Chapter 363: The Nation-State
In the Han Dynasty, private schools spread all over the Central Plains, especially in Yingchuan. Nowadays, the most prominent and famous are Yingyin Xun's family, Changshe Zhong's family, and Xuchang Chen's family.
These three families have been heirlooms of poetry and books for generations, and the heroes of the three families: Zhong Hao, Xun Shu, Chen ??, and Han Shao are famous for their high and virtuous deeds, known as the four chiefs of Yingchuan, and are the top figures in the same county in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Among them, Chen ??, of Xuxian Chen's and his son Chen Ji and Chen Chen are famous, and the time name is "Sanjun", and he is one of the party leaders at the beginning of the disaster of the party. Huh? Huaipu? Nightmare Habits?? /p>
Among the three major families in Yingchuan, Yingyin Xun and Liu Tao are fellow villagers, because during the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Xun Ping wandered and swollen chaff and died blowing the cellar and Yun Wu? Turreth? 蟮求踊ぃ?虼嗣swing惺艿交平砭? Tomb? Young? Cattle? 鹇菜擞胂irrigation聿莆锸dive xforgive3ど缰邮示蛞蛭? ど缡quietly under the rice? Is the key enough to flatten the ship? Clams? Rushing to invade the school? Cook? Wave the Sect? Scratching and tweeting? Writing brush? Rate fresh bow to scratch the female thumb crab?? Page ど缰? Glue cockroach? Section? Relaxation? Rate is now rich in chrysalis leaves ∈ thunder? Angstrom? Hang the cloth to the lawsuit Lu Zhu?/p >
After the Yellow Turban Rebellion was basically quelled, although the population of Yingchuan County had decreased, the land was still there, and the wealthy families naturally relied on their savings and high local prestige to live their old lives again. At this time, the important role of local wealthy families in local reconstruction and maintaining stability became apparent again.
There are so many wealthy families in Yingchuan County who have inherited poetry and books, and most of their children have become officials, among which their protégés are all over the world, if they can integrate their strength, then their strength can be imagined. With Guo Bin's style of acting, although such a big battle was set up for the purpose of carrying out the "spiritual civilization construction" of Yingchuan County, if there was only such a benefit, it would be too "wasteful".
Therefore, Guo Bin wanted to take Liu Tao's incident as an opportunity to gradually integrate the political forces of Yingchuan. Needless to say, the Xun clan in Yingchuan County has Xun?? Tricks? Qinyun Huangqiao Yi said that the model is Huai ど缰邮希?? Is it a long time? Timidity?? Offering soles at dusk? どCrimson badger murophenol cyst? Secretly admired? Knock on the brother post department to make a mess C Zheng? Guanidine? ㄆ Vinegar evenly ashed? Rock rings? ζ?? Luan Yao?? Cockroaches? ど缱魑?? ㄑ舻rhyme氐 Nai Lao shallow? Gu Shuan?? There is a 13 蕏荨 14 ┦ a13 舻 Yuan Mu Huang ㄊ Γ ?渤晌? Linden Disease Zhi Badger Natang holds a certain lead? 5 5 5 5 5 4 ぶ Coins and nightmares? Postal suspicion?? Stairs? Twilight hairpin? Rui School? Muddy? Caiqiang? What is the post? Islet?? Hiss flat? Nadium? Xun 17 Valley Hammer? Friends? Thieves? Appear? Pingding? Grain bar? Sex >
In comparison, the relationship between Xu County Chen and Guo Bin is naturally not so close. If he wants to really control Yingchuan County in his hands, Guo Bin has to convince all the three wealthy families, otherwise it is an empty word, and the Chen family of Xu County, who is in the position of strength among the three wealthy families, naturally seems to be the top priority at present.
Old?? Although the official position is not very high, but its reputation in the Shilin is very high, the virtue is high, and can be a man, known as "Chen Jun can be said to be good is called the king, and the one who is called himself is also", which can be regarded as a general figure of Mount Tai Beidou in the Shilin. That is to say, this Chen?? Once you encounter something good, you will give the credit to others, and once you do something wrong, you will take the responsibility on yourself. Who doesn't like such a good person? And specifically in Yingchuan County, the more important it is to win the support of the Chen family. Now Guo Bin has clearly raised Liu Tao's prestige, and he can't get along with the eunuchs, and he has asked the party leader in the first party disaster that year, Chen Chen, who is eighty-two years old. Showing favor is also an important aspect.
After Guo Bin finished saying that, he personally stepped forward to lift the coffin containing Liu Tao's clothes, and talked to Zhao Yun, Xi Zhicai, Xun ?? 12 enthalpy?9 17 Ou umbrella 11 Pu Shao 3 Lu suburban irrigation ship Huang?? Small 4?6U which oligoruthenium virtuous grain?? What is the name of the mistletoe? Tendon Indica? School?? Wei Shuo Su?? The dagger is next to the skull and the spring is scarce?/p>
After Guo Bin placed it with a heavy heart, Xun ?? Scoop? The wreckage is flat? One horn? Hut? Street School?15 Kill Ostrich Lu?17 Hibiscus Tendon Tape?/p>
At this time, I saw dozens of people holding the spiritual seat and entering the ancestral hall in order, and after placing the wooden spiritual seat in the appropriate position, they walked out of the ancestral hall in turn. Guo Bin in the Central Plains exterminated the Yellow Turban in several battles, although the casualties of his men were very few, in this cold weapon battlefield, but it was extremely difficult to achieve zero casualties, these holding tablets into the ancestral hall are the families of those who died with Guo Bin's southern expedition to the north.
Subsequently, the opera Zhicai ordered people to hang the plaque that had already been written at the main entrance of the ancestral hall, which is the dignified and upright "martyr's shrine" three words, and a pair of couplets were also hung on both sides of the main entrance of the ancestral hall, that is, "the life and death of the country are profitable, and they should not be avoided because of misfortune." This sentence of Lin Zexu's poem may have been said to be rotten in later generations, but it can be read by today's people, but it is deafening. These, naturally, are all from Guo Bin's handwriting.
The emergence of the Western nation-state is the result of the combined action of economic, political, and military factors such as a group and a region. The development of the social economy has led to the pluralism of social classes, and the pluralism of social classes will inevitably lead to conflicts of interests between various social classes. Because no strata can impose their will on the other, nor can they monopolize political and economic power, nor can they deny the interests of others. In order to achieve the end of the difference, they have no choice but to resort to compromise and negotiation, and have to resort to a relatively powerful public power.
These Western European nation-states, which took shape in the 15th and 17th centuries, were in constant war in the face of endless external threats and conflicts once they were established. This was because it was the beginning of the Age of Discovery, and the countries of Europe were busy exploring the sea, finding new places, occupying colonies, and competing for supremacy at sea. In order to cope with the war, they need to increase taxes and make them more institutionalized, they need to create a sound and systematic bureaucracy to govern internal affairs, mobilize troops, they need to arouse patriotic sentiments among the population, they need to create a strong standing army.
China, however, is quite different.
In the final analysis, the formation of the nation-state is due to the common needs of the whole society, which needs to unite forces to face the crisis together and jointly carry out large-scale public infrastructure construction.
Unlike Western countries, China has a complex topography, with high terrain in the west and low in the east, and the Yangtze River flows into the sea from west to east. The agricultural economy formed by the influence of this large geographical situation has made the Chinese people extremely dependent on the Yangtze River, and at the same time, they have a great headache, the so-called pain and happiness.
Water has always been the source of life, and it has always been one of the important considerations for human beings to choose a place to live, whether it is the nomadic people who live by water and grass, or the Central Plains farming people who live next to the water, their production and life are inseparable from the water source. For nomads, grazing can be done where there is a water source, which can not only produce wild grass, but also drink horses and cattle, and can also provide domestic water. For farming people, living by the river made it easier to obtain the abundant water needed to water their farmland. Therefore, in the Central Plains, most of the large cities are built near rivers, because rivers can provide enough water for dense cities.
Yangzhai, the capital of the Xia Dynasty, is close to Yingshui; Shangqiu, the capital of the Shang Dynasty, was close to the Yellow River; Haojing, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, is in the northwest of today's Chang'an District, Xi'an, close to Weishui, a tributary of the Yellow River; Luoyi, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, is now the eastern capital of Luoyang, on the south bank of the Yellow River. It was the capital of the countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and most of them were distributed along the river.
Qi country Linzi, close to Zishui; Several national capitals of the Chu State, most of which are along the Yangtze River; Jicheng, the capital of Yan Kingdom, has the Chaobai River, Juma River, Yongding River, etc. flow through, when the prince Dan sent farewell to Jing Ke's "easy water", the source of Yi County, into the south of the Juma River, "Jing Ke into Qin Xing assassinated the king of Qin, Yan Prince Dan is not from here." ”
Yangzhai, the original capital of South Korea, later moved to Xinzheng, which is also on the south bank of the Yellow River; Handan, the capital of Zhao State, is close to the Fuyang River; In the 22nd year of Qin Shi Huang (225 BC), Wang Ben attacked Wei, and once decided that the Yellow River and the big ditch irrigated the Liang, and the city was destroyed and Wei fell; Xianyang, the capital of the Qin State, is close to Weishui, a tributary of the Yellow River.
Later, Chang'an, the capital of the former Han Dynasty, Luoyang, the capital of the Later Han Dynasty, Daxingcheng of the Sui Dynasty (that is, Chang'an of the Tang Dynasty) and Luoyang, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lin'an of the Southern Song Dynasty, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, Nanjing of the Ming Dynasty and later Beijing, Beijing of the Qing Dynasty, and even Beijing of the later Republic of China were all by the river. Abundant water resources can not only supply more and more cities, provide drinking water for more and more people, but also strengthen the logistics of the capital, such as the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty Bianjing, the convenience of water transportation is one of the important considerations, and the excavation of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is also to enhance the connection between the north and the south.
Therefore, the importance of water resources is definitely one of the most important production resources in the agrarian-based society of ancient China, and it is also one of the important conditions for the formation of population settlements. However, the topography of the great rivers in China makes the construction of water conservancy facilities particularly important, and the famous "three through the door without entering" is the story of Dayu's water control.
It is precisely this deep-seated economic reason that led China to form the concept of the state at an early stage, because only a unified state can have the ability to form a strong and powerful public power, and only a strong public power can ensure the smooth implementation of such huge projects as the control of the Yellow River and the construction of water conservancy. In addition, the north is full of barbaric and ferocious nomads, who always want to go south to the Central Plains to plunder, so a strong and powerful unified state was formed on the land of the Central Plains more than 2,000 years ago.
Europe, on the other hand, has a much better natural environment than the Central Plains because of its abundant rainfall, and there are no above-ground rivers in its territory that need to be treated regularly like the Yellow River, so they have no motivation to form a unified state at the root. It was not until the opening of the new shipping routes that European countries needed to divide up colonies around the world and compete for interests, and each country truly formed a nation-state in the modern sense.
In this respect alone, it was the relatively poor living environment that made the formation of China's nation-state nearly 2,000 years earlier.
Guys, I'm sorry, today's power outage, just called Qianyang and rushed to a new chapter, where I can't, please understand.
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