go home and ask the housekeeper." Xiong Jing looked at Gong Yin Dao again: "You still haven't pulled out the wire." ”

"Minister......" Gong Yindao's body tightened, and he bowed. The minister is already trying to pull out the wire, which also requires water power, and the ox power is not enough. ”

It is difficult to say that it is difficult, and it is not difficult to say that it is not difficult. It is not difficult for the Celts in BC to do it, and it is difficult for the Ming Dynasty to have a record of the method of drawing wire. Hydraulic machinery may be required to draw the wire, but the most important thing is that the carbon content should not be higher than O.6%, and at the same time, it needs to be annealed again every two or three times.

Iron wire is the key to the production of chain mail, when stealing Ming was very popular, sB talked about the plot on the whole page, and pulling the wire to make chain mail was naturally among them. Xiong Jing has mostly forgotten such a long-ago thing, but he still remembers the sentence 'annealing while pulling'.

"How much manpower does it take to build a city? How many days? Xiong Jing only mentioned the wire and no longer paid attention to Yin Dao, but asked Feng Ren and Situ about the details of the construction of the city, he needed to know the difference in efficiency between rammed earth and concrete.

"The method of building a version can be completed in a small city in ten months, and tens of thousands of workers in a large city cannot be achieved in a few years." Feng Ren replied. "At the beginning of the construction of the city, it is necessary to measure the number of days, divide the money, plate it, weigh the building, the earth, discuss the distance, the base site, the grain, the degree of the division, and build the city in the rear."

"Similar to the plate building, I use the iron as the bone, the splint around it, and then the concrete soil as the meat, and pour it into the plywood." Xiong Jing pointed to the concrete pillar in front of him and talked about his ideal city building. "A few days later, with the concrete column as the support, I will form a huge iron net, change the column into a plate, and form a first floor; After that, I poured the column again, and the column was poured into a plate, and so on and so forth......"

"Dare to ask the king, why is it a wall?" Although Feng Ren is old, he has not seen the building of later generations, but he can also understand the meaning of Xiong Jing.

"Brick as a wall." Xiong Jing replied, and at this time, Tao Shu also took out a red brick that imitated the later generations. "A craftsman may be able to lay a thousand bricks a day, but I don't know how thick the wall needs to be for the time being."

"Brick as a wall?" Feng Ren was taken aback. The brick is a very expensive thing, and it costs 8 or 9 yuan for one piece.

"You can also make a wall out of stone." Xiong Jingzhi is very expensive on the market, but the bricks in the Concrete Mansion are only laterite bricks.

"Carry stones, too." Feng people shook their heads when they thought of transportation, and the biggest advantage of rammed earth is that it is made of local materials.

"Then burn the bricks on the spot." Xiong Jingwu said, "Take the concrete pillar as the frame, and the masonry as the wall." The third floor should have four zhang. It can also be built with six floors and eight zhangs, and nine floors and twelve zhangs. ”

"Twelve?!" Not only the people, but also Tao Shu and Gong Yin Dao were also amazed, which was completely beyond their imagination.

"If you can dig deep into the foundation and build a big pillar, it will be easy to do 12 zhang." Xiong Jing said categorically. "Building a city with the coagulation method is fast, fast, and unattainable, and unattainable. He fights again in the future, and the enemy is several times larger than mine, and if I have a strong city, the enemy cannot be broken, and the enemy can only divide his troops to surround him, and abandon the city and advance. In this way, the more we go into our realm, the more we divide our troops, and we have the advantage of having a good future. The soldiers were exhausted and had no choice but to retreat. ”

"The minister has never heard of it." What Xiong Jing said has been out of the imagination of the Feng people. The method of plate building, one version of six feet, the wall of Yingdu has several places as high as eight plates, that is, 9.45 meters, but the price is that the foundation is more than 20 meters wide. The foundation is not so wide, and it can only be repaired in six versions, and the height is no more than 7.1 meters. In all countries in the world, the eight-page four-foot city is already the height of the sky, and the city of eight zhang and the city of twelve-zhang are built with plates, which is something that even dare not think.

"You have heard it today, and you will see it again in the future." Xiong Jing looked around at the ministers and said. "The importance of building a city is related to the community. Today's difficulty is not in the iron, but in the wire, grinding and power. The wire and power will eventually be solved, and this grinding ......"

Grinding powder with a grinding disc is extremely backward in Xiongjing's opinion. What he didn't know was that the grinding disc, or wheel mill, was the grinding equipment widely used in the cement industry at the beginning. The rod mill was patented in 187o, followed by the tube mill, and although the original ball mill originated very early, it was used for cement grinding after the first ball mill with gravel as the medium appeared in 1893, nearly seventy years after the cement Ming Dynasty.

At present, no one has the problem of coarsely ground cement - Tao Shu and others have not seen modern cement, so naturally they can't do it; Xiong Jing doesn't understand architecture, only has a general impression, but the key to cement production is all in grinding.

"Ministers should do their best to become a tool for grinding." Gong Yin Dao and Yu Yin looked at each other and said so.

"There are some things that can not be done with all your efforts." Xiong Jing let the two of them be exempted. "It's a matter of thinking.

For example, if an object is heavier than water, it sinks in water, and if it is lighter than water, it floats in water, which is the appearance. When two soldiers fight, the balance is to hold each other, and the balance is to divide the victory and defeat. If the weight of the water discharged by the object is equal to its own weight, it has just submerged; heavier than oneself, it will surface; If it is less than its own weight, it will sink to the bottom.

Since the ups and downs of things are related to the weight of the water, the iron kettle can also float in the water, and the boat made of iron can also float in the water. In the same way, there is water between the river and the sea, and there is qi between the heaven and the earth. Birds fly in the sky because of their two wings, and if a thing can be lighter than air, it can naturally float in the air. ”

Giving several examples, after turning around, Xiong Jing said again: "Everything has its own reason, but mortals don't see it." If you can get a glimpse of the principles of heaven and earth, you can naturally use it. The weight of the drainage determines the ups and downs is the principle of heaven and earth, and after a glimpse of it, you can build an iron boat, which is used for borrowing; Temperature is the principle of the formation of all things, and it can be used to smelt iron and turn copper.

The method of grinding powder is around us, and if we don't notice it, we naturally can't see the reason, and we can't become a tool for grinding. Therefore, it is useless to do your best, and it is useful to be good at presenting, inducting, summarizing, and deducing. ”

Xiong Jing rarely spoke at length like this, but he said it reasonably, and the ministers and engineers listened carefully, while the historian behind him waved his pen and wrote quickly, for fear of missing a word.

"Alright. I'm done. Xiong Jing concluded. It's man-made, and I believe that grinding can be solved eventually. Here's what to look at ......"

"Please come to the Ceramics Mansion." Gong Yin Dao said. He knew that the king was good at all kinds of work, just like building a mansion, he would never day and night, and he couldn't wait to live here and not leave. There was a discussion until midnight, so that the Queen Mother came to build the mansion in person, so each arrangement was limited to the suspension time.

"Yes." Ceramics is a tool for profit, but also the treasure of China, but Xiong Jing does not understand anything, can only be done by craftsmen.

Celadon was born during the Yin Shang period, which was beyond Xiongjing, and he never thought that porcelain would have such a long history. Of course, this is the original porcelain, some people think that this is not porcelain, but think that the earliest porcelain appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhejiang Cixi Shanglinhu Yue kiln.

But in any case, porcelain clay has been used in this era, but due to the temperature of the fire, the burned things will permeate water. After the fire temperature was suddenly raised to 16oo degrees, the porcelain could of course be fired, but the kiln could not withstand the fire temperature, and it took a lot of time to rebuild the kiln; Then there is the selection of porcelain clay - Xiong Jing requires the firing of white porcelain, as well as the improvement of glazing and other processes. Today, porcelain is already a great achievement in the eyes of Tao Shu, Gong Yin Dao and others.

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