Section 414 The Second Nanjing Peace Conference

Immediately after the surrender of the Russian army, Britain and Russia jointly issued a request for peace talks, saying that they were willing to admit defeat but hoped to be treated decently.

Britain and Russia hoped to hold separate peace talks with China, and China invited all the belligerents to come to the peace talks and hold the second Nanjing Peace Conference.

Drawing on the lessons of the last peace conference, this time all issues do not need to be discussed together, but are negotiated directly by the parties concerned.

As a result, the Manchu and Ottoman Empires, which were allies of China, were invited, as were Britain, Russia, and the United States, which were enemies of China, and as for Spain, China did not consider it appropriate to negotiate with the Spanish government for the time being until the end of the Spanish Civil War. In fact, this is to leave a back hand.

The so-called Spanish Civil War was nothing more than the Carlos government fighting with the Isabel government for control of the colonies, with the help of China, Carlos gained control of the Spanish colonies on the Pacific coast such as Mexico, Peru, Chile, etc., while the Spanish government controlled the allegiance of the Atlantic coast, such as Florida, Cuba, and New Granada (Colombia, Venezuela, etc.), and the colony of La Plata did not choose a side for the time being, and the two-sided contact with Spain and Carlos was suspended. The Lapra people began to seek independence again.

China's backhand is that if it does not negotiate peace with Spain, then nominally it will always be in a state of war with the Spanish government, and once the Chinese-backed Carlos government suffers a defeat in the Americas, China can enter the war at any time to attack the Spanish army, because the two countries are already at war.

At the peace conference, China took the lead in reaching an agreement with the United States, and the two sides redrew the border, the southern border, which was most important to the Americans, remained unchanged, and the United States retained control of the lower Mississippi River delta, and Louisiana was still a cotton-rich slave state across both sides of the Mississippi River.

The northern border has been adjusted, and the Chinese border has been advanced from the Minnesota River to the Mississippi River, and now the middle and upper reaches of the border between China and the United States are bounded by the Mississippi River. The land between the Minnesota River and the Mississippi River, which was seized by China, was the land of the northern states of the United States. Clearly, in American politics, the southern slave-holding states still have the upper hand.

The territory was slightly adjusted, and the two countries signed a treaty of peace and friendship, declaring the end of the state of war and not paying reparations to each other.

At the same time, China also reached an agreement with the Manchus and the Ottoman Empire that during the peace talks, China would support the Ottoman Empire in obtaining the Crimean Peninsula and cede its own Kazakh territory to the Manchus, and the two countries would support China's territorial and reparations claims to Britain and Russia, and the three countries announced at the same time that they would not sign an armistice agreement with the two countries until Britain and Russia accepted the conditions of the three countries.

It is believed that there is a similar agreement between Britain and Russia.

After that, China began to negotiate with Russia and Britain respectively, and the British were more generous on the issue of reparations, they were willing to make concessions on the territory of Canada and India, and were willing to bear the amount of reparations demanded by China, apparently the British believed that the value of these two territories was more than a billion pounds, but the British had conditions on the time of repayment, and they demanded compensation over 30 years. China demanded a maximum of 10 years, and Britain was to pay one-third of the reparations immediately, a third in the second to third years, and the remaining one-third in equal proportions for the remainder of the year.

In terms of the timing of the reparations, the British did not insist too much, obviously they were serious about the reparations, but the British demanded that the territory between China and Russia should at most be bordered by the current occupied areas, and that Chinese territory should not enter Europe, that is, it could not exceed the Ural Mountains and the Ural River.

The negotiations between China and Russia were also very difficult, because the Russians did not insist much on the Siberian issue, and they also understood that the whole of Siberia was controlled by the Chinese army, and they had no say at all, and they were willing to give up here, but they also insisted that Chinese territory should not enter Europe, and obviously they agreed with Britain on this point of view.

On the contrary, the negotiations between the Manchus and the Ottoman Empire and the British and Russian countries were relatively smooth, and the Russians preferred to make concessions to the Ottoman Empire, and they were willing to return the Crimean Peninsula to the Ottoman Empire.

The Manchus and Russia had no chance of territorial changes in this war, and the Manchus did not attach much importance to the issue of reparations, they were also a country that valued land over wealth, but their military expenditures were also very high during the war, and since reparations were a European tradition, they had no reason not to, and Britain and Russia were willing to pay full reparations to the Manchus. So there was no dispute with the Manchus.

However, the agreement between the Ottoman Empire and the Manchus with Britain and Russia could not take effect until they signed an agreement with China. Eventually, countries will conclude a collective agreement based on this series of bilateral agreements. A diplomatic system similar to the Vienna system and the First Nanjing Peace Conference was formed.

So the crux of the matter is still between China and Britain and Russia, and the war will not end unless these three countries reach an agreement.

At present, China has suspended the campaign on all fronts, which is actually an Indian battlefield, because the Russian battlefield is winter, and it is impossible to launch a major offensive. As for the Indian battlefield, the British have promised that the two sides will be bounded by the main stream of the Ganges, and the north and east of the Ganges River will belong to China, which means that half of Bengal, as well as the land between the north of the Ganges and the Himalayas, will become Chinese territory. In addition, although the Sikh Empire did not participate in the peace conference, China represented their interests and demanded that Britain cede east of the Chambal and Yamuna rivers to the Sikh Empire, while Britain continued to maintain most of British India.

That's all China demands from India, and now that the Chinese and Sikh coalition forces have actually invaded the Henghe region, the claimed territory is basically under control.

The territorial division between Britain and China in Canada is bounded by the Mackenzie River and the Rocky Mountain Watershed in the west, and the South Saskatchewan River, Capelle River and other rivers in the south, so that China's territory extends to the shores of Lake Superior and successfully communicates with the Great Lakes region of North America, so that it can be connected with the eastern port of the United States, the St. Lawrence River in Canada, and is convenient for going to sea.

Only on the issue of Russian territory could neither China nor Britain nor Russia reach an agreement, and both countries opposed the expansion of Chinese territory into Europe, let alone direct access to the Black Sea. Russia did not want China to occupy the territory of the lower Volga and the Caucasus, and Britain did not want Chinese influence to enter Europe. The interests of the two countries on this issue are highly identical, and both are core interests.

But China is not in a hurry, let's talk slowly, there is a long Russian winter to kill, next spring, when the Chinese army enters the Russian hinterland, it may be faster to talk with a knife.