Section 482 Coronation

Religion played the role of mediator, and Archbishop of Moscow Filaret Drozdov frequently communicated between Olga and the Tsar, and for the first time after the abolition of the Orthodox patriarchate in the era of Peter the Great, the Church began to play an important role in political activity.

Olga said that the Tsar's rule in Russia had caused serious social chaos, and Alexander had proved how incompetent he was as Tsar, so Olga hoped that Alexander would abdicate voluntarily.

Drozdorf believed, or the Tsar believed that Olga's coup d'état was not legitimate from any point of view, and even if the Tsar abdicated, the first in line of succession should be his eldest son Nikolai Alexandrovich.

Olga said that Nikolai Alexandrovich was not yet a minor, and his succession as tsar would only plunge Russia into a power chaos, which would be very detrimental to the current Russia. Drozdorf also believed that if the tsar's young sons were not suitable for succession, then the tsar's adult younger brothers would have more inheritance rights. As the younger sister of the tsar, Olga had no reason to inherit in any case.

The negotiations between the two sides are actually dragging out time, Alexander's anger has made him lose his mind, he does not want to accept any conditions from his sister at all, he thinks that his sister is either crazy, or controlled by the Chinese, or betrayed the motherland and family.

Olga's delay was to allow the army to rush to Moscow as soon as possible and control a city like Moscow, 100,000 people were still a little thin.

By the end of three days, 300,000 troops had moved around Moscow, and Olga conveyed an ultimatum to the Tsar.

She hoped that the Tsar would accept her succession sensibly, and she guaranteed the lives of the Tsar and his family, while promising all parties that peace would be restored, friendship would be maintained with neighboring countries, and Russia would end the never-ending struggle for great power hegemony forever.

But unfortunately, the tsar rejected the ultimatum, and Olga knew that the most important thing in this coup was whether he could control Moscow, and whether he could control the tsar. As a last resort, she ordered the army to attack the city, but asked the army to guarantee the safety of the Tsar's family.

With less than 50,000 garrisons and 300,000 siege troops, plus a political offensive, Moscow was not difficult to capture, and soon the army broke the defenses of the Russian army and entered the city. Street fighting also did not take place, and many of the formed armies decided to remain neutral. In fact, the army's support for the tsar also dropped greatly because of the tragic war, after all, no one wanted to be sent to the front to die.

There were also some die-hards, but they could only be eliminated, and the battle lasted only two days, and the Kremlin was surrounded. Finally, the Tsar's 20,000 troops were deployed in the fortress-like palace, and Olga sent a message that the Tsar would surrender. Avoid unnecessary deaths and injuries.

The bishop continued to mediate between the two factions, and other factions in Moscow began to become active.

There were always many opponents of the tsar, a large number of bureaucrats left over from the Speransky era, and there was disharmony between the bourgeois political forces and the returned old aristocracy, and even within the nobility.

Bakunin, Herzen, Belinsky and other middle-class liberal politicians began to contact Olga, hoping to get Olga's support. The great nobility of Moscow was also secretly negotiating with Olga, hoping that Olga would guarantee their interests.

The Tsar was increasingly isolated, and the troops stationed in the Kremlin began to flee, after all, no one wanted to die in vain in this kind of political struggle, especially as the capital garrison, there were too many noble children trusted by the Tsar, these people are smart.

Olga frequently met with various political forces, and the previous policy of the tsar was to suppress the bourgeois political forces, so he adopted the policy of returning the aristocracy, and imitated the noble house in the English city, and the bills of the bourgeois national parliament must pass the noble parliament before they can be approved by the tsar.

The bourgeois political forces, and therefore always disliked the Tsar, but the lack of an organized middle class in Russia, the lack of party politics in Russia, and the large number of old aristocrats in the National Assembly made it impossible for the Parliament to be a counterweight to the Tsar, and from this point of view, Alexander II's policies were at least in his favor.

The representatives of the bourgeoisie hoped that Olga would dissolve the House of Nobles, and they were willing to pledge allegiance to Olga and recognize Olga as the Russian Tsar. The House of Nobles has not yet expressed such an opinion, they only hope that Olga will not change the current system of the Tsar, and even many nobles hope that Olga will pull back from the precipice and abandon the coup.

Although the bourgeoisie seemed to be more supportive of Olga's attitude, Olga did not fully accept their demands, but engaged in repeated negotiations, promising to limit the power of the House of Nobles, promising to abolish the power of the House of Nobles to veto bills passed by the National Assembly, and to submit them to the Tsar if there was a conflict between the bills of the two sides.

Olga also promised to abolish the nobility allowance and stop the collection of serf taxes, and the nobility would no longer have the right to compensation for the loss of serfs and land. This made the bourgeois political forces decide to support Olga, and they would hold a meeting to discuss the idea of Olga as Tsar, and to coronate her in a new way, following the example of the British in Parliament, taking an oath to the constitution instead of being crowned in the church.

The religious forces were unhappy with this, but Olga made concessions to religion and decided to strengthen the clergy of the Orthodox Church. The patriarchal system, which had been abolished by Peter the Great, was reinstated, the Council for Religious Affairs was dissolved, and the power of religious administration was returned to the Church. The Patriarchate of Moscow and All Russia was established, with the Patriarch managing the religious affairs of the country. But the tsar insisted that the appointment and dismissal of the patriarch must be confirmed by the tsar.

The restoration of the patriarchal system, which made the religion willing to support Olga, and Drozdorv became the patriarch of all Russia, it was impossible for him not to actively campaign for this, and basically the religious forces recognized Olga, and even offered to add the title of saint to her in recognition of her contribution to religion.

The House of Lords was the last to discuss the question of Olga's right of succession, and most of the nobles still insisted that Olga had no right of inheritance, but some aristocratic politicians believed that if the House of Lords opposed it, the National Assembly passed a bill, which might make the House of Lords lose the support of the Tsar, and after Olga seized the throne by force, he was afraid that the House of Lords would be dissolved.

The House of Lords was never able to reach an agreement, and Olga took an extremely clever approach, first lobbying the National Assembly in the hope that they would pass a resolution to restore the patriarchate system in Russia, believing that it was important to unite the whole country at this time, and that the Church had a great influence on the people, and only by uniting the people could it be possible to suppress the aristocracy. The National Assembly agreed to this and then passed a resolution in favor of restoring the patriarchal system.

Religion and aristocracy have always been conservative forces in collusion, the National Assembly passed this bill, the House of Lords has no reason to oppose it, and both chambers unanimously support the restoration of the patriarchate system in times of chaos, so what about the Tsar.

At this time, although the tsar was trapped in the Kremlin, the bishop was still able to come and go freely, he took the bill of parliament, attacked and asked to see Alexander II, I don't know how to talk to the tsar, the tsar even agreed to restore the patriarchal system, perhaps hoping to get the support of the church at this time.

With this bill, Drozlov united the bishops of the Moscow churches and agreed that he would be temporarily appointed Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, and that the national Church would vote after the blockade of Moscow was lifted.

Pushing for the passage of the Patriarchate was just a political ploy by Olga, and she went on to fool the National Assembly, using the House of Nobles to put pressure on them, telling them that because of the opposition of the House of Lords, she could not be unanimously approved by both houses, and that she could not be crowned only in the National Assembly, which would be a huge provocation to legitimacy. So she hoped that not to the House of Representatives, but to continue the tradition, by the Patriarch of the Nation, on behalf of all the people of the Orthodox Church, crowned her. Only then will she be able to obtain legal status and then take some steps to abolish the privileges of the nobility.

The National Assembly approved of this, and Olga's army quickly launched an assault on the Kremlin, quickly breaking through the walls. In fact, with the good offices of the bishop, there was no such fierce fighting, and the bishop managed to convince some of the officers defending the city to abandon the defense, and they did not surrender, but retreated to the Grand Palace to defend the tsar here.

As a result, the Tsar's troops were confined to the area around the Grand Palace, and the Chapel of the Twelve Apostles and the Bishop's Residence, which were just in front of the Grand Palace, fell into the hands of Olga.

This is also her purpose, where successive tsars have been crowned. For the sake of legitimacy and sacredness, she is unwilling to let her coronation be flawed, after all, her actions are not legal in the first place.

The fact that the bishop's residence and church are located in the Kremlin shows on the one hand that the tsars controlled religion and their fear of religious power, and on the other hand, it shows the status of religion in Russia, so that the bishop can influence the army that guards the palace.

After taking control of the Church of the Twelve Apostles, Drozlov, who had just received the Tsar's consent to restore the Patriarchate system, and Drozlov, who had temporarily assumed the post of Patriarch of the country, suddenly betrayed the Tsar, and in the presence of religious, political, powerful people, and consuls of various countries who had not yet had time to leave, he held a coronation ceremony for Olga in the Church of the Twelve Apostles.

After his coronation, Olga quickly resumed Moscow's communications with the outside world, and the whole world quickly learned about the situation in Russia, and most politicians felt the same way as Alexander, surprised, skeptical, and confirmed again and again before believing that such a ridiculous thing had really happened in Russia.

The reactions of all parties were different, Britain immediately expressed an attitude of non-recognition, other countries did not express their positions, Britain believed that this coup was manipulated by China behind the scenes, so they announced that Queen Olga did not have the right to inherit the Russian tsar from any point of view; Most other countries are also suspicious of China's manipulation, but they have remained silent because of this, who wants to offend a big country like China when the situation is unclear.

The attitude of the nations is important, but it is not urgent, it is the attitude of the Russians, especially the attitude of the Russian troops who are abroad.